Cytological, genetic, and proteomic analysis of a sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) mutant Siyl‑1 with yellow–green leaf color

Tong‑Mei Gao,Shuang‑Ling Wei,Jing Chen,Yin Wu,Feng Li,Li‑Bin Wei,Chun Li,Yan‑Juan Zeng,Yuan Tian,Dong‑Yong Wang,Hai‑Yang Zhang 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.1

Background Both photosynthetic pigments and chloroplasts in plant leaf cells play an important role in deciding on the photosynthetic capacity and efficiency in plants. Systematical investigating the regulatory mechanism of chloroplast development and chlorophyll (Chl) content variation is necessary for clarifying the photosynthesis mechanism for crops. Objective This study aims to explore the critical regulatory mechanism of leaf color mutation in a yellow–green leaf sesame mutant Siyl-1. Methods We performed the genetic analysis of the yellow-green leaf color mutation using the F2 population of the mutant Siyl-1. We compared the morphological structure of the chloroplasts, chlorophyll content of the three genotypes of the mutant F2 progeny. We performed the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and compared the protein expression variation between the mutant progeny and the wild type. Results Genetic analysis indicated that there were 3 phenotypes of the F2 population of the mutant Siyl-1, i.e., YY type with light-yellow leaf color (lethal); Yy type with yellow-green leaf color, and yy type with normal green leaf color. The yellowgreen mutation was controlled by an incompletely dominant nuclear gene, Siyl-1. Compared with the wild genotype, the chloroplast number and the morphological structure in YY and Yy mutant lines varied evidently. The chlorophyll content also significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The 2-DE comparison showed that there were 98 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) among YY, Yy, and yy lines. All the 98 DEPs were classified into 5 functional groups. Of which 82.7% DEPs proteins belonged to the photosynthesis and energy metabolism group. Conclusion The results revealed the genetic character of yellow-green leaf color mutant Siyl-1. 98 DEPs were found in YY and Yy mutant compared with the wild genotype. The regulation pathway related with the yellow leaf trait mutation in sesame was analyzed for the first time. The findings supplied the basic theoretical and gene basis for leaf color and chloroplast development mechanism in sesame.

A Whole-Tumor Histogram Analysis of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Maps for Differentiating Thymic Carcinoma from Lymphoma

Wei Zhang,Yue Zhou,Xiao-Quan Xu,Ling-Yan Kong,Hai Xu,Tong-Fu Yu,Hai-Bin Shi,Qing Feng 대한영상의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.19 No.2

Objective: To assess the performance of a whole-tumor histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in differentiating thymic carcinoma from lymphoma, and compare it with that of a commonly used hot-spot region-of-interest (ROI)-based ADC measurement. Materials and Methods: Diffusion weighted imaging data of 15 patients with thymic carcinoma and 13 patients with lymphoma were retrospectively collected and processed with a mono-exponential model. ADC measurements were performed by using a histogram-based and hot-spot-ROI-based approach. In the histogram-based approach, the following parameters were generated: mean ADC (ADCmean), median ADC (ADCmedian), 10th and 90th percentile of ADC (ADC10 and ADC90), kurtosis, and skewness. The difference in ADCs between thymic carcinoma and lymphoma was compared using a t test. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were conducted to determine and compare the differentiating performance of ADCs. Results: Lymphoma demonstrated significantly lower ADCmean, ADCmedian, ADC10, ADC90, and hot-spot-ROI-based mean ADC than those found in thymic carcinoma (all p values < 0.05). There were no differences found in the kurtosis (p = 0.412) and skewness (p = 0.273). The ADC10 demonstrated optimal differentiating performance (cut-off value, 0.403 x 10-3 mm2/s; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.977; sensitivity, 92.3%; specificity, 93.3%), followed by the ADCmean, ADCmedian, ADC90, and hot-spot-ROI-based mean ADC. The AUC of ADC10 was significantly higher than that of the hot spot ROI based ADC (0.977 vs. 0.797, p = 0.036). Conclusion: Compared with the commonly used hot spot ROI based ADC measurement, a histogram analysis of ADC maps can improve the differentiating performance between thymic carcinoma and lymphoma.

Homoisoflavanones from Polygonatum odoratum Rhizomes Inhibit Advanced Glycation End Product Formation

Wei Dong,Hai Bo Shi,Heng Ma,Yan Bo Miao,Tong Jun Liu,Wei Wang 대한약학회 2010 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.33 No.5

Protein glycation inhibitors from Polygonatum odoratum rhizomes were investigated using a bioassay-guided procedure to characterize active compounds for preventing and treating diabetic complications. The EtOH extract and soluble fractions were evaluated using an in vivo model of renal advanced glycation end-product (AGE) accumulation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and an in vitro bovine serum albumin-glucose assay. Three homoisoflavanones 3-(4’-hydroxybenzyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-8-methoxychroman-4-one (1), 3-(4’-hydroxybenzyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethylchroman-4-one (2), and 3-(4’-methoxybenzyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-8-methoxychroman-4-one (3), isolated from the active CHCl3-soluble fraction of the EtOH extract, were subjected to in vitro bioassays to evaluate their inhibitory activities against AGE formation. All the isolates inhibited AGE formation more effectively than the positive control, aminoguanidine. These results indicate that pending further study these compounds could be used as novel natural product drug for mitigating diabetic complications.

Mechanical behavior of rock-coal-rock specimens with different coal thicknesses

Guo, Wei-Yao,Tan, Yun-Liang,Yu, Feng-Hai,Zhao, Tong-Bin,Hu, Shan-Chao,Huang, Dong-Mei,Qin, Zhe Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.15 No.4

To explore the influence of coal thickness on the mechanical behavior and the failure characteristics of rock-coal-rock (RCR) mass, the experimental investigation of uniaxial compressive tests was conducted first and then a systematic numerical simulation by particle flow code (PFC2D) was performed to deeply analyze the failure mechanical behavior of RCR specimens with different coal thicknesses in conventional compression tests. The overall elastic modulus and peak stress of RCR specimens lie between the rock and the coal. Inter-particle properties were calibrated to match the physical sample strength and the stiffness response. Numerical simulation results show that the deformation and strength behaviors of RCR specimens depend not only on the coal thickness, but also on the confining pressure. Under low confining pressures, the overall failure mechanism of RCR specimen is the serious damage of coal section when the coal thickness is smaller than 30 mm, but it is shear failure of coal section when the coal thickness is larger than 30 mm. Whereas under high confining pressures, obvious shear bands exist in both the coal section and the rock section when the coal thickness is larger than 30 mm, but when the coal thickness is smaller than 30mm, the failure mechanism is serious damage of coal section and shear failure of rock section.

Phytochemistry and pharmacology of natural prenylated flavonoids

Hua-Wei Lv,Qiao-Liang Wang,Meng Luo,Meng-Di Zhu,Hui-Min Liang,Wen-Jing Li,Hai Cai,Zhong-Bo Zhou,Hong Wang,Sheng-Qiang Tong,Xing-Nuo Li 대한약학회 2023 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.46 No.4

Prenylated flavonoids are a special kind of flavonoid derivative possessing one or more prenyl groups in the parent nucleus of the flavonoid. The presence of the prenyl side chain enriched the structural diversity of flavonoids and increased their bioactivity and bioavailability. Prenylated flavonoids show a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective effects, and anti-osteoclastogenic activities. In recent years, many compounds with significant activity have been discovered with the continuous excavation of the medicinal value of prenylated flavonoids, and have attracted the extensive attention of pharmacologists. This review summarizes recent progress on research into natural active prenylated flavonoids to promote new discoveries of their medicinal value.

라즈베리파이를 이용한 얼굴검출 및 인식 시스템 개발

김강철(Kang Chul Kim),Hai tong Wei 한국전자통신학회 2017 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.12 No.5

사물인터넷이 4차 산업혁명을 주도할 새로운 기술로 각광받고 있으며, 이미 많은 기술과 제품들이 발표되어 인간의 삶의 질을 높이는 데 많은 기여를 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 건물의 엘리베이터 등에서 얼굴 검출 및 얼굴 인식에 사용할 수 있는 시스템을 개발한다. 얼굴 검출 시스템은 하르 직렬 분류기를 사용하며, 얼굴 인식 시스템에는 수행 시간을 줄이기 위하여 본 논문에서 파이썬 언어로 구현된 주성분 분석(PCA)이 얼굴 인식을 위한 고유 얼굴(eigenface) 계산에 사용된다. 데이터베이스에 저장된 얼굴과 얼굴 검출 시스템의 결과로부터 얼굴을 인식하기 위하여 SVM 또는 유크리디안 측정이 사용된다. 제안된 시스템은 OpenCV를 사용하여 라즈베리파이 3에 구현된다. 본 논문에서 구현된 주성분 프로그램의 성능을 구하기 위하여 기존의 주성분 프로그램과 비교하여 얼굴 인식율과 수행시간을 비교하였다. 성능 평가를 위하여 ORL 얼굴 데이터베이스에서 40명의 얼굴에 대하여 각각 10 개의 이미지를 이용하여 학습에 200, 테스트에 200개의 이미지를 사용하였다. 본 논문에서 제안된 PCA와 유클리디안 측정을 이용한 경우 약 93%, SVM의 경우 약 96% 이상의 얼굴 인식률을 얻었다. 그러나 수행시간은 본 논문에서 구현된 PCA를 사용할 경우 약 0.11초, 기존 PCA의 경우 약 1.1초로 약 1/10로 수행 시간을 줄일 수 있었다. 그러므로 본 논문에서 개발된 시스템은 실시간 결과가 필요한 보안 시스템, 엘리베이터 모니터링 시스템 등에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. IoT is a new emerging technology to lead the 4th industry renovation and has been widely used in industry and home to increase the quality of human being. In this paper, IoT based face detection and recognition system for a smart elevator is developed. Haar cascade classifier is used in a face detection system and a proposed PCA algorithm written in Python in the face recognition system is implemented to reduce the execution time and calculates the eigenfaces. SVM or Euclidean metric is used to recognize the faces detected in the face detection system. The proposed system runs on RaspberryPi 3. 200 sample images in ORL face database are used for training and 200 samples for testing. The simulation results show that the recognition rate is over 93% for PP+EU and over 96% for PP+SVM. The execution times of the proposed PCA and the conventional PCA are 0.11sec and 1.1sec respectively, so the proposed PCA is much faster than the conventional one. The proposed system can be suitable for an elevator monitoring system, real time home security system, etc.

Identification and expression analysis of grape LRK10L-2 genes during grape fruit development

Ma Jin-Ping,Yin Xue-Ren,Wei Tong-Lu,Liu Hai-Nan,Pei Mao-Song,Yang Sheng-Di,Jin Hui-Ying,He Guang-Qi,Guo Da-Long 한국식물생명공학회 2022 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.16 No.1

LRK10L-2 is known to be related to the plant disease response, little information is available about the relationship of LRK10L-2 and fruit ripening. The protein physicochemical properties, conserved domains, gene structures, subcellular locali- zation, expression patterns during grape fruit development and promoter activity of the members of grape LRK10L-2 gene family were explored in this study. A total of 109 LRK10L-2 family gene members were identified, and mainly distributed on chromosome 16. Almost all of them were located in the plasma membrane. Most of the LRK10L-2 genes contain four or five motifs, ranging from 0 to 5 introns and have the cis-acting elements related to hormones in their promoter regions. There were 20 pairs of tandem duplicates and 293 pairs of segmental duplication in LRK10L-2 family genes. It was proved that the expression of LRK10L-2 gene varied at the different fruit development stages of 'Kyoho' and its early-ripening bud mutant, ‘Fengzao’. The subcellular localization of VIT_16s0098g00160 and VIT_16s0098g00400 were in the plasma membrane, and had a significant enrichment of the GUS signal in N.benthamiana leaves for the promoter. The results lay a solid basis for the further functional researches of the LRK10L-2 genes for grape fruit ripening.