Simplified Effective Compressive Strengths of Columns with Intervening Floor Slabs

Seung?Ho Choi,Jin?Ha Hwang,Sun?Jin Han,Hae?Chang Cho,Jae Hyun Kim,Kang Su Kim 한국콘크리트학회 2020 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.14 No.5

The current design codes discuss the effective compressive strengths of columns, which reflect a decrease in load transfer performance that can occur when columns and slabs have different concrete compressive strengths. The effective compressive strength of a column increases as it is confined by the slab, and the design codes mandate three different effective compressive strengths for interior columns (confinement on four sides), exterior columns (confinement on three sides), and corner columns (confinement on two sides). For both corner and exterior columns, the confinement effect of the slab is significantly smaller than that for the interior column, and there is a more marked decrease in load transfer performance. However, there is still a lack of theoretical studies investigating the effective compressive strengths of the corner and exterior columns. Therefore, based on the analysis model established in previous research, this study has proposed an equation for calculating the effective compressive strengths of the corner, exterior and isolated columns without any confinement effects of the slab. In addition, axial loading tests of isolated columns were conducted and the proposed equation was verified.

폐경기 여성에서 1년간 호르몬 대치 요법이 혈청 지질에 미치는 영향

이해혁,남계현,김승형,이임순,이권해,최승도 순천향의학연구소 1997 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.3 No.2

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common cause of death in postmenopausal women. After the onset of menopause, the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased. Several risk factors of cardiovascular disease are well known to us. Among the risk factors, the changes of lipid profiles are roles for cardiovascular disease. Estrogen appears to protect the development of cardiovascular disease, by several mechanism. Especially the protective effect is believed to be mediated by the changes of lipid profiles. Decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and increased low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol are important factors for development of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy on the lipid profiles to include total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol, and triglycerides. We measured lipid profiles in 31 postmenopausal women and gave each conjugated equine estrogen (CEE, 0.625mg, day 1-30) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, 5mg, day 1-12) for 12months. The levels of serum TC, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were decreased significantly (p<0.05) and HDL-cholesterol was increased significantly (p<0.05) after 12months of hormone replacement therapy. These data suggest that hormone replacement therapy appears to protect agianst the development of cardiovascular disease by the changes of lipid profiles.

한국어 교육학의 학문적 정체성 정립을 위한 연구 : 하위 학문 영역 구축을 위한 귀납적 접근

강승혜 연세대학교 한국어학당 2003 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.28 No.-

A great deal of studies on 'Korean as a Foreign Language Education' have been carried out to establish an academic field subset of Korean language education. Various topics about Korean Language Education have been discussed. However, very few studies has ever been discussed the identity of 'Studies of Korean Education as a Foreign Language'. This article analyses the identity and academic domains of Korean language Education as a Foreign Language by reviewing the research areas in Korean Language Education and analyzing the curriculum of 'Korean Language Education as a Foreign Language Course'. This all takes place in an effort to establish the academic sub-domains of 'Korean Education as a foreign Language' in the field of Korean Language Education studies.

성격유형과 직무스트레스 : 자율지향성과 관계지향성의 비교를 중심으로

김지혜,임승락,이동수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.5

연구목적 : 본 연구에서는 자율지향성(autonomy)과 관계지향성(sociotropy) 성격유형에 따른 직무스트레스 경험의 차이와 우울, 불안 및 신체와 증상과 같은 정신건강과의 관련성을 알아보았다. 방 법 : 사무직 직장인 348명을 대상으로 성격유형 척도, 직무스트레스 검사, 스트레스에 대한 인지적 평가 척도, Beck 우울 척도, Spielberger 상태불안 척도, 신체화 척도를 실시하였다. 자율지향성과 관계지향성 유형으로 구분한 후에 각 성격유형에 따라 직무스트레스의 경험이 어떻게 다른지를 알아보기 위해서 t검증을 실시하였고, 직무스트레스와 정신과적 증상의 관계를 확인하기 위해서는 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결 과 : 자율지향성은 성격유형은 관계지향성 성격유형에 비해서 전반적으로 높은 수준의 직무스트레스를 보고하고 있었는데, 책임감 척도를 제외하고 역할 과부하, 역할 불충분, 열할 모호성, 역할 경계, 물리적 환경 척도와 같이 직무 자체의 특성과 관련한 하위 영역에서 유의미하게 높은 수준의 스트레스를 보고하고 있었다. 성격유형에 따라 인지적 대처에 차이가 있는지를 비교한 결과, 자율지향성은 관계지향성에 비해 자신의 대처능력에 대한 지각은 차이가 없었지만, 스트레스 사건의 위협도를 더 높게 평가하고 있었고, 이에 따라서 우울, 불안 및 신체화 증상과 같은 정신과적 증상과의 관련성에서도 차이가 있었다. 결 론 : 자율지향성 성격유형에게는 자신의 '자율성'과'독립성'에 위협이 되는 직무 자체의 구조적 특성이 스트레스의 중요 원천이 되는 반면에 관계지향성 성격유형에게는 직무와 관련된 대인관계의 친밀성에 위협이 갈등이 스트레스의 원천으로 작용하여 정신건강에 부정적인 영향을 끼치게 될 수 있다. 따라서 이러한 성격적 특성을 따른 스트레스 관리 프로그램의 개발이 효과적일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Objective : The purposes of present study were to compare Autonomy with Sociotropy about the job stress experience and to explore the relationship between job stress and mental health. Methods : Three-hundred-forty-three workers participated and filled out the Personel Style Inventory(PSI), the Korean version of Occuparional Stress Inventory(K-OSI), the stress appraisal scale, the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), the Spielberger State-Trait Inventory(STAI) state anxiety scale, and the SCL-90-R Somatization scale. Results : Autonomy reported higher level job stress than Sociotropy. Except for the Res-ponsibility scale, Autonomy got higher scores on the Role Overload, the Role Insufficiency, the Role Ambiguity, the Role Boundary, the Physical Environment scale. Autonomy appraised their stressor more threatening than Sociotropy. Also, according to the Personality style, a series of multiple regression analysis showed somewhat different relationship among job stress, cognitive appraisal, psychiatric symptoms. Conclusions : From our results it was inferred that the contents of major job stressor could be differ according to the personality style. The job structure that are threat to the individual's autonomy and independence, could be a severe stressor to Autonomy. The interpersonal conflicts in working place that are threat to the interpersonal relatedness, could be a severe stressor to Sociotropy. So, we proposed that the individual personality style should be considered in the stress manage program.

휴믹산 수용액 상태에서의 Aroclor 1254의 광화학적 탈염소화 반응

신혜승,김재현 동덕여자대학교 2003 생활과학연구 Vol.8 No.-

Present work indicated that Aroclor 1254 degrades via indirect proteolysis initiated by humic acid(HA) in 1% acetonitrile water. It was observed that humic acid enhanced the photodegradation in NaOH occurred increasingly at higher pH than at low pH conditions. In this study, some of the dechlorinated products of the reaction were identified, however the peaks of hydroxylated compounds were unidentified. The photodegradation rates of Arclor 1254 depended on the increasing exposure time in the presence of humic acid, suggesting that the contribution of selected photo-generated reactive transient compounds and the reductive photodechlorination process were indicated. The results indicate that the main mechanism of this photochemical system is photodechlorination and a valuable method to decompose Aroclor 1254 efficiently in terms of waste treatment.

Paul Klee論 : 그 조형적 배면의 의의률 중심으로

金海成 釜山大學校 師範大學 1978 교사교육연구 Vol.5 No.2

Klee'.s art finds its fulfilment in the emblum of a spirit in, harmony with the world, looking deeply into the formal development of nature and higher process of its imagination, the two worlds-inside and outside are united in his art. We can light up the meaning of Klee's art from these following view points of three aspects. The first; The art of Klee is mysterical and metaphysical deep rooted with original Romanticism. It demands a philosophy of appearance and reality. His plastic language comprises many complex modern aspects which vyere impossible for us to define its general style. As though his plastic construction and formal language might be based on Modernism-Cubism, Expressionism, Surrealism etc, it meant beyond this dimention, because the mysterical meaning of something which can not be found in this world, always take its- place in his picture. As he calls his art'a metaphor of creation, his world in entirely invented, not imitated. He dreamed a I work of vast range, encompassing the whole realm of the elements of content and style. The second ; Klee,s art means always humoristic fantasy. The deep emanations of the unconscious, the grotesque and ironic suffering and death, all find a place in his canvas, these reads us the world of super reality or fantasy and the deep meditation. It means not excape world, but joyful world like children's world. His varied method of linear expression makes visible the other reality hiden back of appearance, this other reality means fantasy and fantasy is his real message, His unique contribution to art lies precisely in his persuasive power which his sensibility has with the physical material to hand: in the way he could make a blot or a stain embody his poetic fantasy. The third; Klee's art comprises genetical energies. His art is not a simple lable describing some events, but a creating forms. For him 'to paint’ is ‘to live'. He regarded tlie creative act as the bringing forth the rebirth out of himself of images which, long burried and transformed, sought release analogous to the creation of the cosmos. Like 'to paint* means 'to live,, for him, the work of art means microcosm, therefore the work of art itself has the universal energies of genesis.

감정노동종사자의 명리선천적 직업체질이 직업안녕감에 미치는 영향

함혜수 · 김기승 국제뇌교육종합대학원대학교 국학연구원 2017 선도문화 Vol.23 No.-

본 연구에서는 감정노동종사자의 명리선천적 직업체질과 직업안녕감의 관계에서 감정노동의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 직장형 및 사업형 체질특성이 직업안녕감에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 직장형 체질특성에 비해 사업형 체질특성이 직업안녕감에 상대적으로 긍정적인 영향을 더 많이 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 사업형 체질특성이 감정노동의 하위변인인 표면행위에 정(+)의 영향을, 직장형 체질특성이 표면행위에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 자유형 체질특성은 내면행위와 부(-)의 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났 다. 본격적인 매개효과에 관한 가설 검증에 들어가서, 표면행위는 사업형 체질특성과 직업안녕감의 관계에 대해 긍정적인 부분매개효과를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 다른 변인간의 관계에서는 표면행위가 매개효과를 보이지 않았다. 결국 사업형 체질특성은 외적인 표면행위에 적응적인 태도를 나타내어, 직업안녕감을 높인다는 점을 알 수 있으며, 이를 통해 감정노동에 따른 직무상 심리문제를 이해하여 효과적인 직업선택 및 심리적 중재를 할 수 있는 시사점을 얻었다.

건강증진을 위한 보건교육 프로그램 개발 : 노인교육을 중심으로

고승덕,김혜경,정혜경 협성대학교 2003 협성논총 Vol.15 No.-

쓰레기 매립지 가스포집관에 유출가스 계측에 관한 연구(1) : 유량계 계측오차의 최소화를 위한 해석

이해승,이찬기 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

This study presents a relationship between gas quantity and measurement resistance using the bubble meter, the water head indicator and the rotor meter from the gas vent sanitary landfill. From the onedimensional analyses and experiments, the below results have been obtained. The gas volume sourcing from the gas vent depends on the permeability of final cover soil, its cover depth and distance between the gas vents.'rho total gas volume producing in the interested domain may be accurately measured by the bubble meter, the water head indicator and the rotor meter if the clay is used for the final cover soil. The required times approaching to the steady-state are different with respect to the flow meters, one day is for the bubble meter and the water head indicator and tlne hour for the rotor meter.

Digital Imaging Fiber-Optic Trans-Illumination을 이용한 초기 법랑질 우식병소의 조기 진단

염혜웅,김종수,유승훈 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

치아 우식증의 발생과 관련된 분야에 대한 연구는 지난 20년간 활발히 진행되어 괄목할만한 발전을 이루었다. 그러나 치아 우식증의 원천적인 예방을 이루기 위해서는 보다 새로운 실험 장비와 기구를 이용한 다각적인 연구가 요구되며, 이러한 흐름에 부응하여 미국의 인디아나 치과대학을 중심으로 초기 법랑질 우식증에 관한 재조명이 집중적으로 이루어지고 있다. 또한 세계적으로 치과계의 지속적인 대민 교육과 홍보 및 불소화 사업 등의 우식 예방에 대한 노력과 구강 보건에 대한 대중의 인식 향상을 통해 치아 우식증이 감소하는 추세에 있으며, 이로 인해 치아 우식증이 기존의 교합면보다 인접면에서 더 많이 발견되는 추세로 변화되고 있다. 치아 우식증의 조기 진단을 목적으로 새로운 진단 장비들이 속속 개발되고 있으며 이미 성능의 우수성이 실험실 연구를 통해 입증된 바 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 초기 인접면 우식증의 진단에 있어 새로 개발된 DIFOTI^(TM) 시스템의 효능을 기존의 방법인 사진 및 교익방사선사진과 비교 평가하고, 임상 적용시의 문제점을 파악하여 차후 DIFOTI^(TM) 시스템 개발에 필요한 개선안을 제시함과 아울러 치아 우식증의 예방 및 불소를 이용한 초기 우식증 재광화 방법에 대한 기초 연구 자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 학동기 연령에 있는 유치 탈락 시기에 근접한 것으로 기대되는 23명의 아동을 대상으로 구강 검진 2회, 구치부 교익 방사선 필름 판독 2회 그리고 전치부 및 구치부 DIFOTI^(TM) 이미지 판독 2회를 실시하고 각 방법에 대한 신뢰도 평가를 시행한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 구강 검진시 검사자간 신뢰도는 교합면에서 평균 0.8470으로 가장 높았으며, 근심면 평균 0.6430 원심면 평균 0.5727, 설면 평균 0.2807 그리고 협면 평균 0.2339 순으로 나타났다. 구치부에 국한시킨 경우 교합면에서는 평균 0.8577이었으며, 원심면 평균 0.8211, 설면 평균 0.7728, 협면 평균 0.7152, 근심면 평균 0.6782 순으로 나타났다. 2. 구치부 교익 방사선 사진 판독 결과에 대한 검사자간 신뢰도는 교합면 평균 0.8346, 근심면 평균 0.8675, 원심면 평균 0.8482 순으로 나타났다. 3. DIFOTI^(TM) 이미지 판독 결과에 대한 검사자간 신뢰도는 교합면 평균 0.8437, 협면 평균 8379, 근심면 평균 0.8223, 설면 평균 0.7766, 원심면 평균 0.6781 순으로 나타났다. 4. 치아 우식증 진단율을 비교한 결과 교합면, 협면, 설면에서는 DIFOTI^(TM) 이미지 판독이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.05), 근심면과 원심면에서는 방사선 판독이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). Over the past 20 years, great strides have been made in research regarding the mechanisms involved in the progression of carious lesions, but new equipment and research tools need to be developed to continue these advancements in caries research. Various methods have been applied to reduce the incidence of carious lesions, which have led to a significant decrease in the number of occlusal caries, but a concurrent increase in the proportion of proximal carious lesions. New diagnostic equipment has been developed to detect early stage carious lesions, and these have demonstrated excellent laboratory results and show promise in clinical applications. The research presented here examines the efficacy of the newly developed DIFOTI^(TM) system in detecting proximal carious lesions compared to traditional intraoral exam and bitewing radiography, possible problems or deficiencies of using the system in clinic, possible improvements that can be made to the system, and the efficacy of detecting early, reversible carious lesions that can be remineralized by preventative fluoride applications. The subject pool consisted of 23 grammer school age patients just prior to entering the mixed dentition phase. Each patient was given a thorough oral examination, radiographic examination consisting of bitewing radiographs of the posterior teeth, and DIFOTIR examination of the anterior and posterior teeth. Each examination was carried out two times by two examiners, and the data were statistically analyzed. The results are as follows: 1. The mean alpha value of reliability test of the visual oral examination was as follows: occlusal surface was 0.8470, mesial surface was 0.6430, distal surface was 0.5727, lingual surface was 0.2807 and distal surface was 0.2339. When the examination was limited to posterior teeth, the mean alpha value was as follows: occlusal surface was 0.8577, distal surface was 0.8211, lingual surface was 0.7728, buccal surface was 0.7152 and mesial surface was 0.6782. 2. The alpha value of reliability test of the radiographic analysis of carious lesions of the occlusal, mesial, and distal surfaces was 0.8500. 3. The alpha value of reliability test of the DIFOTI^(TM) diagnostic analysis of carious lesions of the occlusal, buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal surfaces was determined to be 0.7917. 4. The DIFOTI^(TM) diagnostic system was found to be the most accurate means of detecting occlusal, buccal, and lingual surface carious lesions (p<0.05), while mesial and distal proximal carious lesions were most accurately assessed using bitewing radiography (p<0.05).