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김미란,기선호,배현주,장우현,박선양,최강원 대한감염학회 1995 감염 Vol.27 No.4
목적:쯔쯔가무시질환시 생기는 전신혈액응고장애의 병인 기전이 rickettsia의 침투에 의한 혈관내피세포의 손상, 그에 따른 tissue factor의 발현, 뒤이은 tissue type plasminogen activator(tPA)의 분비와 보상기전으로 type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI-1)이 분비되는 과정으로 생각하고 이를 보고자 연구를 시행하였다. 방법:체외배양한 혈관내피세포에 순수분리한 Rickettsia tsutsugamushi를 감염시킨후 상층액에서 ELISA법으로 tPA와 PAI-1을 측정하였고 혈관내피세포 단층배양에서 면역형광법으로 tissue factor를 측정하였으며 PAI-1 유전자의 발현을 확인하고자 Northern blot analysis로 PAI-1 mRNA를 확인하였다. 결과: 1) PAI-1 R. tsutsugamushi를 감염시킨후 24시간에 가장 높은 농도를 보이며 그 증가량은 정상대조군에 비해 2.5배에서 4.7배까지 증가 하였다. 2) R. tsutsugamushi를 감염시킨후 혈관내피세포에서 분비되는 tPA의 분비는 정상대조군에 비해 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3) Northern blot analysis에 의한 PAI-1 mRNA의 발현 검색 결과 정상대조군에 비해 R. tsutsugamush가 감염된 혈관내피세포에서는 PAI-1의 발현이 2.5배 정도 증가하였다. 4) 혈관내피세포 단층배양에 R. tsutsugamushi를 감염시킨후 24시간에 tissue factor단일클론 항체와 FITC-conjugated anti mouse IgG를 이용한 간접 면역형광항체법으로 tissue factor를 측정한 결과 혈관내피세포 표면에서 tissue factor의 존재를 확인할 수 있었다. 결론:단층배양한 혈관내피세포에 R. tsutsugamushi를 감염시켰을 때 tissue factor가 발현되었고 PAI-1의 분비가 증가하여 24시간에 가장 많이 분비되었다. 그러나 tPA의 분비는 정상대조군에 비해 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. Nothern blot analysis를 통한 PAI-1 mRNA의 발현 검색 결과 PAI-1이 새로이 생성되어 분비됨을 확인하였다. Background:Tissue type plasminogen activator(tPA), type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and von Willebrand factor are known to be released into the sera of patients in disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC). The main pathologic mechanism of tsutsugamushi disease is the vasculitis by direct endothelial cell invasion by R. tsutsugamushi which dosen't have endotoxin. It is suspected that the mechanisms of DIC and activation of plasminogen activation system are different from those of sepsis by other organisms. which is caused by endotoxin. We suspect that direct rickettsial invasion of endothelial cells causes endothelial cell damage, tissue factor release, which is followed by DIC, and tPA and PAI-1 are released as compensatory mechanism. Methods:We cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical cord vein, infected them with purified R. tsutsugamushi Gilliam strain, checked tPA and PAI-1 by ELISA in culture supernatant. Then we observed the tissue factor expression on cultured endothelial cell monolayer by indirect IF stain. PAI-1 gene expression was evaluated by northern blot analysis. Results: 1) PAI-1 level showed gradual increase up to 240ng/ml (2.5-4.7 fold increase) in 24 hours. 2) tPA level showed no significant change with time. 3) PAI-1 gene expression increased 2.5 fold by northern blot analysis. 4) Tissue factor was expressed on the endothelial cells infected with R. tsutsugamushi. Conclusion: R. tsutsugamushi infection induces expression of tissue factor on endothelial cells and PAI-1 synthesis and it would contribute to DIC mechanism in tsutsugamushi disease in part. But it has no direct effect on tPA release.
Lee, S.W.,Yun, M.H.,Jeong, S.W.,In, C.H.,Kim, J.Y.,Seo, M.H.,Pai, C.M.,Kim, S.O. Elsevier Science Publishers 2011 Journal of controlled release Vol.155 No.2
Nanoxel-PM(TM), docetaxel-loaded methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(d,l-lactide) (mPEG-PDLLA) micellar formulation was prepared in an effort to develop alternative, less toxic and efficacious Tween 80-free docetaxel formulation, and its pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and toxicity were evaluated in comparison with Taxotere(R) in preclinical studies. The mean diameter of the Nanoxel-PM(TM) was 10-50nm and the polydispersity of samples exhibited a narrow size distribution and monodisperse unimodal pattern. Pharmacokinetic study in mice, rats and beagle dogs revealed that Nanoxel-PM(TM) exhibited similar pharmacokinetic profiles (C<SUB>max</SUB>, AUC, t<SUB>1/2</SUB>, CL, V<SUB>ss</SUB>) to Taxotere, and the relative mean AUC<SUB>t</SUB> and C<SUB>max</SUB> of Nanoxel-PM(TM) to Taxotere(R) were within 80-120%. Furthermore, excretion study in rats demonstrated that there was no statistically significant difference in the amount excreted in feces or urine as an unmetabolized docetaxel between Nanoxel-PM(TM) and Taxotere(R). Its pharmacokinetic bioequivalence resulted in comparable anti-tumor efficacy to Taxotere(R) in human lung cancer xenografts H-460 in nude mice as well as in lung, ovary and breast cancer cell lines. Several animal toxicity studies on Nanoxel-PM(TM) compared with Taxotere(R) were carried out. In single dose rat and dog model and repeated dose mouse model, both Nanoxel-PM(TM) and Taxotere(R) exhibited similar toxic effects on hematology and body weight gain. On the other hand, vehicle related hypersensitivity reactions and fluid retentions were not observed when Nanoxel-PM(TM) was administered, unlike Taxotere(R), in the beagle dog study. Based on these results, it is expected that Nanoxel-PM(TM) can reduce side effects of hypersensitivity reactions and fluid retention while retaining antitumor efficacy in cancer patients. Currently, Nanoxel-PM(TM) is under evaluation for bioequivalence with Taxotere(R) in a multi-center, open-label, randomized, crossover study.
Epidemiology of group B streptococcus in Korean pregnant women
LEE, B. K.,SONG, Y. R.,KIM, M. Y.,YANG, J. H.,SHIN, J. H.,SEO, Y. S.,OH, K. Y.,YOON, H. R.,PAI, S. Y.,FOXMAN, B.,KI, M. Cambridge University Press 2010 Epidemiology and infection Vol.138 No.2
<B>SUMMARY</B><P>Between January 2006 and May 2008, 2624 pregnant S. Korean women between 35-37 weeks gestation were screened for group B streptococcus (GBS). Resistance to antimicrobials was tested by disk diffusion and serotype determined using co-agglutination assays and microarray methods. Overall, 8% of pregnant women were colonized. Serotype III was the predominant serotype (43·8%), followed by serotypes V (20·3%), Ia (12·1%), and Ib (9·5%). GBS was frequently resistant to clindamycin (54·0%) and erythromycin (25·6%); 3·7% were resistant to cefazolin. More than three-quarters of serotype V were resistant to clindamycin or erythromycin or both, and 71% of serotype III were resistant to clindamycin but only 12% were resistant to erythromycin. GBS prevalence exceeded earlier reports by one-third. This is the first report of cefazolin resistance in Korea. These results underscore the need to establish screening measures and chemoprophylaxis guidelines regarding GBS infections in Korea.</P>
가스크로마토그래피를 이용한 산업장 공기중 혼합유기용제 농도의 동시정량분석에 의한 환경감시
이종태,문덕환,이헌,곽문석,김대환,배기택,이채언 大韓産業醫學會 1995 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.7 No.2
Environmental monitoring by measuring the air concentration of solvent mixtures should be the most useful method in the exposure assessment. But the solvent mixtures in air can be difficult to measure. In order to improve the method for air measurements of solvents, the author developed a simultaneous determination method for mixtures of 23 solvents using gaschromatography. And also for the purpose of assessing occupational exposure to solvent mixtures, the author applied this method to measure the air concentrations of solvent mixtures in industrial setting. The best condition of this method was 35℃ -150℃ for column temperature, 250℃ for detector and injector temperature with capillary OV-1 column at 0.2kg/㎠ if inlet pressure. And The recovery rates were 90% and over for 16 organic solvents including toluene and 70% and less for 4 organic solvents including ethanol. In raw materials(adhesives, diluents) of 3 industrial settings(paint manufacturing industry, chemical products industry & fishing products industry), the major components was aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, o-, m-, p-xylene), and the number of detected items among 23 solvents were 4-16. The Cn/Nn-value(2.02) at one unit of adhesives developing department in chemical products industry exceeded permissible exposure limit(1), and Cn/Nn-values demonstrated a remarkable range(Cn/Nn-values were 0.04-2.02 for charcoal tube and 0.02-0.68 for passive sampler).
Rui Azevedo Guerreiro,Paula Fazendas,Ana Rita Pereira,Ana Marques,João Pais,Sofia Alegria,Kisa Hyde Congo,Ana Catarina Gomes,João Carvalho,Gonçalo Morgado,Inês Cruz,Ana Rita Almeida,Isabel João,Hélder 한국심초음파학회 2020 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.28 No.2
BACKGROUND: Stress echocardiography has a 72%–85% sensitivity and an 80%–95% specificity. In this study, we characterized patients who received a false-positive stress echocardiogram result. METHODS: A total of 5,256 patients underwent a stress echocardiogram (induced by exercise, dobutamine, or dipyridamole) between 2009 to 2018, and 405 patients (7.7%) received a positive result. Among the positive patients, 300 underwent coronary angiography within 12 months, and these patients were included in this study (mean age = 64.9 ± 9.4 years, 230 men [76.7%]). Coronary artery disease was diagnosed by stenosis ≥50% in any epicardial coronary artery. Clinical and echocardiographic variables were compared between patients with true- and false-positive stress echocardiogram results. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients (24%) had a false-positive stress echocardiogram, with similar rates across stressor types (p = 0.574). Patients with false positives were less frequently men (63.9% vs. 80.7%, p = 0.003), had lower diabetes mellitus prevalence (15.3% vs. 45.6%, p = 0.001), were similar to true positive patients with regard to body-mass index, arterial hypertension prevalence, hyperlipidemia and smoking, and had lower pre-test probability of coronary artery disease (23% vs. 32%, p = 0.016). The wall motion score index (WMSI) was higher in the true-positive stress group, and wall motion abnormalities were more frequent in the apical segments (70.5% vs. 56.7%, p = 0.034). In a multivariable predictive model, men (odds ratio [OR] = 2.994), diabetes (OR = 5.440), and peak WMSI (OR = 10.690) were associated with a true-positive result. CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-four percent of our study population received a false-positive stress echocardiogram result, with similar rates across stressor types. Patients with true-positive stress echocardiogram results are more likely to be men, diabetic, and have a high peak WMSI.