Green algae dominance quickly switches to cyanobacteria dominance after nutrient enrichment in greenhouse with high temperature

Xiaodong Wang,Xingguo Liu1,Boqiang Qin,Zhaojun Gu,Hao Xu,Hao Zhu,Guofeng Cheng,Huang Liu 한국생태학회 2015 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.38 No.3

In order to understand the mechanisms of conversion between different algal dominance, an experiment was performed in a greenhouse from 22 June to 10 July 2011. The experiment included a treatment group subjected to three instances of nutrient enrichment and a control with no nutrient enrichment. The initial water was dominated by Ankistrodesmus of Chlorophyta. The average water temperature at 08:30 h and 14:00 h during the experiment was 31.6°C and 34.6°C, respec¬tively. The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in the treatment were significantly higher than in the control (P < 0.05). However, the TN/TP and DTN/DTP in the control was higher than in the treatment (P < 0.05). The dominant algae in the control did not change during the experiment, while the dominant algae in the treat¬ment switched to Planktothrix of Cyanophyta on day 9. The chlorophyll a (Chl-a), wet weight of all algae, wet weight of Cyanophyta, and percentage of Cyanophyta in the control were all significantly lower than in the treatment (P < 0.05). Amounts of zooplankton, especially rotifers, were present at the end of the experimental period. The density of rotifers between the control and treatment was not significantly different (P > 0.05), while the copepod density in the treatment was higher than in the control (P < 0.05). We conclude that green algae dominance quickly switches to cyanobacteria dominance after nutrient enrichment in a greenhouse with elevated temperature

A Novel Torque Ripple Suppression Scheme of Switched Reluctance Motors Based on Unipolar Sinusoidal Current Excitation

Liu Jian,Wang Guofeng,Liu Di,Fan Yunsheng,Sheng Linhao 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.4

This paper presents a novel control strategy for switched reluctance motors under unipolar sinusoidal excitation to minimize torque ripple at medium and low speeds. This strategy focuses on enhancing both the accuracy of the conversion process and the performance of current tracking. For the conversion scheme, a modifi ed back propagation neural network that considers the magnetic saturation characteristic is proposed. The lightweight network structure of this conversion allows for seamless integration into the unipolar sinusoidal excitation strategy, enabling fast and accurate online calculation of the q-axis current. Additionally, to improve the current tracking capability, an improved predictive current controller is designed, with a Luenberger disturbance observer incorporated to address predictive model mismatch. The stability of the system is proven in the discrete-time domain using the Jury criterion. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can eff ectively suppress both torque ripple and disturbances, achieving good overall performance.

THE RESEARCH OF THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES ON THE GREEN CONSUMER BEHAVIOR

Qiaolian Cheng,Kexin Liu,,Ruijin Zhang,Guofeng Li,Jingjing Wang 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

There may be not direct path from the psychological selection by the customers to the green behavior owing to the complexity of the green consumption. The specific mode of action still needs being further researched. This paper will research the specific path and mechanism of customer’s green consumption based on VBN theory. Based on a survey of Chinese respondents, environment values bring indirect influence to green customer behavior through individual belief or subjective norm intermediately. However, there are different paths from value to behavior. One path is that egoistic value-subjective norm-green customer behavior while another path is that altruistic value-environment beliefs-subjective norm-green customer behavior which really fits into previous research of VBN theory.

Study on surface defects in milling Inconel 718 super alloy

Liu Chang,Ren Chengzu,Wang Guofeng,Yang Yinwei,Zhang Lu 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.4

Nickel-based alloys have been extensively used as critical components in aerospace industry, especially in the key section of aeroengine. In general, these sections are manufactured by milling process because most of them have complex forms. However, surfacedefects appear frequently in milling due to periodic impact force, which leads to the deterioration of the fatigue life. We conducted millingexperiments under different cutting conditions and found that four kinds of defects, i.e., tear, cavity, build up edge (BUE) and groove,commonly appear on the machined surface. Based on the observed results, the morphology and generation regime of these defects areanalyzed and the carbide particle cracking is discussed to explain the appearance of the nickel alloy defects. To study the effect of thecutting parameters on the severity of these surface defects, two qualitative indicators, which are named as average number of the defectsper field and average area ratio of the defects per field, are presented and the influence laws are summarized based on the results correspondingly. This study is helpful for understanding the generation mechanism of the surface defects during milling process of nickelbased super alloy.

Analysis of Vertical Temperature Difference of the Low-Speed Maglev Steel Girder Based on Measured Data

Mingbo Liu,Feng Ye,Guofeng Zeng,Junhu Gong 한국강구조학회 2022 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.22 No.6

Track irregularity is strictly controlled in low-speed maglev system. Vertical defl ection due to vertical temperature diff erence is one of the important factors in track irregularity, which should be considered in structural design. In the fi eld of low-speed maglev, few researches have been developed directly about the measurement of temperature and corresponding eff ect. In this paper, the surface temperature and defl ection of a steel box girder in the low-speed maglev experimental line in Shanghai have been measured for several months. Measured surface temperature data are decomposed into temperature trend and fl uctuating part with wavelet based MRA and the former is highly relevant with local climatic. In the analysis of probability distribution characteristics of the vertical temperature diff erence, three weighted probability models are compared, and the weighted sum model of one Weibull distribution and one normal distribution is appropriate, based on which the standard values of the temperature diff erence with 50-year return period are derived. To determine the correlation between the temperature diff erence and defl ection, scatter plots of equivalent linear temperature diff erence obtained by defl ection and measured temperature diff erence were fi tted, and the results shows an approximate linear relationship.

Green algae dominance quickly switches to cyanobacteria dominance after nutrient enrichment in greenhouse with high temperature

Wang, Xiaodong,Liu, Xingguo,Qin, Boqiang,Gu, Zhaojun,Wu, Zongfan,Xu, Hao,Zhu, Hao,Cheng, Guofeng,Liu, Huang The Ecological Society of Korea 2015 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.38 No.3

In order to understand the mechanisms of conversion between different algal dominance, an experiment was performed in a greenhouse from 22 June to 10 July 2011. The experiment included a treatment group subjected to three instances of nutrient enrichment and a control with no nutrient enrichment. The initial water was dominated by Ankistrodesmus of Chlorophyta. The average water temperature at 08:30 h and 14:00 h during the experiment was $31.6^{\circ}C$ and $34.6^{\circ}C$, respectively. The results showed that the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in the treatment were significantly higher than in the control (P < 0.05). However, the TN/TP and DTN/DTP in the control was higher than in the treatment (P < 0.05). The dominant algae in the control did not change during the experiment, while the dominant algae in the treatment switched to Planktothrix of Cyanophyta on day 9. The chlorophyll a (Chl-a), wet weight of all algae, wet weight of Cyanophyta, and percentage of Cyanophyta in the control were all significantly lower than in the treatment (P < 0.05). Amounts of zooplankton, especially rotifers, were present at the end of the experimental period. The density of rotifers between the control and treatment was not significantly different (P > 0.05), while the copepod density in the treatment was higher than in the control (P < 0.05). We conclude that green algae dominance quickly switches to cyanobacteria dominance after nutrient enrichment in a greenhouse with elevated temperature.

High sensitivity thermometry and optical heating Bi-function of Yb3+/Tm3+ Co-doped BaGd2ZnO5 phosphors

Zhen Sun,Guofeng Liu,Zuoling Fu,Xiangtong Zhang,Zhijian Wu,Yanling Wei 한국물리학회 2017 Current Applied Physics Vol.17 No.2

Yb3þ/Tm3þ co-doped BaGd2ZnO5 phosphors have been effectively synthesized by traditional sol-gel method. The graph of X-ray diffraction (XRD) exhibited that the obtained phosphors were pure orthorhombic phase. The morphology and composition of the samples were obtained by field emissionscanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and the energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). From upconversion luminance (UCL) emission spectra, the two strong blue emissions were obviously observed at 478 and 485 nm under the excitation of 980 nm. The possible energy diagram and UC mechanism were explained in detail. Optical temperature (T) sensing performances were evaluated in the temperature ranging 313 K - 573 K. And the highest sensor sensitivity calculated was 0.0055 K『1 at 323 K. Additionally, the laser excitation heating effect was also explored. The results indicated that Yb3þ/Tm3þ codoped BaGd2ZnO5 phosphors could be applied on optical temperature sensors and optical heater.

Estimation of Jointed Rock Mass Parameters Based on the Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion : A Case Study from the Underground Powerhouse of Baihetan Hydropower Station

( Zhiqiang Li ),( Guofeng Liu ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

Taking the columnar jointed basalt of Baihetan hydropower station which will be the second largest hydropower station in the world as a research object, this paper attempts to estimate the parameters of jointed rock mass with Hoek-Brown failure criterion. The parameters of H-B failure criterion, i.e. Geological Strength Index (GSI), uniaxial compressive strength (σci), the disturbance coefficient (D) and mi, can be obtained from the results of laboratory tests including uniaxial compression test and Brazilian splitting test, as well as in-situ tests such as single-hole acoustic wave, drilling for core and borehole camera. The main deformation and intensity parameters of rock mass are estimated before rock mass excavation. Flac3D numerical simulations are carried out with these parameters. The results of numerical simulation and field monitoring information of loose ring and deformation are contrasted. The effect of GSI, σci, D and mi on loose ring and deformation are analyzed with the single factor sensitivity analysis method. The influence of the range of GSI on the results of rock mass parameters estimation is discussed. Some conclusions we can get from the research. Firstly, the numerical simulation results are in agreement with the field information more than 80%, showing that the parameters of the cylindrical jointed rock mass can be better reflected by the H-B failure criterion. Secondly, the sensitivity of H-B parameters on loose ring and deformation from high to low are GSI, σci, D and mi. This study can provide important support for the stability analysis of Baihetan hydropower station.

Nitroso-hemoglobin Increased the Color Stability and Inhibited the Pathogenic Bacteria in a Minced Beef Model: A Combined Low-field NMR Study

Hammad HHM,Meihu Ma,Guofeng Jin,Yongguo Jin,Ibrahim Khalifa,Qi Zeng,Yuanyuan Liu 한국축산식품학회 2019 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.39 No.5

This study mainly investigated the improvement effect of nitroso-hemoglobin (NO-Hb) and four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Streptococcus thermophiles, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, and Montessori enterococcus) on the color and microbiological qualities of raw beef. Three strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas were used as pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that both NO-Hb and LAB could enhance the color stability and scavenged the spoilage bacteria in a minced beef model. But the improvement effect of NO-Hb was more significant than LAB. This suggested that NO-Hb, as a novel ingredient, could be used as a promising substitute for nitrite in meat products to improve the color and safety of meat products. In addition, low field (LF)-NMR method has been established to be practicable to identify changes in the relaxation times of water and fat caused by different type of bacteria and the storage periods. The number of relaxation components in minced beef was affected by bacteria and increase of the storage period.

INVESTOR RESPONSE TO FOOD NUTRITION LABELING REGULATION IN CHINA

Peng Zou,Qiaolian Cheng,Guofeng Li,Yan Liu 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

Product labels are one way for advertisers to provide information to purchasers on product quality (Atkinson & Rosenthal, 2014). Label policies have been issued to promote information disclosure on food products in some developed countries. Recent years have also seen increasing attempts to promote healthy eating in emerging markets. In China, nutrition labels became mandatory under the nutrition labeling acts. The laws require nutrition information to be presented at the point of purchase as well as in establishments where food is prepared or consumed. Additionally, similar actions were taken by India (India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2011), Mercosur members and in South Africa (Brazilian Ministry of Health, 2012; Institute of Food Technologists [IFT], 2011). While nutritional labeling has received a lot of attention both in academia and from the press, some key gaps remain in the nutrition labeling literature. First, a great deal of marketing research has focused on consumer responses (e.g., Balasubramanian & Cole, 2002; Hieke & Taylor, 2012; Ippolito & Mathios, 1995; Parker & Lehmann, 2014; Shah, Bettman, Ubel, Keller, & Edell, 2014) and firm responses (e.g., Moorman 1998; Moorman, Du, & Mela, 2005; Moorman, Ferraro, & Huber, 2012) to nutrition labeling laws. Although stock market investors express greater interest in information about nutrition issues that can be integrated into financial analyses (Global Access to Nutrition Index [ATNI] Investor Statement, 2013), the issue of how standardized information requirements affect investors’ responses in financial markets has been understudied. As used here, standardized product-information disclosure refers to a requirement to present facts about firms’ offerings in a common format using uniform metrics (Moorman et al. 2012). Understanding the extent to which investors consider product information-disclosure polices when they make investment decisions is important because a company’s financial health is not only the ultimate measure for the success or failure of any strategic initiative (Luo & Bhattacharya, 2009), but also one of the most important measures of public policy effectiveness (Joshi & Hanssens, 2010; Srinivasan & Hanssens, 2009; Schwert, 1981). Moreover, urgent concerns have spilled over from the product market to the financial market (Chen, Ganesan, & Liu, 2009) due to the enormous economic costs and damage to firms’ reputations in product-harm crises (e. g., melamine contamination in several Chinese brands of infant milk powder) (Ngo, 2014). Another gap in the literature is how nutritional-labeling requirements affect emerging markets. In contrast to the situation in long-developed countries, emerging markets are subject to different pressures for food marketers and thus a distinctive environment surrounds the regulation of food product labeling. In China, food safety and quality is considered an urgent concern, and the issue has forced regulators and companies to take action (Yan, 2008). Unlike mature stock markets, the majority of investors in China are individuals (Chen, Li, & Shi, 2010). The Chinese markets are under-regulated and deficient in gathering and disseminating information to private or public organizations, and it is difficult for listed firms with insufficient records to form reputations (Singh et al., 2005). As a result, information asymmetry is accentuated and imperfect signals released from firms highly impact investor decisions. Thus, examining the effectiveness of labeling requirements in developing economies is important as is comparing these results to those found in more developed countries. Despite the importance of the issue in emerging markets, empirical work for investigating investor response to the public policy of nutrition labeling (Ghani, & Childs, 1999) or firms’ nutrition claim strategies (Cao & Yan, 2016) has been restricted in developed markets (e.g., the U.S.). Little is understood the changes in corporate financial performance because of regulations requiring product information disclosure in emerging markets. As a result of the pressures for consumer protection and regulation, it is increasingly important for policy makers to be able to understand the financial consequences of such regulation because of information disclosure policies (Moorman et al., 2005). Thus, an additional contribution of this study is to help better inform the policy debate in emerging markets. To fill these research gaps, we investigated the influence of the influx of standardized product information on the stock market. Specifically, we conducted an event study to examine the effect on firms’ stock values from the issuance of the food nutrition label acts (FNLAs) in China, a fast-growing emerging market. The acts require food manufacturers to provide standardized nutritional information on pre-packaged food labels. This study contributes to the marketing literature on the financial impact of regulation in emerging markets. In China, on the day the FNLA was issued, they were associated with positive abnormal stock returns of related firms. This result is contrary to the study by Ghani and Childs (1999) that reported that the NLEA passage showed a negative impact on firms’ stock prices. Second, the financial value from the issuance of regulations was strengthened by three marketing leverages—advertising, donations, and R&D. Finally, although Moorman et al. argued that the NLEA increased the number of small-share firms exiting the U.S. market (Moorman et al., 2005), we found that in the short term, large firms benefited less than small firms from product information disclosure in China’s stock market. These findings provide empirical evidence that regulatory controls create changes in shareholder wealth and provide an assessment of the financial market’s perceptions regarding the role of mandatory product- information disclosure in future corporate growth. In addition, evidence of the effects of regulatory changes on wealth is of significant value to policymakers and market participants as they evaluate the benefits and costs of information disclosure in emerging markets.