Initial development of wireless acoustic emission sensor Motes for civil infrastructure state monitoring

Grosse, Christian U.,Glaser, Steven D.,Kruger, Markus Techno-Press 2010 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.6 No.3

The structural state of a bridge is currently examined by visual inspection or by wired sensor techniques, which are relatively expensive, vulnerable to inclement conditions, and time consuming to undertake. In contrast, wireless sensor networks are easy to deploy and flexible in application so that the network can adjust to the individual structure. Different sensing techniques have been used with such networks, but the acoustic emission technique has rarely been utilized. With the use of acoustic emission (AE) techniques it is possible to detect internal structural damage, from cracks propagating during the routine use of a structure, e.g. breakage of prestressing wires. To date, AE data analysis techniques are not appropriate for the requirements of a wireless network due to the very exact time synchronization needed between multiple sensors, and power consumption issues. To unleash the power of the acoustic emission technique on large, extended structures, recording and local analysis techniques need better algorithms to handle and reduce the immense amount of data generated. Preliminary results from utilizing a new concept called Acoustic Emission Array Processing to locally reduce data to information are presented. Results show that the azimuthal location of a seismic source can be successfully identified, using an array of six to eight poor-quality AE sensors arranged in a circular array approximately 200 mm in diameter. AE beamforming only requires very fine time synchronization of the sensors within a single array, relative timing between sensors of $1{\mu}s$ can easily be performed by a single Mote servicing the array. The method concentrates the essence of six to eight extended waveforms into a single value to be sent through the wireless network, resulting in power savings by avoiding extended radio transmission.

The SPIZWURZ project – Experimental investigations and modeling of the behavior of hydrogen in zirconium alloys under long-term dry storage conditions

Grosse Mirco,Boldt Felix,Herm Michel,Roessger Conrado,Stuckert Juri,Weick Sarah,Nahm Daniel 한국원자력학회 2024 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.56 No.3

In order to investigate the occurring processes during long-term dry storage of spent fuel assemblies, a joined project called SPIZWURZ, between the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and the Gesellschaft für Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS), was started. Aim of the SPIZWURZ project is the determination and quantification of the influence of texture and elastic strain on diffusion and solubility of hydrogen in three different zirconium alloys used in western Europe during a long-term cooling transient (1 K/d) starting at 400 ◦C. The strain in the cladding of an irradiated spent fuel rod shall be measured. Models predicting the formation of radial oriented hydrides will be validated, improved, and implemented in the GRS fuel rod performance code TESPA-ROD. This paper describes the SPIZWURZ project and already obtained first results.

Carcinogenicity of fluoro-edenite, silicon carbide fibres and whiskers, and carbon nanotubes

Grosse, Yann,Loomis, Dana,Guyton, Kathryn Z,Lauby-Secretan, Bé,atrice,El Ghissassi, Fatiha,Bouvard, Vé,ronique,Benbrahim-Tallaa, Lamia,Guha, Neela,Scoccianti, Chiara,Mattock, Heidi,Straif, Elsevier 2014 The Lancet. Oncology Vol.15 No.13

Bihypercyclic bilinear mappings

Grosse-Erdmann, K.G.,Kim, S.G. Academic Press 2013 Journal of mathematical analysis and applications Vol.399 No.2

We propose a notion of orbit for bilinear mappings on Banach spaces. This then leads us to the concept of bihypercyclic bilinear mappings, that is, of bilinear mappings with a dense orbit. We provide some examples of such mappings, and we obtain some basic properties of bihypercyclicity. In our main result we show that every separable (real or complex) Banach space supports a bihypercyclic bilinear mapping. We also formulate some open problems.

INTERNATIONAL BANKS' PERFORMANCE: A FIVE-COUNTRY COMPARISON

Robert Grosse,Alan Gart People&Global Business Association 2001 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.6 No.2

This paper analyzes the competition among the world's largest banks during the past decade. It demonstrates the reasons why US-based banks have outperformed their British, German, Swiss, and Japanese rivals in terms of profitability and other performance measures. Three of the largest banks from each country are included in the data set, and a regression model shows that significant contributions to individual bank performance derive from positive factors such as greater efficiency, higher non-interest earnings, and higher home-country GDP growth, plus negative factors such as greater loan loss provisions, higher Tier 1 capital ratio, and larger bank size. The strategic direction and other key factors about each bank are discussed along with the statistical analysis.

Research Note : Gender Values in Vietnam-Between Confucianism, Communism, and Modernization

( Ingrid Grosse ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2015 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.3 No.2

It is regularly claimed that Communism and Confucianism shape gender-related norms, practices, and institutions in Vietnam. Some scholars emphasize the ongoing relevance of Confucian traditions, while others hold that Communist rule led to more gender-equal norms, practices, and institutions. By contrast, I suggest that broader socioeconomic modernization processes should be considered. I use data from the World Values Survey to investigate the question of the relative influence of Communism, Confucianism, and modernization processes on gender attitudes. The results show that modernization is a crucial factor in understanding gender attitudes, but that Communism and Confucianism likewise have an influence.

Initial development of wireless acoustic emission sensor Motes for civil infrastructure state monitoring

Christian U. Grosse,Steven D. Glaser,Markus Kruger 국제구조공학회 2010 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.6 No.3

The structural state of a bridge is currently examined by visual inspection or by wired sensor techniques, which are relatively expensive, vulnerable to inclement conditions, and time consuming to undertake. In contrast, wireless sensor networks are easy to deploy and flexible in application so that the network can adjust to the individual structure. Different sensing techniques have been used with such networks, but the acoustic emission technique has rarely been utilized. With the use of acoustic emission (AE) techniques it is possible to detect internal structural damage, from cracks propagating during the routine use of a structure, e.g. breakage of prestressing wires. To date, AE data analysis techniques are not appropriate for the requirements of a wireless network due to the very exact time synchronization needed between multiple sensors, and power consumption issues. To unleash the power of the acoustic emission technique on large, extended structures, recording and local analysis techniques need better algorithms to handle and reduce the immense amount of data generated. Preliminary results from utilizing a new concept called Acoustic Emission Array Processing to locally reduce data to information are presented. Results show that the azimuthal location of a seismic source can be successfully identified, using an array of six to eight poor-quality AE sensors arranged in a circular array approximately 200 mm in diameter. AE beamforming only requires very fine time synchronization of the sensors within a single array, relative timing between sensors of 1 ms can easily be performed by a single Mote servicing the array. The method concentrates the essence of six to eight extended waveforms into a single value to be sent through the wireless network, resulting in power savings by avoiding extended radio transmission.

Determinants of Participation in a Breast Cancer Screening Trial in Trivandrum District, India

Frie, Kirstin Grosse,Ramadas, Kunnambath,Anju, Gopan,Mathew, Beela Sara,Muwonge, Richard,Sauvaget, Catherine,Thara, Somanathan,Sankaranarayanan, Rengaswamy Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12

Background: Conspicuous differences in participation rates for breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE), and referral for further investigations have been observed indicating involvement of a number of different factors. This study analysed determinants for participation in different levels of the breast cancer screening process in Indian females. Materials and Methods: An intervention group of 52,011 women was interviewed in a breast cancer screening trial in Trivandrum district, India. In order to assess demographic, socio-economic, reproductive, and cancer-related determinants of participation in BSE, CBE, and referral, uni- and multi-variate logistic regression was employed. Results: Of the interviewed women, 23.2% reported practicing BSE, 96.8% had attended CBE, and 49.1% of 2,880 screen-positives attended referral. Results showed an influence of various determinants on participation; women who were currently not married or who had no family history of cancer were significantly less likely to attend the screening process at any level. Conclusions: Increasing awareness about breast cancer, early detection methods, and the advantages of early diagnoses among women, and their families, as well as health care workers offering social support, could help to increase participation over the entire screening process in India.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia in Children

Shi-Joon Yoo,Lars Grosse-Wortmann,Robert M. Hamilton 대한심장학회 2010 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.40 No.8

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D) is a genetically determined disease that progresses continuously from conception and throughout life. ARVC/D manifests predominantly in young adulthood. Early identification of the concealed cases in childhood is of utmost importance for the prevention of sudden cardiac death later in life. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely requested in patients with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of ARVC/D and in family members of the patients with ARVC/D. Although the utility of MRI in the assessment of ARVC/D is well recognized in adults, MRI is a low-yield test in children as the anatomical, histological, and functional changes are frequently subtle or not present in the early phase of the disease. MRI findings of ARVC/D include morphologic changes such as right ventricular dilatation, wall thinning, and aneurismal outpouchings, as well as abnormal tissue characteristics such as myocardial fibrosis and fatty infiltration, and functional abnormalities such as global ventricular dysfunction and regional wall motion abnormalities. Among these findings, regional wall motion abnormalities are the most reliable MRI findings both in children and adults, while myocardial fibrosis and fat infiltration are rarely seen in children. Therefore, an MRI protocol should be tailored according to the patient’s age and compliance, as well as the presence of other findings, instead of using the protocol that is used for adults. We propose that MRI in children with ARVC/D should focus on the detection of regional wall motion abnormalities and global ventricular function by using a cine imaging sequence and that the sequences for myocardial fat and late gadolinium enhancement of the myocardium are reserved for those who show abnormal findings at cine imaging. Importantly, MRI should be performed and interpreted by experienced examiners to reduce the number of false positive and false negative readings.

Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Storages in Permafrost-Affected Soils of Yedoma-Underlain Areas of the Lena River Delta

Sebastian Zubrzycki,Lars Kutzbach,Anne Morgenstern,Guido Grosse,Eva-Maria Pfeiffer 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6