대학생의 노인복지에 대한 인식도

차병준,김무룡,김기열,차경미,김귀희,김현실,서인선,임상규,이순자,위광복,남철현 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 1999 保健福祉硏究 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study is to grasp the change of consciousness of young people in order to seek new approach of policy for aged era. 1,200 students attending collages and universities in three small or medium sized cities were inquired for 2 months, from October 1 to November 30, 1996. The result is as follows. 1. The characteristic of the respondents of this survey is that they include 72.1% of women, 40.4% of people aged between 20 to 21, and 49.1% of people who do not have any religion. Those who are from big cities and those who are form farming villages or fishing village occupy equally 40.2%, those who reside in that cities for a long period 49.0%, and those who live with their family 60.9%. 2. The family feature of the subject is that 31.5% of them are those whose father is the age of 55 and more than 55, 10% of them are those whose mothers age is so, 33.1% of them have 5 family members, 29.5% of them have the family income of 1,000,000 to 1,490,000 won, 83.9% of them are from middle class, 47.7% of them are the people whose grand parents have passed away, 70.4% of them live apart from their grand parents, and 60.9% of them are second child. 3. 64.0% of males, 70% of respondents who are aged over 24, 58.1% of respondents who are from rural communities, 62.4% of respondents who live in rural area, and 58.3% of respondents who live alone, prefer to live with grand parents, marked higher rate than other groups. The groups whose father and mother are the age of more than 55 marked higher rate of 55.9% and 58% each than any other groups(p<0.05). The groups whose family member is less than three, whose grand parents both have passed away in middle class, who live with their grand parents, and who are second children, give more positive answers than any other groups. 4. Those who are older, who are buddhists, who are from rural area or live in rural area, whose family is small, whose family income is small, who are from lower class and whose grand parents are still alive, shows preference to support their parents after marriage. 5. Females(89.4%), those who are from small or medium sized cities(89%), who live with their family(85.6%), whose father is the age of 55 and more than 55, whose mother is the age of 54 and less than 54, whose family member is 6, who are from middle class, whose grandparents are still alive and who are the eldest child in their family, give more response that they prefer to live apart from their children in their old age than any other groups. 6. What elderly people need most right now is past time(42.3%), and the respondents whose age is 20 to 21, who are buddhists, who are from middle sized cities and live alone, whose parents are the age of more than 55, who have small family income, who live with their grand parents and who are second children show higher level than any other groups. 7. 76.8% of respondents answer that they do not need their parent's fortune, marked still higher rate than the opposite answer. Those who are older, who are buddhists, who are from big cities, who reside in rural area, who live alone and have smaller family, who are in bad family economic conditions and who live with grand parents present higher rate of positive response. 8. 59.3% of respondents reply that they think about death from time to time, and those who are female, who are in the age of 20 to 21, who are christian, who live with their family, whose siblings or other family members offer their education expenses show higher rate than any other groups. 9. 92.3% of respondents answer that the budget for welfare facility for elderly people is very small. The younger the respondents are and the worse economic condition they have among those who live in big cities, the more answered that. 10. 50% of respondents think social security should provide for their old age, and 42.8% of them believe they themselves provide against it. The respondence that social security ought provide for it appeared more among those whose age are over 24, who are female, who reside in rural area, who are christian, who are in bad economic condition, and who ever used medical institutions in recent one month, marked higher level than other groups. 11. The adequate time of retirement is 59.97±5.60 for public officers, the highest and 59.28±6.35 for teachers, the next. 12. 35.2% of respondents reply that the adequate budget for the old age after their retirement at the age of 60 is 220 million won, showed the highest level of respondence. 13. The factors which affect on the old people in the charged welfare facilities are sex(p<0.01), the type of housing(p<0.05) and whole family income(p<0.05). 14. The factors which affect on remarriage are sex(p<0.05) and religion(p<0.05). For varying old population and expanded welfare service for them, government and relevant authority should give more attention to secure the budget, establish effective plans to expand various program and the facilities for elderly people in order that elderly people spend the rest of life time more happily and more fruitfully. To do that, each college and university should open Health courses, and educate and inform about health and welfare.

일차 양측성 구순열의 일단계 재건에 대한 증례보고

임석균,이기혁,김영균,김수관,이병준,여환호,서재훈 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1996 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.18 No.3

Bilateral cleft lip reconstruction can be performed in one-or two-stages. The choice depends on the surgeon's proficiency and experience. However the type and severity of the cleft must be considered. Complete or incomplete symmetric, bilateral clefts in which the premaxilla is within the alveolar arch or slightly protruded can be successfully treated with simultaneous lip reconstruction on both sides. There are some advantages that one-stage lip reconstruction facilitates creation of a symmetric and balanced lip, retraction of protruding premaxilla and the parent's psychologic satisfaction. However, there are some disadvantages such as micrognathia of the upper jaw by severe scar formation and poor adaptation of flap margins by severe tension. The surgeon must be able to judge and exploit the advantages offered by one-stage approach. We present the case report of one-stage reconstruction of primary bilateral cleft lip with literature reviews.

국부적으로 집중질량을 가진 횡으로 진동하는 보의 공진 진동계수

김기만,임승관 金烏工科大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

The object of this study is to analyze the additional inertial effect caused by the local irregularity or the lumped mass being attached to the uniform beam. The additional masses are considered as a point mass and a locally distributed mass. The method of variation of parameters is employed to solve the response of the dynamic system. Dynamic response of beam is analyzed by physical features of the masses attached to the beam, Two edges of beam are assumed to be simply supported. The resonant frequency coefficients caused by harmonic force were evaluated as magnitudes and locations of additional masses. The dimensionless deflections of a beam are plotted versus length of beam at near the first resonant frequency.

장애 유아의 통합체육에 관한 유치원 교사의 태도 유형 분석

김기영,임경희 한국특수체육학회 2003 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.11 No.3

The purpose of this study is to find kindergarten teachers' diverse attitudes toward the inclusive physical education for the disabled children. In order to explore these attitudes, this study employed Q-methodology to analyze the subjectivity of people. The Q-population consisted of 142 statements, from which 31 Q-samples were selected. Each respondent was required to answer the Q-set(11-point scale) that would reveal his or her own attitude toward the inclusive physical education for the disabled children. To process the results of Q-sorting, the PQ method Program(ver. 2.09) was used. As the result of the analysis, the study found three major types of attitudes on the inclusive physical education for the disabled children. Three major types are as follows. (1) Realistic(Negative) type (type A), (2) Highly-optimistic type (type B), (3) Future-oriented type (type C)

우리나라 논 관개용 지하수 수질 특성

김진호,조광래,임수정,이경자,경기천,엄미정,김희권,김찬용,이영한,이신찬,윤순강 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.4

This study was carried out to evaluate the status of the groundwater quality for paddy fields irrigation in Korea. Water samples were collected at 130 sites throughout the country. Samples were collected at three seasons-April, July and October-in 2000. According to our survey, the groundwater was found to be suitable for irrigation purpose. Average EC was shown 0.286 dS/m. Nitrate-nitrogen and Cl^(-) concentration was 5.6 ㎎/L, 32.95 ㎎/L which satisfied the Korean Standards for Irrigation Water. Nitrate-nitrogen concentration in each province was shown as following orders: Jeju (11.17 ㎎/L) > Chungnam (8.16 ㎎/L) > Gyeongbuk (6.64 ㎎/L) > Gyounggi (5.91 ㎎/L) > Chungnam (4.95 ㎎/L) > Gyeongnam (3.91 mgk) > Jeonbuk (3.50 ㎎/L) > Jeonnam (3.27 ㎎/L) > Gangwon (2.91 ㎎/L). The concentration by sampling seasons were October (6.62 ㎎/L) > July (5.88 mg&) > April (4.78㎎/L). As the soil of Jeju Province is usually derived from volcanic ash soils mainly used for upland drops, it may influence the nitrate-nitrogen concentration of groundwater. The amount of rainfall also influence the water quality. But the COD_(Cr), were shown April (3.17㎎/L) > July (2.91 ㎎/L) > October (2.40 ㎎/L), it is highly related in the basal dose of organic matter fertilizers. This study demonstrated that groundwater quality was suitable for irrigation, but continuous monitoring is recommended for agricultural policy and developing OECD agricultural environment indicators.

대도시 지역주민의 흡연실태와 관련요인 분석

김기열,임상규,서인선,강창열,이병직,남철현,위광복 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 1997 保健福祉硏究 Vol.1 No.-

To collect basic data for deveoping education program for quitting smoking, 1200 subjects were selected randomly living in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu and suburban areas and interviewed about their smoking habits and attitudes from June 20 to July 20, 1997. The result of this study was summarized as follows: 1. In the general characterisics of subjects, the proportion of female was the higher(53.8%) than that of male. Among them, the portion of twenties was 46.6%. in level of educational background, the rate of college graduates was 45.2%, that of high school was 35.7%, that of middle school was 11.5%. The highest proportion by occupation was 38.9% of student. The next was 11.7% of technician, 10.1% of unemployed, 9.4% of office worker and 9.3% of salesman. 2. The proportion of the smokers among subjects was 34.3%. The portion of male smokers was 65.7%, that of female smokers was 7.3%, which had tendency to increased. At the rate of smoking by age, 47.6% in over fifties, 43.6% in forties and 38.7% in thirties were showed that the rate of smoking was the higher in the older age. 3. In the quantity of smoking cigarettes, the rate of one park of cigarettes per day was 52.7%, that of a half pack was 31.1% and that of over two 53.2% and that in female was 59.1% which was highest. 4. In smoking period, the rate of smokers for over 20 years was 29.7%, that for 1-4 years was 25.1% and that for 5-9 years was 20.9%. The variables of age, marital status, educational level and occupation were statistically significant(p<0.01). 5. In the intention of quitting smoking, 48.0% of subjects wanted to stop smoking, 33.4% of them wanted to reduce amounts of cigarettes and 82.8% fo them had positive intention to stop smoking, on the other side 18.6% of subjects did not have any intention to stop smoking. 6. The proportion of subjects who tried to stop smoking was 67.9%. By characteristics, the rate of 67.9% in male, 27.3% in female, 90.9% in under nineteens, 73.6% in married group 69.4% in lower social class, 77.8% in high school graduated and 72.3% in Buddist was the higher than that of other groups. 7. The proportion of subjects who succeeded in quitting smoking was 12.0%. By characteristics, the rate of 40.2% in male, 34.8% in over 50 years old, 19.7% in married group, 15.4% in lower social class, 13.9% in apartment resident, 15.7% in high school graduate and 17.1% in Buddist was the higher than that of other group. 8. In the reason of quitting smoking, 81.0% of subjects had quitted smoking for health, 6.0% of them for religion and 13.0% of them for others. By characteristics, the rate of reason for health was 83.5% in male, 100.0% in age of forties, 84.6% in lower social class. 9. In the affecting factors of quitting smoking, 40.7% of subjects was influenced on family which was the highest, 29.6% of them on health education, 14.8% of them on friend's recommandation, 9.9% of them on medical doctor's advice and 4.9% of them on campaign. By age, twenties was affected by friend, thirties by health education and forties by family. 10. The most affecting independent variable of smoking was sexuality (β=0.42055), age(β=0.25285), drinking (β=0.15425), marital status and health condition(R²=44.8%). These results were shown that education program for quitting smoking especially emphasized injurious to health should be continued in the unit of family, school, office and society, particularly education program for female should be strengthened.

관계형 데이터 베이스 관리시스템을 사용한 지식 베이스시스템 설계에 관한 연구

김형래,임기영 建國大學校 附設 産業技術硏究所 1991 논문집 Vol.16 No.-

This paper is described on an approach to string and manipulating Horn clause rules in a relational knowledge base (KB) system. We transformed into a relational table without a recourse to semantics and how their manipulation can be performed in the knowledge itself. The knowledge is held in the form of relations in the knowledge base that is consisted of tree types of tables; the decision table, the pridicate table and the term table. So we construct a knowledge base system for developing decision support systems of expert systems.

참깨의 器官培養에 따른 生長調節 物質의 影響

金翰琳,邊起煥 濟州大學校亞熱帶農業硏究所 1991 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.8 No.-

참깨의 育種 效率 增大를 爲하여 組織培養技術의 利用을 위한 基礎的 硏究로서 品種에 따른 部位別 칼루스 形成과 植物體 形成에 미치는 影響을 調査하였던 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 單獨處理에서는 NAA가 칼루스나 莖頂 및 根分化에서 IAA보다 優秀하였다. 2. MS 培地에 kinetin 2.0mg/ℓ 處理한 것에서 89%, NAA 0.5mg/ℓ 處理한 것에 完全 植物體 分化率은 62%로 가장 높았다. 3. Auxin系의混合 處理에서는 NAA와 kinetin 混合이 NAA와 BA 混合보다 完全 植物體 分化에 效果的이었으며 特히 NAA 0.5mg/ℓ와 kinetin 0.5mg/ℓ 混合 處理에서完全 植物體 分化率이91%로 가장 效果的이었다. 4. NAA와 kinetin 混合 處理時, NAA 濃度增加는 莖頂 分化를抑制하나 根分化에는 큰 影響을 미치지 않았다. 5. 生長調節物質의 混合 處理에서 NAA 0.5mg/ℓ, IAA 0.5mg/ℓ, kinetin 2.0mg/ℓ는 98%의 分化率을 보여 가장 效果的이었다. 6. 品種間 칼루스 形成은 단백깨에서 삼다 보다 높은 形成率을 보였다. This study was conducted to study the effect of NAA, IAA, 2.4-D, BA and kinetin on the organ culture from the cotyledon and hypocotyl in sesame. (Sesamum indicum L.) The results obtained are summarized as follows. In single treatment of NAA and IAA, NAA was better in shoot and root differentiation than IAA. Among the various hormones used, kinetin 2.0mg/ℓ was found to be the highest in shoot differentiation and NAA 0.5mg/ℓ in whole plant induction percentage. The whole plant induction percentages were 91% and 47% in the combinations of NAA 0.5mg/ℓ+kinetin 0.5mg/ℓ and NAA 0.5mg/ℓ+BA 0.5mg/ℓ respectively. Due to the interaction between NAA and kinetin, increase of NAA concentration reduced the shoot differentiation but did not influence the root differentiation significantly. The most desirable medium was the MS medium containing NAA 0.5mg/ℓ+IAA 0.5mg/ℓ+kinetin 2.0mg/ℓ. The whole plant induction percentage was 99% in this medium. Danbaeg was better for callus induction than Samda.

Metal Oxide Sensor Array를 이용한 사과와 귤의 신선도 분석

임향주,한도수,조성동,김기윤 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 2000 自然科學硏究 Vol.23 No.1

The Electronic Nose has been designed to provide objective and reproducible aroma discrimination on a wide variety to human nose. The sensor array in combination with sophisticated chemometrics and artificial neural network software provides the output displaying the closeness of difference in aroma patterns of different samples. As an application the system has been used to discriminate of the fresh and decomposing apples and oranges. The discrimination has been successfully demonstrated.

인쇄체 한글인식을 위한 MLP인식기의 인식결과 재추정 : Softmax 타당성 연구

임길택,김기석 경주대학교 정보전자기술연구소 2007 情報電子技術論叢 Vol.6 No.-

In this paper, we have studied on the feasibility of softmax method for MLP classifier which had been developed for the recognition of Type 1 machine printed Hangul character. When an MLP has been employed as a classifier, the softmax method has well known to be a proper method to obtain class a posteriori probability of the input character class. The recognition of postal address images is indispensable for the automatic sorting of postal envelopes. The process of the address image recognition is composed of three steps; address image preprocessing, character recognition, and finally address interpretation. The last address interpretation step is highly influenced by individual character recognition characteristics. For better envelope sorting rate, the character classifier should produce and forward proper results to the address interpretor. We have tested softmax and original method for reestimation of MLP classifier output values. To find out which method is more proper, we have utilized the character images of the real postal envelopes from the sorters in the post office. Through the experiments, we have seen that the original method produces better outputs for the address interpretor in terms of error and rejection for individual characters and non-characters.