유도심판규정의 변천과정에 관한 연구

조용철,이건휘 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 2003 武道硏究所誌 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study is to find out the process of change in the regulations for judgements in Judo game according to the division of the era. The study is to deal about how the process of change in the regulations for judgements conducts. Also, it is to find out the meaning abut the regulations for judgements of Judo Games. According to the division of the era, the first period was when Kanojigoro of Japan created the method that judges Judo free game in the operation of Kodokan techniques before consulting the regulations of authorized wrestling in 1930. The second period was when the regulations of Judo game were made with the help of the regulations of wrestling in 1930 and it was from the foundation of the International Judo Association in 1951 to before the choice with regular game in Olympic Games. The third period was when the regulations that judges Judo were reinforced since the choice in Olympic games. The regulations that judges Judo were settled and the time of the Judo game, the uniform, number, role of referees, the items of prohibition and the guidelines of scores were fixed in details. As mentioned above, the great change in regulations of Judo Games gave rise to the change of the new codified regulations in Kodokan in 1930's. In addition, before the foundation of the International Judo Association, the regulations made by the various kinds of organizations that held Judo game included the characteristic contents of them and since 1930's each organization such as Japanese police agency, Mudeokhoi and Kodokan made the similar game rules with one another. After the foundation of the International Judo Association, the regulations for judgements of Judo game were changed as the starting point many types of Olympics. Since 1996, Judo has established as a international game and the regulations for judgements of Judo game have reflected the impartiality of rules by being aware of audiences and TV hook up. Above all, since 1990's it has characterized by the enforcement of regulations for stronger judgements rather than the items of penalty regulations. As a result, the regulations for judgments of Judo game include impartiality of game operation, safety of players and absoluteness of referees' judgments. First, impartiality of game operation is that the practical regulations are the game rules for judgments in Judo game. Referees must judge in the game rules and prohibited techniques must be punished definitely and impartially right away. At this time, The translation of the regulations must not judge individually, and must be objective as soon as possible. Most of the regulations of the judgments consist of three referees considering the difficult tasks of referees. The threereferees consist of a referee and two judges. Two judges are placed to support a referee as they judge independently standing abetter location. The referee must accept the judgments of the judges without question and the final judgement made by three referees must be fair and accurate. Second, safety of players is close connected with Judo techniques. Also, we can know how safety of playershas developed by the change of prohibited techniques. Before 1990's players had to punish by using irregular techniques and uselimited techniques to protect the injury of the players. These change in the regulations for judgments include a great meaning in Judo game. Third, absoluteness of referees' judgments made for the right judgment and the consideration of audience and after 1990's the regulations for judgments included the details of penalty items. These seems to consider Judo modern sportscontrolled by audiences than self-training. Thus, the method for judgments in Judo game is suitable for the events and must keep the objective rules. These are satisfied with the esthetic demands of the audiences through the characteristics and the distinctive, lively shape of Judo. Therefore, in the future the facilities and regulations for judgements in Judo have to be suitable for thetechnical aspect. In terms of the sports Judo is required to various kinds of the development of regulations for judgements because of the demands of the spectators.

Selection and evaluation of mite pathogenic fungi against pest Tetranychus urticae and phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea

Hwi Geon Yun,Dong Jun Kim,Ji Hoon Lee,Ji In Ma,Won Seok Gwak,Soo Dong Woo 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, and gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea, are importantpest and plant disease. To control these, many people have been relied on chemical methods for a long time. However,their continuous use has resulted in resistance of pest and disease. To surmount or avoid these problems, we evaluatedantifungal activity of the selected fungi with high virulence to mite to explore the potential for the dual control of notonly T. urticae but also B. cinerea. To maximize the use of spores and cultural filtrates, the virulence to mite was evaluatedusing culture products, and effective culture condition was investigated against blastospore production and antifungal activity.Consequently, the 2 fungal isolate selected in this study were confirmed to have diverse potential and would be usedeffectively for dual control agents against the two-spotted spider mite and plant diseases

Entomopathogenic Fungi as Dual Control Agents against Both the Pest Myzus persicae and Phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea

( Hwi-geon Yun ),( Dong-jun Kim ),( Won-seok Gwak ),( Tae-young Shin ),( Soo-dong Wo ) 한국균학회 2017 Mycobiology Vol.45 No.3

The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), a plant pest, and gray mold disease, caused by Botrytis cinerea, affect vegetables and fruit crops all over the world. To control this aphid and mold, farmers typically rely on the use of chemical insecticides or fungicides. However, intensive use of these chemicals over many years has led to the development of resistance. To overcome this problem, there is a need to develop alternative control methods to suppress populations of this plant pest and pathogen. Recently, potential roles have been demonstrated for entomopathogenic fungi in endophytism, phytopathogen antagonism, plant growth promotion, and rhizosphere colonization. Here, the antifungal activities of selected fungi with high virulence against green peach aphids were tested to explore their potential for the dual control of B. cinerea and M. persicae. Antifungal activities against B. cinerea were evaluated by dual culture assays using both aerial conidia and cultural filtrates of entomopathogenic fungi. Two fungal isolates, Beauveria bassiana SD15 and Metarhizium anisopliae SD3, were identified as having both virulence against aphids and antifungal activity. The virulence of these isolates against aphids was further tested using cultural filtrates, blastospores, and aerial conidia. The most virulence was observed in the simultaneous treatment with blastospores and cultural filtrate. These results suggest that the two fungal isolates selected in this study could be used effectively for the dual control of green peach aphids and gray mold for crop protection.

Impact of cracked gas diffusion layer on performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Geon Hwi Kim,Dasol Kim,Jaeyeon Kim,Hyeok Kim,Taehyun Park 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.91 No.-

This paper reports the negative effect of the cracked gas diffusion layer (GDL) on the performance ofpolymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) under varyingflow channel width. The polarizationcharacteristics and the corresponding electrochemical impedance spectra of the PEMFCs with pristineGDLs and cracked GDLs were computed. The results showed that for PEMFCs with 1.0 mmflow channels,the power density rates of reduction between the PEMFCs with pristine GDLs and those with crackedGDLs were 2.8% under the condition of oxygen and 6.6% under the condition of air. On the other hand, forthe PEMFCs with 0.5 mmflow channels, these values were 10.3% under the oxygen condition and 14.2%under the air condition. This implies that the thinner theflow channels, the more severely the crackedGDLs influence the PEMFC performance in terms of concentration loss. The EIS data indicated that,compared to the PEMFCs with 1.0 mmflow channels, the cracks on GDLs had more impact on the PEMFCswith 0.5 mmflow channels with regard to activation overvoltage.

Ecological Characteristics and Damage of Maize Weevil and Indian Meal Moth

Geon-Hwi Lee,Chae-Hoon Paik,Man-Young Choi,Tae-Hwan Noh,Hyeong-Kwon Shim 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.05

Maize weevil (Sittophilus zeamais) and Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) are the dominant species among the stored grain insect pests of the rice grain and bran. This experiment was conducted to investigate developmental characteristic and damages of S. zeamais and P. interpunctella on the rice. Under five constant temperatures, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35℃, developmental periods from egg to adult of Sittophilus zeamais were 43.0, 36.4, 29.2, 20.8 and 16.3 days, respectively. With egg periods being 9.6, 7.3, 5.2, 3.2 and 2.6 days, and larval periods being 25.2, 22.6, 19.8, 14.5 and 11.3 days, and adult periods being 129.3, 116.1, 108.6, 89.2 and 73.3 days, respectively. Damages of S. zeamais adult at 15, 20, 25 and 30℃ were 67.2, 96.2, 134.0 and 174.5 for 24hr on the rice. Damages of P. interpunctella larval 15, 20, 25 and 30℃ were 56.2, 78.3, 109.4 and 138.7 for 24hr on the rice. The duration of maximum occurrence were June to August for S. zeamais, late May to early August for P. interpunctella.

Effects of Aged Black Ginger and Natural Plants Composites on Serum Lipids Improvement in Rats Fed a High-Fat and Cholesterol Diet

Hwi Geon Cheon,Hun Hwan Kim,Kyung Tae Chung,Sung Hee Kim,Nak Ju Sung 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2018 No.10

Effect of stress state and Temperature on the kinetics of martensitic phase transformation in TRIP steel

Hwi-Geon Kim(김휘건),Jinwoo Lee(이진우),Frederic Barlat,Myoung-Gyu Lee(이명규) 한국자동차공학회 2014 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.5

Comparative Evaluation of Conidia, Blastospores and Culture Filtrates from Entomopathogenic Fungi against Tetranychus urticae

( Hwi-geon Yun ),( Dong-jun Kim ),( Ji-hoon Lee ),( Ji-in Ma ),( Won-seok Gwak ),( Soo-dong Woo ) 한국잠사학회 2017 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.35 No.1

The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae ) has sustained damage on more than 200 host plants worldwide. Many farmers have relied on chemical acaricides to control mite, but the abuse of acaricides has caused serious resistance to mite. To overcome this problem, microbial control using entomopathogenic fungi have been studied. Entomopathogenic fungi have been an important role against the control of pest, and most of their culture products have been demonstrated to have virulence against pest population. In this study, we evaluated and compared the virulence of culture filtrates, aerial conidia and blastospores of selected Metarhizium anisopliae 4-2 and Beauveria bassiana 2R-3-3-1, respectively, among two-spotted spider mite-pathogenic fungi. As a result, the virulence was confirmed in all treatments, and the accumulated mortality rates were between 77 and 100% within 7 days. Especially, treatment with the fungal culture filtrate alone exhibited quite high virulence, and combined treatment with aerial conidia or blastospores enhanced activity. However, the median lethal time of treatments was not significantly different. When two isolates were compared, M. anisopliae 4-2 showed higher virulence than B. bassiana 2R-3-3-1. These results suggest that the selected two fungal isolates and their culture products could be used effectively for the control of two-spotted spider mite.

Characterization and Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Fungi against Myzus persicae and Phytopathogens

Hwi Geon Yun,Dong Jun Kim,Jong Min Oh,Ji Hoon Lee,Won Seok Gwak,Soo Dong Woo 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.04

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, is one of the most important pests of vegetable crops worldwide. This species cause direct damage by feeding on plant nutrients and indirect damage as transmits many virus vectors. The control of aphid has relied on the use of chemical insecticides and their intensive use over many years has led to the development of resistance. To surmount or avoid these problems, we screened the entomopathogenic fungi against green peach aphid and evaluated their virulences. Several entomopathogenic fungal isolates were selected with high virulence to green peach aphid. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of the selected fungal isolates was tested and analyzed to phytopathogens. Consequently, these entomopathogenic fungi would be used effectively for dual control agents for the green peach aphid and phytopathogen.

Simultaneous control both of Tetranychus urticae (Two-spotted spider mite) and plant pathogens using entomopathogenic fungi

Hwi Geon Yun,Dong Jun kim,In Hui Kim,Won Seok Gwak,Soo Dong Woo 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is one of the most important pests of crops. However, chemical acaricides are not always effective and their continuous use has resulted in resistance among two-spotted spider mite populations. To reduce or replace use of chemical acaricides, the entomopathogenic fungi having acaricidal activity were investigated. As results, 12 isolates could be selected from 342 isolates of fungi against two-spotted spider mite. To show the multiple roles of entomopathogenic fungi against plant pathogen, the antimicrobial activity of selected 12 isolates were evaluated to plant pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum and fungus Botrytis cinerea. Various antimicrobial activities were observed against these plant pathogens. Consequently, these entomopathogenic fungi would be offered an alternative for dual control agents against the two-spotted spider mite and plant diseases.