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Coupled Model Simulation of Wind Stress Effect on Far Wakes of Ships in SAR Images
Fujimura, Atsushi,Soloviev, Alexander,Shin Hyung Rhee,Romeiser, Roland IEEE 2016 IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing Vol.54 No.5
<P>A high-resolution 3-D hydrodynamic model capable of simulating far wakes of ships has been implemented using computational fluid dynamics software. We feed the surface velocity field produced by the hydrodynamic model into a numerical radar imaging model to simulate synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signatures of the wake. Potential capabilities of this modeling method are demonstrated for an example of wind stress effects on the centerline (turbulent) ship wake. The numerical simulations show that an interaction of the wind-induced surface current with circulations in the ship wake results in a convergence zone on the upwind side of the centerline wake and a divergence zone on the downwind side. In the simulated radar image, the convergence zone appears to be bright because of enhanced surface roughness and radar backscattering. The divergence zone looks dark due to an attenuation of short gravity capillary waves and a corresponding reduction of the backscattered power. This combined hydrodynamic and radar imaging model predicts an asymmetry of the centerline wake with respect to the wind direction, which is consistent with observed ship wake signatures in high-resolution satellite SAR images. The approach developed in this work could be also useful for simulations of other natural and artificial fine-scale features on the sea surface (sharp frontal interfaces, freshwater plumes, etc.) and their interpretation in high-resolution SAR imagery.</P>
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Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Disease : A Recent Update
Fujimura, Miki,Tominaga, Teiji The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2019 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.62 No.2
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a progressive cerebrovascular disease with unknown etiology, characterized by bilateral steno-occlusive changes at the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery and an abnormal vascular network formation at the base of the brain. MMD has an intrinsic nature to convert the vascular supply for the brain from internal carotid (IC) system to the external carotid (EC) system, as indicated by Suzuki's angiographic staging. Insufficiency of this 'IC-EC conversion system' could result not only in cerebral ischemia, but also in intracranial hemorrhage from inadequate collateral anastomosis, both of which represent the clinical manifestation of MMD. Surgical revascularization prevents cerebral ischemic attack by improving cerebral blood flow, and recent evidence further suggests that extracranial-intracranial bypass could powerfully reduce the risk of re-bleeding in MMD patients with posterior hemorrhage, who were known to have extremely high re-bleeding risk. Although the exact mechanism underlying the hemorrhagic presentation in MMD is undetermined, most recent angiographic analysis revealed the characteristic angio-architecture related to high re-bleeding risk, such as the extension and dilatation of choroidal collaterals and posterior cerebral artery involvement. We sought to update the current management strategy for hemorrhagic MMD, including the outcome of surgical revascularization for hemorrhagic MMD in our institute. Further investigations will clarify the optimal surgical strategy to prevent hemorrhagic manifestation in patients with MMD.
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Women's Lifelong Learning and Empowerment in Japan
FUJIMURA-FANSELOW, Kumiko 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 2004 여성의 평생학습과 임파워먼트 : 한국·노르웨이·미국·일본 Vol.2004 No.
In this paper I would like, first of all, to offer some insights gained from our research into the question of the ways in which pursuit of lifelong learning among Japanese women door do not contribute toward the attainment of various outcomes that are associated with the concept of empowerment. My comments will be based primarily on the results of the NWEC survey conducted among students and also interviews of students and faculty/administrators at three Japanese universities E University, a women's private four-year university located outside of Tokyo, P University, a women's private four-year women's university in the Osaka area, and S University, a private coeducational four-year university in Tokyo which has both a day and evening division, and also the survey results obtained from women enrolled in learning programs offered at women's centers. I will also be referring to data obtained from my own study of adult women students and graduates from my university. I will make the argument, first of all, that in terms of enhancing women's personal development and personal enrichment for example, acquiring the ability to think more critically, expanding general knowledge and perspective, or becoming motivated to pursue further learning, the experience of engaging in lifelong learning certainly seems to have a very positive impact on Japanese women. The second point I will be making is that achievement of personal empowerment, in the sense of gaining greater self-confidence or the ability to reflect critically on oneself and one's surroundings, often becomes reflected in a positive way in other aspects of a woman's life. One respect in which it does so is in terms of how a woman comes to view her relationship with her spouse/partner and other family members and how they, in turn, come to view and relate to her. When we look at the impact of lifelong learning in terms of promoting Japanese women's participation and advancement in the workplace, however, the verdict is much less positive. Reasons for this include employment practices based on lifetime employment and seniority, gender segregation in the workplace, age discrimination, and the persistence of traditional attitudes regarding gender roles, especially among older Japanese men. Reflecting on the issue of lifelong learning and its impact on women's empowerment in the workplace, I would like to propose that even though the experience of undertaking learning for adult women may not directly or immediately lead to the realization of career-related goals, it is important to give due recognition to the fact that pursuit of learning can, and often does, Play a very significant indirect role in helping women advance along the path toward achieving those goals by laying an important foundation or groundwork. Thus, for example, in the case of women enrolled in universities, exposure to a variety of disciplines may lead them to discover an area of work or study they had not considered before and motivate them to undertake further study or to go into a different line of work. Or, Perhaps, a woman who takes a course in gender issues at a women's center and as a result comes to question the division of gender roles in her own family, may become emboldened to enlist the cooperation of her husband and children in performing household chores, thereby allowing her to have more time to engage in further learning related to some hobby or to obtain some type of work-related qualification. I would emphasize, therefore, the importance of looking at the relationship between pursuit of lifelong learning and career development as well as other forms of empowerment in this broader sense and over a longer span of time. In teaching university students and also in working with adult learners at various learning facilities and conducting training workshops and seminars for those who are responsible for planning and carrying out adult learning programs, my concern has been to explore and develop teaching/learning practices and strategies that are congruent with the goals of promoting learners' empowerment as well as sensitivity toward issues concerning gender. I would like to share some of the my thoughts on these matters as well in this paper.
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Measurement of Micro-Elasticity within a Fertilized Egg by Using Brillouin Scattering Spectroscopy
Yoshihiko Fujimura,H. Kondoh,M. Inoue,S. Kinoshita 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.51 No.2I
We have measured the internal elasticity of a zebrafish egg during cleavage by using Brillouin scattering spectroscopy. We have found that the elasticity in the embryo is rather constant in spite of the large morphological change. The result suggests that the functional change in F-actin network at the surface also controls the cytokinesis inside the cell.
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Genetics and Biomarkers of Moyamoya Disease: Significance of RNF213 as a Susceptibility Gene
Miki Fujimura,Shinya Sonobe,Yasuo Nishijima,Kuniyasu Niizuma,Hiroyuki Sakata,Shigeo Kure,Teiji Tominaga 대한뇌졸중학회 2014 Journal of stroke Vol.16 No.2
Moyamoya disease is characterized by a progressive stenosis at the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery and an abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain. Although its etiology is still unknown, recent genome-wide and locus-specific association studies identified RNF213 as an important susceptibility gene of moyamoya disease among East Asian population. A polymorphism in c.14576G>A in RNF213 was identified in 95% of familial patients with moyamoya disease and 79% of sporadic cases, and patients having this polymorphism were found to have significantly earlier disease onset and a more severe form of moyamoya disease, such as the presentation of cerebral infarction and posterior cerebral artery stenosis. The exact mechanism by which the RNF213 abnormality relates to moyamoya disease remains unknown, while recent reports using genetically engineered mice lacking RNF213 by homologous recombination provide new insight for the pathogenesis of this rare entity. Regarding biomarkers of moyamoya disease, moyamoya disease is characterized by an increased expression of angiogenic factors and pro-inflammatory molecules such as vascular endothelial growth factors and matrix metalloproteinase-9, which may partly explain its clinical manifestations of the pathologic angiogenesis, spontaneous hemorrhage, and higher incidence of cerebral hyperperfusion after revascularization surgery. More recently, blockade of these pro-inflammatory molecules during perioperative period is attempted to reduce the potential risk of surgical complication including cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome. In this review article, we focus on the genetics and biomarkers of moyamoya disease, and sought to discuss their clinical implication.
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