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Determination of the optical depth of a DI diesel spray
Francisco Payri,Jose Vicente Pastor,Raul Payri,Julien Manin 대한기계학회 2011 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.25 No.1
The optical depth is responsible of limiting the optical diagnostic using visible wavelength in the sprays. This paper proposes to measure the optical depth directly in a real Diesel spray through line-of-sight laser extinction measurements. This easily reproducible method which does not require expensive or complex optical techniques is detailed and the measurement procedure is presented in this paper. As diesel sprays are mostly optically thick, the measurements in the denser region are not reliable and a fuel concentration model has been used to derive the results to the entire spray. This work provides values of SMD at different distance from the nozzle tip depending on the specific parameters like injection pressure or discharge density. The values extracted from a combined experimental/computational approach have been compared to PDPA measurements under the same testing conditions. The results have shown that the maximum optical depth was higher than 10 and that an increase of the injection pressure led to higher τ values. The SMD values appeared to be below the results measured by the PDPA and the droplet diameter showed to be the main responsible of the optical depth of the jet under the tested conditions.
A Bayesian cure rate model with dispersion induced by discrete frailty
Cancho, Vicente G.,Zavaleta, Katherine E.C.,Macera, Marcia A.C.,Suzuki, Adriano K.,Louzada, Francisco The Korean Statistical Society 2018 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.25 No.5
In this paper, we propose extending proportional hazards frailty models to allow a discrete distribution for the frailty variable. Having zero frailty can be interpreted as being immune or cured. Thus, we develop a new survival model induced by discrete frailty with zero-inflated power series distribution, which can account for overdispersion. This proposal also allows for a realistic description of non-risk individuals, since individuals cured due to intrinsic factors (immunes) are modeled by a deterministic fraction of zero-risk while those cured due to an intervention are modeled by a random fraction. We put the proposed model in a Bayesian framework and use a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for the computation of posterior distribution. A simulation study is conducted to assess the proposed model and the computation algorithm. We also discuss model selection based on pseudo-Bayes factors as well as developing case influence diagnostics for the joint posterior distribution through ${\psi}-divergence$ measures. The motivating cutaneous melanoma data is analyzed for illustration purposes.
Cure rate proportional odds models with spatial frailties for interval-censored data
Yiqi, Bao,Cancho, Vicente Garibay,Louzada, Francisco,Suzuki, Adriano Kamimura The Korean Statistical Society 2017 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.24 No.6
This paper presents proportional odds cure models to allow spatial correlations by including spatial frailty in the interval censored data setting. Parametric cure rate models with independent and dependent spatial frailties are proposed and compared. Our approach enables different underlying activation mechanisms that lead to the event of interest; in addition, the number of competing causes which may be responsible for the occurrence of the event of interest follows a Geometric distribution. Markov chain Monte Carlo method is used in a Bayesian framework for inferential purposes. For model comparison some Bayesian criteria were used. An influence diagnostic analysis was conducted to detect possible influential or extreme observations that may cause distortions on the results of the analysis. Finally, the proposed models are applied for the analysis of a real data set on smoking cessation. The results of the application show that the parametric cure model with frailties under the first activation scheme has better findings.
SKH-1 마우스 모델을 이용한 로즈마리와 시트러스 혼합추출물의 피부 광보호 효과
함영주 ( Young Joo Ham ),빈센트오르테가 ( Vicente V. Ortega ),프란시스코호세코메즈 ( Francisco Jose Gomez ),옵둘리오베나벤트가르카 ( Obdulio Benavente Garcia ),줄리안카스티요산체스 ( Julian Castillo Sanchez ),민은설 ( Eun Seol Min ) 대한미용학회(구 대한미용과학회) 2015 대한미용학회지 Vol.11 No.4
The continuous exposure of ultraviolet (UV) rays associated with sunlight has been known to have harmful effects on the human body including hyperpigmentation, photoaging, and skin cancer. There are many different ways to protect skin against harmful effects of UV radiation. A combination of rosemary and citrus bioflavonoids extracts was reported to inhibit the harmful effects of UV irradiation on human HaCaT keratinocytes and also it inhibited the harmful effect on the human volunteers following oral administration. Here, in vivo experiments were carried out to determine the capacity of orally administered rosemary and citrus bioflavonoids extracts to inhibit skin photocarcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice. For this study, animals were placed into two groups: UV irradiation (control group) and UV irradiation+drinking water containing rosemary extract and citrus extract (ratio 1 : 1) at a dose of 1 mg/day (treatment group). For UV irradiation, animals were placed in PVC cages with individual separator for each mouse and with a metallic lattice cover; the each cage was then placed under the UV light lamp at a light-bulb/skin distance of 20 cm. Irradiation events were conducted for 70 minutes per session, three times per week, until the end of the experiments (80 sessions). Four out of ten animals in the treatment group were developed into the lesions on the skin, and the final size of the lesions was comparably smaller than those developed in the control group. The lesions were keratinous nodules without ulceration, telangiectasias,induration or infiltration. The rosemary and citrus bioflavonoids extracts showed that it may decrease the incidence of skin photocarcinogenesis, and may be considered as a dietary supplement for the alleviation or prevention of skin photocarcinogenesis.