The combination of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone at permitted feed concentrations causes serious physiological effects in young pigs

Feng Chen,Yulin Ma,Chunyi Xue,Jingyun Ma,Qingmei Xie,Genhu Wang,Yingzuo Bi,Yongchang Cao 대한수의학회 2008 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.9 No.1

This study was to investigate the effects of the combination of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) on pigs. Twenty-four weaning piglets were divided into a control group fed a diet free of mycotoxins and a toxin group fed a diet containing 1 mg/kg DON and 250 μg/kg ZON. The results showed that supplementation of DON and ZON in diets had extensive effects on pigs. More specifically, DON and ZON caused levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin in sera to decrease (p < 0.05) by 14.5%, 6.5% and 11.3%, respectively, and at the same time increased (p < 0.05) the serum enzyme activities of γ-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase by 72.0%, 32.6% and 36.6%, respectively. In addition, DON and ZON decreased (p < 0.05) the level of anticlassical swine fever antibody titers by 14.8%. Real-time PCR showed that DON and ZON caused the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, to decrease (p < 0.05) by 36.0%, 29.0% and 35.4%, respectively. Histopathological studies demonstrated that DON and ZON caused abnormalities in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, uterus, and kidney. The concentrations of DON and ZON used in this study are in line with the published critical values permitted by BML. Our study clearly put the standard and adequacy of safety measures for these toxins into question. The authors suggest that with the increasing availability of cellular and molecular technologies, it is time to revisit the safety standards for toxins in feeds so as to make feeds safer, providing consumers with safer products. This study was to investigate the effects of the combination of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) on pigs. Twenty-four weaning piglets were divided into a control group fed a diet free of mycotoxins and a toxin group fed a diet containing 1 mg/kg DON and 250 μg/kg ZON. The results showed that supplementation of DON and ZON in diets had extensive effects on pigs. More specifically, DON and ZON caused levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin in sera to decrease (p < 0.05) by 14.5%, 6.5% and 11.3%, respectively, and at the same time increased (p < 0.05) the serum enzyme activities of γ-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase by 72.0%, 32.6% and 36.6%, respectively. In addition, DON and ZON decreased (p < 0.05) the level of anticlassical swine fever antibody titers by 14.8%. Real-time PCR showed that DON and ZON caused the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, to decrease (p < 0.05) by 36.0%, 29.0% and 35.4%, respectively. Histopathological studies demonstrated that DON and ZON caused abnormalities in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, uterus, and kidney. The concentrations of DON and ZON used in this study are in line with the published critical values permitted by BML. Our study clearly put the standard and adequacy of safety measures for these toxins into question. The authors suggest that with the increasing availability of cellular and molecular technologies, it is time to revisit the safety standards for toxins in feeds so as to make feeds safer, providing consumers with safer products.

A novel M2e-multiple antigenic peptide providing heterologous protection in mice

Feng Wen,Ji-Hong Ma,Hai Yu,Fu-Ru Yang,Meng Huang,Yan-Jun Zhou,Ze-Jun Li,Xiu-Hui Wang,Guo-Xin Li,Yi-Feng Jiang,Wu Tong,Guangzhi Tong 대한수의학회 2016 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.17 No.1

Swine influenza viruses (SwIVs) cause considerable morbidity and mortality in domestic pigs, resulting in a significant economic burden. Moreover, pigs have been considered to be a possible mixing vessel in which novel strains loom. Here, we developed and evaluated a novel M2e-multiple antigenic peptide (M2e-MAP) as a supplemental antigen for inactivated H3N2 vaccine to provide cross-protection against two main subtypes of SwIVs, H1N1 and H3N2. The novel tetra-branched MAP was constructed by fusing four copies of M2e to one copy of foreign T helper cell epitopes. A high-yield reassortant H3N2 virus was generated by plasmid based reverse genetics. The efficacy of the novel H3N2 inactivated vaccines with or without M2e-MAP supplementation was evaluated in a mouse model. M2e-MAP conjugated vaccine induced strong antibody responses in mice. Complete protection against the heterologous swine H1N1 virus was observed in mice vaccinated with M2e-MAP combined vaccine. Moreover, this novel peptide confers protection against lethal challenge of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1). Taken together, our results suggest the combined immunization of reassortant inactivated H3N2 vaccine and the novel M2e-MAP provided cross-protection against swine and human viruses and may serve as a promising approach for influenza vaccine development.

Screening and Selection of Medium Components by Plackett-Burman Design for Improved Production of Rifamycin B by Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699

Feng Xu Ma,Jung Hun Kim,Sung Bae Kim,Yang-Gon Seo,Chang-Joon Kim 한국생물공학회 2007 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.4

The Production Characteristics of Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699 in Bioreactor Culture Using Optimal Medium

Feng Xu Ma,Jung Hun Kim,Sung Bae Kim,He Li,Chang-Joon Kim 한국생물공학회 2007 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.10

Ginseng saponin enriched in Rh1 and Rg2 ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting inflammasome activation

Feng Wang,JeongSu Park,Hwan Ma,Gyu-rim Lee,Yeojin Lee,Yuanqiang Ma,Yoon-Seok Roh 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

NAFLD is becoming one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world. One of the features of NAFLD is fat accumulation in the liver, which increased hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation. Several different saponins have been identified as the major pharmacologically active ingredients isolated from Panax notoginseng. The most important compounds of saponins are ginsenosides. However, the ginsenoside-specific molecular mechanism of the Saponin has not been known in NAFLD. The mouse NAFLD model was established by feeding with Fast food diet for 16 weeks and treated with Saponin (50 or 150mg / kg) for the last 9 weeks. Saponin extract treatment reversed the FFD-induced elevation in the expression levels of lipogenesis-related genes, including fatty acid synthase (FASN) and MLX-interacting protein-like (MLXIPL), to the levels in NCD-fed mice. Surprisingly, the weight and size of the liver was significantly attenuated in the low- or high-dose saponin extract administered groups, compared with the vehicle group. Saponin contains a significantly increased amount of ginsenosides (Rh1 and Rg2). However, in vitro treatment Rh1 and Rg2 exerted anti-steatosis effect in primary hepatocytes by enhancing mRNA expression of fatty acid oxidation and decreasing lipogenesis related mRNA expression. In addition, saponin extract treatment reduced the FFD-induced collagen deposition according to the Sirius Red staining results as well as significantly decreased the mRNA levels of various fibrosis-related genes in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, ginsenosides Rh1 and Rg2 significantly alleviated the elevated expression of inflammatory genes induced by LPS treatment and FFD administration. Furthermore, ginsenosides Rh1 and Rg2 alleviated NLRP3 inflammasome activation by promoting mitophagy. In conclusion, Saponin inhibited the activation of inflammasome in macrophages, which in turn prevents NAFLD development. Thus, the administration of Saponin might be an alternative for the prevention of NAFLD.

CMX inhibits inflammation and cell proliferation via the regulation of JAK/STAT signaling in macrophages and keratinocytes

Ma Yuanqiang,Jeong su Park,Wang Feng,Hwan Ma,Gyu rim Lee,Yeo jin Lee,Yoon-seok Roh 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

Psoriasis, a chronic inflammation-mediated skin disease, affects 2-3% of the total populations in the world. It is characterized by keratinocytes hyperproliferation and immune cell infiltration. The JAK/STAT3 and JAK/STAT1 signaling pathways triggered by IL-6 and IFN- γ from dendritic cell and T lymphocytes, play important roles in psoriasis. Thus, blockade of JAK/STAT signaling will be potential strategy in psoriasis. CMX, an extract of Centipeda minima enriched in Brevilin A, Arnicolide D, Arnicolide C, and Microhelenin C which have already been reported in anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, antiallergy, and suppression of proliferation. We established chronic inflammatory and cell proliferating models in macrophages and keratinocytes with LPS (250ng/mL), rh-IL-6 (10ng/mL), or rh-IFN-γ (10ng/mL) to evaluate the effect of CMX. CCK-8 was used for cell proliferation assay, and the protein and RNA were collected and analyzed by western blot and RT-qPCR. We found that CMX inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines production by inhibiting LPS-induced JAK1/2 and STAT1/3 phosphorylation in macrophages. Moreover, CMX down-regulated chemokines and cell proliferation in HaCaT cell induced by rh-IL-6 and rh-IFN-γ, respectively. Consistently, we demonstrated that reduction of chemokines expression and hyperproliferation was medicated by the regulation of IFN-γ-activated JAK/STAT1 and IL-6-activated JAK/STAT3 signaling. In conclusion, CMX inhibited JAK/STAT-mediated inflammatory responses and cell proliferation in macrophages and keratinocytes, consequently CMX may improve psoriasis development as an important therapeutic approach.

Exploring Coffee Shop Environment Design Through the Lens of User's Five-Sensory Experience

Feng Ma,김철수 사단법인 한국융합기술연구학회 2024 아시아태평양융합연구교류논문지 Vol.10 No.2

In the era of the experience economy, to satisfy consumers' spiritual and sensory needs, scholarly attention has turned towards "sensory engineering" which emphasizes the measurement of the human five senses, transforming them into data factors for rational analysis. Sensory engineering has important implications in the experience economy, which has evolved with the increased emphasis on services. It is closely related to the experience economy as it emphasizes adding value to products and services by optimizing the user's sensory experience.The primary goal of this study is to explore the creation of thematic coffee space atmospheres that meet user experiential needs, focusing on the five senses. To achieve this, a combined quantitative-qualitative research design was employed for an in-depth analysis.This study through case analysis, affirms the manifestation and role of the five-sensory experience in cafe spaces. Additionally, it utilizes qualitative analysis to effectively measure customer satisfaction and its correlation with five types of sensory experiences. The adoption of this method aims to accurately capture consumers' perceptions of the cafe environment and provide specific recommendations for enhancing the consumer experience in cafes. Ultimately, this study analyzes the relationship between sensory experiences and spatial design, quantifying the importance of five types of sensory experiences in spatial design. It provides concrete validation for the theory of sensory experiences in spatial design. These findings enrich the theoretical content of sensory experiences and can guide new trends in themed cafe design, as well as direct future directions in spatial design.

Novel Cationic 2-Phenylpyridine-based Iridium(III) Complexes Bearing an Ancillary Phosphine Ligand: Synthesis, Photophysics and Crystal Structure

Ma, Ai-Feng,Seo, Hoe-Joo,Jin, Sung-Ho,Yoon, Ung-Chan,Hyun, Myeong-Ho,Kang, Sung-Kwon,Kim, Young-Inn Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.11

Three novel phosphorescent 2-phenylpyridine-based iridium(III) complexes, $[(ppy)_2Ir(P\^{}N)]PF6\;(1),\;[(dfppy)_2Ir(P\^{}N)]PF_6$ (2), and $[(dfmppy)_2 Ir(P\^{}N)]PF6$ (3), where $P\^{}N$ = 2-[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]pyridine (dppmp), were synthesized and characterized. The absorption, photoluminescence, cyclic voltammetry and thermal stability of the complexes were investigated. The complexes showed bright blue luminescences at wavelengths of 448 $\sim$ 500 nm at room temperature in $CHCl_3$ and revealed that the $\pi$-acceptor ability of the phosphorous atom in the ancillary dppmp ligand plays an important role in tuning emission color resulting in a blue-shift emission. The single crystal structure of $[(dfmppy))_2Ir(P\^N)]PF_6$ was determined using X-ray crystallography. The iridium metal center adopts a distorted octahedral structure coordinated to two dfmppy and one dppmp ligand, showing cis C-C and trans N-N chelate dispositions. There is a $\pi-\pi$ overlap between π electrons delocalized in the difluorophenyl rings.

Dominant genera of cyanobacteria in Lake Taihu and their relationships with environmental factors

Lijun Feng,Shiyou Liu,Wenxian Wu,Jiawen Ma,Pei Li,Hailing Xu,Na Li,Yaoyu Feng 한국미생물학회 2016 The journal of microbiology Vol.54 No.7

Cyanobacterial blooms in freshwaters have become one of the most widespread of environmental problems and threaten water resources worldwide. Previous studies on cyanobacteria in Lake Taihu often collected samples from one site (like Meiliang Bay or Zhushan Bay) and focused on the variation in patterns or abundance of Microcystis during the blooming season. However, the distribution of cyanobacteria in Lake Taihu shows differing pattern in various seasons. In this study, water samples were collected monthly for one year at five sites in Lake Taihu with different trophic status and a physicochemical analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were conducted. DGGE fingerprint analysis showed that Microcystis (7/35 bands) and Synechococcus (12/35 bands) were the two most dominant genera present during the study period at all five sites. Cyanobium (3/35 bands) was the third most common genus which has seldom been previously reported in Lake Taihu. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the cyanobacterial community structure was significantly correlated with NO3 --N, CODMn, and NH4 +-N in the winter and spring, whereas it was correlated with water temperature in the summer and autumn. Limiting the nutrient input (especially of N and C loading) in Lake Taihu would be a key factor in controlling the growth of different genera of cyanobacteria.

Novel Cationic 2-Phenylpyridine-based Iridium(III) Complexes Bearing an Ancillary Phosphine Ligand: Synthesis, Photophysics and Crystal Structure

Ai-Feng Ma,Hoe-Joo Seo,진성호,윤웅찬,현명호,강성권,김영인 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.11

Three novel phosphorescent 2-phenylpyridine-based iridium(III) complexes, [(ppy)2Ir(P^N)]PF6 (1), [(dfppy)2Ir(P^N)] PF6 (2), and [(dfmppy)2 Ir(P^N)]PF6 (3), where P^N = 2-[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]pyridine (dppmp), were synthesized and characterized. The absorption, photoluminescence, cyclic voltammetry and thermal stability of the complexes were investigated. The complexes showed bright blue luminescences at wavelengths of 448 ~ 500 nm at room temperature in CHCl3 and revealed that the π-acceptor ability of the phosphorous atom in the ancillary dppmp ligand plays an important role in tuning emission color resulting in a blue-shift emission. The single crystal structure of [(dfmppy)2 Ir(P^N)]PF6 was determined using X-ray crystallography. The iridium metal center adopts a distorted octahedral structure coordinated to two dfmppy and one dppmp ligand, showing cis C-C and trans N-N chelate dispositions. There is a π-π overlap between π electrons delocalized in the difluorophenyl rings.