A Chinese Perspective on the Causes of Chinese-Japanese Conflict and Possible Solutions

( Xiu Yu Fang ),( Xin Hua ) 한국국방연구원 2016 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.28 No.1

Chinese-Japanese relations have become increasingly tense in recent years. It might be concluded superficially that the recent tensions originated from the historical issues and the bilateral sovereignty disputes over some islands. However, these tensions are deeply rooted in the structural contradictions of these bilateral relations, such as the conflicting national strategies of China and Japan, the relative balance of power between them, and the discrepancy of their interests in their games against the background of macro transition of the overall strategic pattern of the Asia-Pacific region. Furthermore, the U.S. strategic dilemma in this gaming process adds destabilizing factors to the development of China-Japan bilateral relations. The outcomes of the China-Japan tensions not only affect the rise and fall of the relative strengths of these two countries, but also have major influences over the general strategic arrangements of East Asia and the whole Asia-Pacific. Therefore, it is very meaningful to probe the deep-rooted causes of the Chinese-Japanese conflicts and to observe current China-Japan relations from the strategic perspective because some solutions might be discoverd in this way.

새로운 동북아 질서의 태동과 한중관계의 미래

FANG Xiu Yu 제주평화연구원 2011 JPI Research Series Vol.2011 No.12

Emergence of a New Northeast Asian Order and the Future of Korea-China Relations

FANG Xiu Yu 제주평화연구원 2011 JPI Research Series Vol.2011 No.12

China-U.S. Relations and the Security of the Korean Peninsula

( Xiu Yu Fang ),( Xin Hua ) 한국국방연구원 2013 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.25 No.3

This article outlines the general framework of bilateral relations between China and the United States, and identifies their central strategic interests that are embodied in their respective policies toward the Korea Peninsula. Based on this elaboration, the authors further explore the divergences and convergences of the Chinese and American security strategies and foreign policies on issues related to Korea, with a focus on the effects of North Korea`s latest nuclear test in February2013 on their respective interests and attitudes. In conclusion, the authors offer some practical approaches that might be jointly implemented by China and the United States in their handling of Korea-related issues. The authors argue that, despite the complexities of China-U.S. bilateral relations and some potential sources of hostility between them, China and the United States can still manage to establish a mechanism to stabilize the Korea Peninsula through joint efforts.

Prognostic Implications for High Expression of MiR-25 in Lung Adenocarcinomas of Female Non-smokers

Xu, Fang-Xiu,Su, Yu-Liang,Zhang, Huan,Kong, Jin-Yu,Yu, Herbert,Qian, Bi-Yun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.3

Background: Adenocarcinoma (ADC) is the most common histological type of lung cancer and its proportion is rising, especially in Asian non-smoking women. Recent studies suggest miR-25 may have diverse effects on the pathogenesis of different types of cancer. However, the role of miR-25 in lung cancer is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential clinical value of miR-25 in non-smoking women with lung ADC. Patients and Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the expression of miR-25 in 100 lung ADC tumor tissues and matched plasma samples and Pearson correlation tests were used to analyze the relationship between values. Associations of miR-25 expression with clinicopathological features were determined using the Student's t-test. To determine prognostic value, overall survival (OS) was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results: Expression of miR-25 in tissue was found to be associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.021) and disease stage (P=0.012). Moreover, high miR-25 expression was also associated with poorer overall survival of women with lung ADC (P=0.008). Conclusion: Tissue miR-25 expression may be associated with tumor progression and have prognostic implications in female lung ADC patients.

한반도의 안보와 중·미 양국의 공동이익 추구 가능성 모색

방수옥(Xiu Yu Fang),김동찬(Dong Chan Kim) 경희대학교 인류사회재건연구원 2011 OUGHTOPIA Vol.26 No.3

한반도는 지정학적 위치에서 기인하는 전략적 중요성으로 인해 주변 강대국들의 관심이 집중되는 지역이다. 현 상황을 고려할 때, 한반도 정세의 불확실성은 앞으로도 상당기간 동안 지속될 것으로 평가된다. 따라서 한반도에서의 안정추구와 혼란방지는 여전히 강대국들 이 추구하는 공동의 목표가 될 것이다. 현재 한반도 주변 강대국들의 힘의 균형관계를 볼 때, 중?미 양국은 한반도의 주요한 외부 행위자임에 틀림없으며 양국 간의 관계는 향후 일정기간 한반도 정세에 큰 영향을 미치게 될 것으로 보인다. 중?미 양국이 한반도 안보문제에 있어 협력할 가능성이 있는지 규명하기 위해 본문에서는 우선 국제정치학에서 통용되는 안보개념에 대한 정의를 내리고 한반도의 전략적 특수성을 검토한 후, 이를 바탕으로 하여 중국과 미국이 각각 한반도에서 어떠한 안보 이익을 추구하고 있는지를 역사적 사례와 양국이 현재 채택하고 있는 국가 발전 전략을 통해 분석해 보고자 한다. 이 분석을 기초로 중?미 양국이 비록 여러 측면에서 경쟁 관계에 있고 마찰의 여지가 있음에도 불구하고, 한반도 문제를 다루는 데 있어서는 상호 협력 관계를 유지할 필요성과 공통의 이익이 충분히 존재한다는 점을 검토하여 제시하고자 한다. The surrounding Powers have been concerned about the Korean Peninsula, because of strategical importance originated from her geopolitical position. Under present situation, we can estimate that the uncertainty of this region would not be concluded in a short period of time. Therefore, maintaining stability and preventing this region from falling into disorder would still be surrounding Powers" common aim to pursue. Considering the balance of power between the surrounding Powers, China and U.S. are the key player in the Korean Peninsula, and relationship between two Powers will also have a great influence on this region. To study the possibility of cooperation between two Powers, in this paper, we define the security and examine the strategical particularity of this region. And then, we would like to analyze what kinds of national interest China and U.S. have pursued on the Korean Peninsula by considering historical instance and their present national strategy. On the basis of this analysis, we would examine and bring up the necessity and the common interest between two Powers as a foundation of making them keep up cooperation, though they compete with each other in many other fields and even have possibilities of discord.

Gate-tunable phase transitions in thin flakes of 1T-TaS2.

Yu, Yijun,Yang, Fangyuan,Lu, Xiu Fang,Yan, Ya Jun,Cho, Yong-Heum,Ma, Liguo,Niu, Xiaohai,Kim, Sejoong,Son, Young-Woo,Feng, Donglai,Li, Shiyan,Cheong, Sang-Wook,Chen, Xian Hui,Zhang, Yuanbo Nature Pub. Group 2015 Nature nanotechnology Vol.10 No.3

<P>The ability to tune material properties using gating by electric fields is at the heart of modern electronic technology. It is also a driving force behind recent advances in two-dimensional systems, such as the observation of gate electric-field-induced superconductivity and metal-insulator transitions. Here, we describe an ionic field-effect transistor (termed an iFET), in which gate-controlled Li ion intercalation modulates the material properties of layered crystals of 1T-TaS2. The strong charge doping induced by the tunable ion intercalation alters the energetics of various charge-ordered states in 1T-TaS2 and produces a series of phase transitions in thin-flake samples with reduced dimensionality. We find that the charge-density wave states in 1T-TaS2 collapse in the two-dimensional limit at critical thicknesses. Meanwhile, at low temperatures, the ionic gating induces multiple phase transitions from Mott-insulator to metal in 1T-TaS2 thin flakes, with five orders of magnitude modulation in resistance, and superconductivity emerges in a textured charge-density wave state induced by ionic gating. Our method of gate-controlled intercalation opens up possibilities in searching for novel states of matter in the extreme charge-carrier-concentration limit.</P>

Gallbladder Tuberculosis: CT Findings with Histopathologic Correlation

Xiu-Fang Xu,Ri-Sheng Yu,Ling-Ling Qiu,Jian Shen,Fei Dong,Ying Chen 대한영상의학회 2011 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.12 No.2

Objective: We wanted to describe the computed tomography (CT) fi ndings of gallbladder tuberculosis (TB) and to correlate them with pathologic fi ndings. Materials and Methods: There were seven patients (M:F = 3:4; mean age, 46.3 years; age range, 32 to 78 years) in whom gallbladder TB was eventually diagnosed. All of them underwent cross-sectional imaging with CT, a pathologic examination and a retrospective review. CT imaging evaluation was done in each case, including the fi ndings of a mass versus nodule, wall thickening (uniform or irregular) and the enhancement patterns (homogeneous or heterogeneous). Results: All the cases of gallbladder TB revealed the following three different CT fi ndings: micronodular lesion of the gallbladder wall (n = 1), a thickened wall (n = 4) and a gallbladder mass (n = 2). There were three cases of homogeneous enhancement of the lesions, including homogeneous enhancement with nodular lesion, homogeneous uniform thickness enhancement and homogeneous thickness enhancement in one case each, and these cases pathology showed tuberculous granuloma with a little caseating necrosis in one case and tuberculous granuloma with rich fi brous tissue, but little or no evident caseating necrosis in two cases. Four cases of heterogeneous enhancement of the lesions, including heterogeneous uniform-thickness enhancement in two cases, heterogeneous enhancement with a local mass lesion in one case and heterogeneous enhancement with a mass that replaced the gallbladder in one case; in these cases, pathology showed tuberculous granuloma with marked caseation or liquefaction necrosis in three cases and tuberculous granuloma by fi brous and calcifi cations accompanied by caseating necrosis in one case. Among the seven cases of gallbladder TB, six cases were accompanied by abdominal extra-gallbladder TB, including abdominal lymph node TB in fi ve cases and hepatic TB in four cases. Conclusion: Gallbladder TB has various CT manifestations, and the enhanced CT findings are well matched with pathological features. An irregularly thickened gallbladder wall or a gallbladder wall mass with multiple-focus necrosis or calcifi cations accompanied by the typical CT fi ndings of abdominal extra-gallbladder TB should suggest the diagnosis of gallbladder TB.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Antibiotic-Impregnated Shunt Catheters on Anti-Infective Effect of Hydrocephalus Shunt

Zhou, Wen-xiu,Hou, Wen-bo,Zhou, Chao,Yin, Yu-xia,Lu, Shou-tao,Liu, Guang,Fang, Yi,Li, Jian-wen,Wang, Yan,Liu, Ai-hua,Zhang, Hai-jun The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2021 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.64 No.2

Objective : Shunt infection is a common complication while treating hydrocephalus. The antibiotic-impregnated shunt catheter (AISC) was designed to reduce shunt infection rate. A meta-analysis was conducted to study the effectiveness of AISCs in reduction of shunt infection in terms of age, follow-up time and high-risk patient population. Methods : This study reviewed literature from three databases including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (from 2000 to March 2019). Clinical studies from controlled trials for shunt operation were included in this analysis. A subgroup analysis was performed based on the patient's age, follow-up time and high-risk population. The fixed effect in RevMan 5.3 software (Cochrane Collaboration) was used for this meta-analysis. Results : This study included 19 controlled clinical trials including 10105 operations. The analysis demonstrated that AISC could reduce the infection rate in shunt surgery compared to standard shunt catheter (non-AISC) from 8.13% to 4.09% (odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.58; p=0.01; I2=46%). Subgroup analysis of different age groups showed that AISC had significant antimicrobial effects in all three groups (adult, infant, and adolescent). Follow-up time analysis showed that AISC was effective in preventing early shunt infections (within 6 months after implant). AISC is more effective in high-risk population (OR, 0.24;95% CI, 0.14-0.40; p=0.60; I2=0%) than in general patient population. Conclusion : The results of meta-analysis indicated that AISC is an effective method for reducing shunt infection. We recommend that AISC should be considered for use in infants and high-risk groups. For adult patients, the choice for AISC could be determined based on the treatment cost.

Efficacy of Taxane-Based Regimens in a First-line Setting for Recurrent and/or Metastatic Chinese Patients with Esophageal Cancer

Jiang, Chang,Liao, Fang-Xin,Rong, Yu-Ming,Yang, Qiong,Yin, Chen-Xi,He, Wen-Zhuo,Cai, Xiu-Yu,Guo, Gui-Fang,Qiu, Hui-Juan,Chen, Xu-Xian,Zhang, Bei,Xia, Liang-Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.13

Objective: To compare the efficacy of taxane-based regimens in the first line setting retrospectively in Chinese patients with recurrent and/or metastatic esophageal cancer. Methods: We analyzed 102 recurrent and/or metastatic esophageal cancer patients who received taxanes-based regimens in a first-line setting from January 2009 to December 2013. Sixteen (15.7%) patients were administered Nab-PTX based chemotherapy and 86 patients (84.3%) received paclitaxel (PTX) or docetaxel (DTX) based chemotherapy. Patients in the PTX/DTX group could be further divided into TP (71 patients) and TPF (15 patients) groups. Results: The objective response rate (ORR) of all patients was 20.6%, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 67.6%. The median overall survival (OS) was 10.5 months (95% CI 10.1-16.4) and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.04 months (95% CI 5.09-7.91). The DCR was higher in the TPF group than the TP group (93.3% vs. 59.1%; p = 0.015 ). There were no significant differences in ORR, OS, and PFS among Nab-PTX, TPF and TP groups. Conclusions: The three regimens of Nab-PTX based, TP and TPF proved active in a first line setting of Chinese patients with recurrent and/or metastatic esophageal cancer, and should thus be regarded as alternative treatments.