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Eck, T. F.,Holben, B. N.,Reid, J. S.,Xian, P.,Giles, D. M.,Sinyuk, A.,Smirnov, A.,Schafer, J. S.,Slutsker, I.,Kim, J.,Koo, J.-H.,Choi, M.,Kim, K. C.,Sano, I.,Arola, A.,Sayer, A. M.,Levy, R. C.,Munchak American Geophysical Union 2018 Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol.123 No.10
<P>Analysis of Sun photometer measured and satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) data has shown that major aerosol pollution events with very high fine mode AOD (>1.0 in midvisible) in the China/Korea/Japan region are often observed to be associated with significant cloud cover. This makes remote sensing of these events difficult even for high temporal resolution Sun photometer measurements. Possible physical mechanisms for these events that have high AOD include a combination of aerosol humidification, cloud processing, and meteorological covariation with atmospheric stability and convergence. The new development of Aerosol Robotic Network Version 3 Level 2 AOD with improved cloud screening algorithms now allow for unprecedented ability to monitor these extreme fine mode pollution events. Further, the spectral deconvolution algorithm (SDA) applied to Level 1 data (L1; no cloud screening) provides an even more comprehensive assessment of fine mode AOD than L2 in current and previous data versions. Studying the 2012 winter-summer period, comparisons of Aerosol Robotic Network L1 SDA daily average fine mode AOD data showed that Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite remote sensing of AOD often did not retrieve and/or identify some of the highest fine mode AOD events in this region. Also, compared to models that include data assimilation of satellite retrieved AOD, the L1 SDA fine mode AOD was significantly higher in magnitude, particularly for the highest AOD events that were often associated with significant cloudiness.</P>
An overview of mesoscale aerosol processes, comparisons, and validation studies from DRAGON networks
Holben, Brent N.,Kim, Jhoon,Sano, Itaru,Mukai, Sonoyo,Eck, Thomas F.,Giles, David M.,Schafer, Joel S.,Sinyuk, Aliaksandr,Slutsker, Ilya,Smirnov, Alexander,Sorokin, Mikhail,Anderson, Bruce E.,Che, Huiz Copernicus GmbH 2018 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.18 No.2
<P>Abstract. Over the past 24 years, the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) program has provided highly accurate remote-sensing characterization of aerosol optical and physical properties for an increasingly extensive geographic distribution including all continents and many oceanic island and coastal sites. The measurements and retrievals from the AERONET global network have addressed satellite and model validation needs very well, but there have been challenges in making comparisons to similar parameters from in situ surface and airborne measurements. Additionally, with improved spatial and temporal satellite remote sensing of aerosols, there is a need for higher spatial-resolution ground-based remote-sensing networks. An effort to address these needs resulted in a number of field campaign networks called Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Networks (DRAGONs) that were designed to provide a database for in situ and remote-sensing comparison and analysis of local to mesoscale variability in aerosol properties. This paper describes the DRAGON deployments that will continue to contribute to the growing body of research related to meso- and microscale aerosol features and processes. The research presented in this special issue illustrates the diversity of topics that has resulted from the application of data from these networks. </P>
Plasma Breakdown using Second Harmonic EC Waves in Helical Devices
Kazunobu Nagasaki,A. Cappa,A. Fernandez,D. Tafalla,E. de la Cal,F. Tabares,F. Sano,F. Castejon,H. Shidara,H. Okada,K. Kondo,K. Takahashi,S. Kobayashi,T. Mizuuchi,T. Estrada,V. Tribaldos,Y. Yoshimura 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
Plasma breakdown using second-harmonic electron cyclotron (EC) waves has been studied experimentally in three helical devices, Heliotron J, TJ-II and CHS. Recent technological progress on electron cyclotron heating (ECH) systems enables us to determine what the important factors for second-harmonic plasma breakdown are. Comparison of the experimental results among three devices shows a common feature that the plasma starts up from the good confinement region and strongly depends on the nonlinear interactions with the electric field of the local beam rather than the multi-reflected field. This suggests that the confinement of high energy electrons generated by ECH has a dominant role in second-harmonic plasma breakdown.
Measurements of charge exchange neutral particles in Heliotron J
masashi Kaneko,F. Sano,H. Okada,K. Hanatani,K. Nagasaki,K. Kondo,S. Kobayashi,S. Murakami,T. Mizuuchi,Y. Suzuki,Y. Nakamura 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
The ion behavior in Heliotron J plasmas is investigated through measurements of the ion energy distribution function, which is measured with a charge-exchange neutral particle analyzer system. The bulk ion temperature is estimated from the measured energy spectrum. In NBI heated plasma, the pitch angle distribution of energy spectra is measured. Dependence of the high energy tail and bulk ion temperature of injection power is investigated in an ion-cyclotron range of frequency heating experiment.)
hajime Arimoto,F. Sano,G. Motojima,H. Yamazaki,H. Nakamura,H. Yabutani,H. Kitagawa,H. Okada,J. Arakawa,K. Kondo,K. Ohashi,K. Nagasaki,M. Yamada,M. Uno,M. Kikutake,M. Kaneko,N. Watanabe,N. Nishino,N. S 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
The measurement of D, CII and CIII line spectral profiles and the CD band spectrum from the vicinity of a test limiter surface is performed in Heliotron J test limiter experiments. With deep insertion of the limiter, there is a localized intense region of the D, CII and CIII line intensity in the limiter surface, and the CD band spectrum is observed at this region. It is considered that the deuterium ion flux and heat load concentrate at this region and enhance carbon impurity generation.r_che
Configuration Dependence of Toroidal Current in Heliotron J
gen Motojima,F. Sano,H. Yabutani,H. Okada,H. Nakamura,H. Arimoto,H. Kitagawa,H. Yamazaki,K. Kondo,K. Nagasaki,K. Hanatani,K.Y. Watanabe,M. Kaneko,M. Uno,S. Fujikawa,S. Watanabe,S. Yamamoto,S. Kobayash 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
A change of toroidal current by controlling the magnetic configuration has been observed in Heliotron J. The effect of the magnetic configuration on the neoclassical bootstrap current has been theoretically investigated for Heliotron J. It is found that the bumpy field component (B04) plays an important role in changing both the value and the direction of the bootstrap current in Heliotron J. The bootstrap current density is reversed at the small minor radius first, and then the net bootstrap current changes its direction from a positive value to a negative value as B04 decreases.