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Okubo, H,Sasaki, S,Murakami, K,Kim, M K,Takahashi, Y,Hosoi, Y,Itabashi, M Nature Publishing Group 2008 International Journal of Obesity Vol.32 No.3
Objective:To examine associations between dietary patterns and obesity.Design:Cross-sectional study.Subjects:A total of 3760 Japanese female dietetic course students aged 18–20 years from 53 institutions in Japan.Measurements:Diet was assessed over a 1-month period with a validated self-administered diet history questionnaire with 148 food items, from which 30 food groups were created and entered into a factor analysis. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from self-reported body height and weight.Results:Mean BMI (±s.d.) was 20.9±2.8 kg m<SUP>−2</SUP>. Four dietary patterns were identified. After adjustment for several confounding factors and total energy intake, the ‘Healthy’ pattern, characterized by high intakes of vegetables, mushrooms, seaweeds, potatoes, fish and shellfish, soy products, processed fish, fruit and salted vegetables, was significantly associated with a lower risk of BMI25 (odds ratio of the highest quintile vs lowest, 0.57; 95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.87; P for trend <0.05). In contrast, the ‘Japanese traditional’ pattern, characterized by high intakes of rice, miso soup and soy products, and the ‘Western’ pattern, characterized by high intakes of meats, fats and oils, seasonings, processed meats and eggs, were both significantly associated with an increased risk of BMI25 (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.17–2.67; P for trend <0.01 and OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.01–2.40; P for trend=0.04, respectively).Conclusion:Three major dietary patterns, Healthy, Japanese traditional and Western, were all independently and significantly related to the risk of obesity even among a relatively lean young Japanese female population.International Journal of Obesity (2008) 32, 541–549; doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803737; published online 25 September 2007
Encoderless Motor Design for Servo Drive Applications
S. Murakami,M. Ohto,M. Hisatsune,T. Shiota,K. Ide 전력전자학회 2011 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2011 No.5
Improvement of output power of encoderless motor is desired in servo drive applications. However, as load on the encoderless motor increases, high frequency inductance distribution distorts so heavily that rotor position estimation becomes very difficult, which is a major technical problem hindering the improvement. This paper deals with a motor design aiming for high output power encoderless motor with concentrated winding and IPM configuration. First, reduction of armature reaction is referred to as the fundamental design concept. Next, a motor configuration realizing the concept is proposed. Then, motor design is conducted, and characteristics of a prototype motor is measured and evaluated. As a result, the prototype motor is verified to achieve basic servo motor performances and to have an almost sinusoidal high frequency inductance distribution feature without crucial distortion even when load increases. Output power of encoderless motor is enhanced by the design method presented in this paper.
Effeets of Local Damage on Asymptotic Stress Field of a Growing Creep Crack
Murakami, S .,Liu, Y .,Hirano, T .,Mizuno, M . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.4 No.3
A parametric study on the effects of local damage field on the crack-tip stress field of a growing Mode I creep crack is performed in the framework of Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM). According to the results of creep crack growth analysis based on CDM and Finite Element Method, the damage distribution 1-(D/D_(cr))=h(θ)r^m represented by a power law function of the radius r from the crack tip is postulated for the damage variable D. The damage effects are incorporated into the Norton creep law by means of the hypothesis of strain equivalence of CDM. The resulting two-point boundary value problems of differential equations for the growing creep cracks in the states of plane strain and plane stress are solved by means of a shooting method. For a given creep exponent n of the Norton law, the exponent p of the asymptotic stress field σ_(ij) ∝ r^n is found to be governed by the exponent m of the power law damage distribution r^m.
ERK½ antagonize AMPK-dependent regulation of FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation and anaphylaxis
Hwang, S.L.,Lu, Y.,Li, X.,Kim, Y.D.,Cho, Y.S.,Jahng, Y.,Son, J.K.,Lee, Y.J.,Kang, W.,Taketomi, Y.,Murakami, M.,Moon, T.C.,Chang, H.W. Mosby 2014 The journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol.134 No.3
Background: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases ½ (ERK½) make important contributions to allergic responses via their regulation of degranulation, eicosanoid production, and cytokine expression by mast cells, yet the mechanisms underlying their positive effects on FcεRI-dependent signaling are not fully understood. Recently, we reported that mast cell activation and anaphylaxis are negatively regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, little is known about the relationship between ERK½-mediated positive and the AMPK-mediated negative regulation of FcεRI signaling in mast cells. Objective: We investigated possible interactions between ERK½ and AMPK in the modulation of mast cell signaling and anaphylaxis. Methods: Wild-type or AMPKα2<SUP>-/-</SUP> mice, or bone marrow-derived mast cells obtained from these mice, were treated with either chemical agents or small interfering RNAs that modulated the activity or expression of ERK½ or AMPK to evaluate the functional interplay between ERK½ and AMPK in FcεRI-dependent signaling. Results: The ERK½ pathway inhibitor U0126 and the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-4-ribofuranoside similarly inhibited FcεRI-mediated mast cell signals in vitro and anaphylaxis in vivo. ERK½-specific small interfering RNA also mimicked this effect on FcεRI signals. Moreover, AMPKα2 knockdown or deficiency led to increased FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation and anaphylaxis that were insensitive to U0126 or activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-4-ribofuranoside, suggesting that the suppression of FcεRI signals by the inhibition of the ERK½ pathway relies largely on AMPK activation. ERK½ controlled AMPK activity by regulating its subcellular translocation. Conclusions: ERK½ ablated the AMPK-dependent negative regulatory axis, thereby activating FcεRI signals in mast cells.