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NITROGEN OXIDE REDUCTION WITH SCRUBBER TECHNOLOGY FOR RECOVERY BOILERS AND LIME KILNS
Naveen Chenna,Ilari Vuorinen,Joonas Arola,Mikko Raiko,Juhani Viiala 한국펄프·종이공학회 2018 한국펄프·종이공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.10
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are formed during the combustion process and if they are untreated and released to the environment, they pose strong effect on environmental chemical imbalance producing several pollutants. NOx from combustion are composed of 90-95 % of nitric oxide (NO) and 5-10 % nitrogen dioxide(NO₂). NO is not dissolvable in liquid, however NO₂ and higher nitrogen oxides are highly dissolvable in liquid. There are several methods available to reduce the NOx during and post combustion. Methods like Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) are widely used in power boilers to convert the NOx to nitrogen gas, however these technologies are under studies for recovery boilers and lime kilns. As the pulp mill NOx limits are becoming strict, there is an urge to develop the technologies that are easy to use in existing or new flue gas cleaning systems. Wet scrubbers are in use for several decades and they efficiently clean the dust, sulphur dioxide and other components from flue gases. These wet scrubbers can also be equipped with oxidizing stage. The main idea is to oxidize NO to NO₂ by feeding powerful oxidants like ozone, chlorine dioxide or hydrogen peroxide to flue gas stream. Oxidized product NO₂ is absorbed into scrubber circulation solution with water and alkali. Valmet Technologies have been developing flue gas deNOx technologies for several decades and has recently supplied few deNOx scrubbers. In this paper, we discuss the possible primary and secondary methods for NOx control in pulp mill applications and operational data from Valmet’s deNOx scrubber installed after a recovery boiler.
Acute Effects of Turmeric Extracts on Knee Joint Pain: A Pilot, Randomized Controlled Trial
Lorena Calderón-Pérez,Elisabet Llauradó,Judit Companys,Laura Pla-Pagà,Noemí Boqué,Francesc Puiggrós,Rosa-M Valls,Anna Pedret,Josep Manuel Llabrés,Lluís Arola,Rosa Solà 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.4
Turmeric extracts (TEs) have been shown to be suitable as a pain treatment for human joint arthritis. In a pilot, randomized clinical trial, 68 individuals with mild/moderate knee joint pain (KJP) consumed a new formulation of water-soluble TEs and insoluble curcuminoids (B-Turmactive®) or brewer's yeast as a placebo for 1 week. Our hypothesis was that B-Turmactive would have a short-term analgesic effect on KJP measured by the self-reported Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). After 3 days and 1 week, both treatments reduced pain when walking on a flat surface (P < .01), going up or down stairs (P < .001), and sitting or lying (P < .05), but only B-Turmactive reduced pain at night while in bed and in an upright standing position (P < .01). Concerning global KJP, it was reduced by both treatments after 3 days and 1 week of the intervention (P < .001), being less with B-Turmactive after 1 week (P = .012 vs. 3 weeks). Although no intertreatment differences were observed, only B-Turmactive decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (P = .045) at 1 week, which indicates a prompt analgesic effect mediated by a decrease in inflammatory status.
Eck, T. F.,Holben, B. N.,Reid, J. S.,Xian, P.,Giles, D. M.,Sinyuk, A.,Smirnov, A.,Schafer, J. S.,Slutsker, I.,Kim, J.,Koo, J.-H.,Choi, M.,Kim, K. C.,Sano, I.,Arola, A.,Sayer, A. M.,Levy, R. C.,Munchak American Geophysical Union 2018 Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol.123 No.10
<P>Analysis of Sun photometer measured and satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) data has shown that major aerosol pollution events with very high fine mode AOD (>1.0 in midvisible) in the China/Korea/Japan region are often observed to be associated with significant cloud cover. This makes remote sensing of these events difficult even for high temporal resolution Sun photometer measurements. Possible physical mechanisms for these events that have high AOD include a combination of aerosol humidification, cloud processing, and meteorological covariation with atmospheric stability and convergence. The new development of Aerosol Robotic Network Version 3 Level 2 AOD with improved cloud screening algorithms now allow for unprecedented ability to monitor these extreme fine mode pollution events. Further, the spectral deconvolution algorithm (SDA) applied to Level 1 data (L1; no cloud screening) provides an even more comprehensive assessment of fine mode AOD than L2 in current and previous data versions. Studying the 2012 winter-summer period, comparisons of Aerosol Robotic Network L1 SDA daily average fine mode AOD data showed that Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite remote sensing of AOD often did not retrieve and/or identify some of the highest fine mode AOD events in this region. Also, compared to models that include data assimilation of satellite retrieved AOD, the L1 SDA fine mode AOD was significantly higher in magnitude, particularly for the highest AOD events that were often associated with significant cloudiness.</P>