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The Decline and Resurgence of the Kuomintang in Taiwan
Eunjung Choi 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2015 Pacific Focus Vol.30 No.3
What explains the decline and resurgence of dominant parties? While economic performance, policy adaptation, electoral rules, and generational replacement have been offered as common causes for the decline of one-party dominance, the case of Taiwan challenges those prevailing explanations. This paper focuses on how partisan splits from the Kuomintang (KMT) and their (dis)coordination with the KMT first undermined and then recovered the KMT’s dominance. Furthermore, this study pays particular attention to cross-strait relations in shaping the dynamics of electoral coalitions in Taiwan. This study argues that China’s military threat and Taiwan’s deepening economic integration to the Mainland, along with other international forces, have influenced Taiwanese public opinion on cross-strait policy and have thus affected electoral coalition formation and the electoral fortunes of the KMT.
Eun Jung Choi,Chang Hoon Kang,Han Nim Choi,Won-Yong Lee 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.10
A composite film of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/sol-gel-derived zinc oxide(ZnO)/Nafion has been utilized as an efficient immobilization matrix for the construction of a highly sensitive and stable tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+) electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) sensor. The electrochemical and ECL behaviors of Ru(bpy)3 2+ ion-exchanged into the composite film were strongly dependent upon the sol-gel preparation condition,the amount of MWCNT incorporated into the ZnO/Nafion composite film, and the buffer solution pH. The synergistic effect of MWCNTs and ZnO in the composite films increased not only the sensitivity but also the long-term stability of the ECL sensor. The present ECL sensor based on the MWCNT/ZnO/Nafion gave a linear response (R2 = 0.999) for tripropylamine concentration from 500 nM to 1.0 mM with a remarkable detection limit (S/N = 3) of 15 nM. The present ECL sensor showed outstanding long-term stability (94% initial signal retained for 5 weeks). Since the present ECL sensor exhibits large response towards NADH, it could be applied as a transduction platform for the ECL biosensor in which the NADH is produced from the dehydrogenase-based enzymatic reaction in the presence of NAD+ cofactor.
Combinational Treatment with Retinoic Acid Derivatives in Non-smallCell Lung Carcinoma In Vitro
Eun Jung Choi,황영미,Seok Jin Kim,Hyun Jin Kim,김열홍 대한의학회 2007 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.22 No.S
The growth inhibitory effects of four retinoic acid (RA) derivatives, 9-cis RA, 13-cis RA, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR), and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) were compared. In addition, the effects of various combinations of these four agents were examined on non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell-lines, and on the expressions of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) on these cells. At the clinically achievable concentration of 1 M, only 4-HPR inhibited the growths of H1299 and H460 cells-lines. However, retinoic acid receptor (RAR ) expression was up-regulated on H460 and H1299 cells treated with 1 M of ATRA, 13-cis RA, or 9-cis RA. All NSCLC cell lines showed growth inhibition when exposed sequentially to 1 M ATRA and 0.1 M 4-HPR. In particular, sequential treatment with 1 M ATRA or 13-cis RA and 4-HPR markedly inhibited H1703 cell growth; these cells exhibited no basal RAR expression and were refractory to 4- HPR. However, in NSCLC cell lines that expressed RAR , the expressional levels of RAR were up-regulated by ATRA alone and by sequential treatment with ATRA and 4-HPR. 4-HPR was found to be the most active of the four agents in terms of NSCLC growth-inhibition. Moreover, sequential treatments with ATRA or 13-cis RA followed by 4-HPR were found to have synergistic growth-inhibitory effects and to regulate RAR expression.
Bureaucrats’ Perception of Corruption and Political Trust in South Korea
Eunjung Choi,Jongseok Woo 한국학술연구원 2015 Korea Observer Vol.46 No.4
This article examines how government officials’ perceptions of corruption affect the evaluation of government effectiveness and political trust and whether the outcomes are different from ordinary citizens. On the one hand, one may expect that bureaucrats share with citizens the belief that perceptions of corruption harm their evaluations of government effectiveness and trust in government because they are also members of the society. On the other hand, bureaucrats may be more tolerant of corruption than ordinary citizens because, while the latter are victims of corruption and therefore express negative judgments of it, the former are possible beneficiaries. Through the empirical analysis of data collected in South Korea, the article suggests that bureaucrats’ perceptions of corruption lower their evaluations of overall government effectiveness and trust in government institutions. Although bureaucrats’ job-related factors bring nuances in terms of those causal relations, the overall outcomes affirm previous studies of the high corruption-low trust linkage among ordinary citizens.
Confucian Legacies and the Meaning of Democracy in South Korea : A Cultural Interpretation
Eunjung Choi,Jongseok Woo 한국학술연구원 2018 Korea Observer Vol.49 No.3
Whether Confucianism is compatible with liberal democracy has been a topic of heated debate among scholars and politicians alike, but with little meticulous empirical analysis. The incompatibility thesis, represented by the Asian value argument, suggests that as a political culture Confucianism hinders the deepening of democracy in Confucian Asian countries. The compatibility or convergence thesis, in contrast, argues that Confucianism is compatible with, and even compensates for the shortcomings of liberal democracy. This article investigates the relationship between South Koreans’ attachment to Confucian values and their attitudes towards a (non)democratic form of government. Unlike previous studies that treat Confucianism as a unitary value system, this article argues that Confucianism is multifaceted - its teachings on social hierarchy, morality, primacy of community, and social harmony - have different relationships with democratic and authoritarian values. This empirical analysis demonstrates that, at least in South Korea, certain Confucian values are compatible with democratic values of political participation and individual rights and liberty. In contrast to previous literature that focuses on institutional and performance variables as key variables that explain individual attachment to (non)democratic forms of government, this study illustrates that culture has consistent and long-lasting impacts on individual political orientations.
Political Corruption, Trust, and Citizen Evaluations of Democracy : A Cross-National Analysis
EUNJUNG CHOI 이화여자대학교 국제통상협력연구소 2014 Asian International Studies Review Vol.15 No.2
Extensive literature on political corruption has addressed how pervasive corruption poses challenges to economic development, distributive justice, and political trust. While there is little doubt about the damaging effects of corruption on economic and political spheres, not much attention is given to the broader consequences of corruption and declining political trust on different facets of democratic governance. This study explores the reciprocal relationships between political corruption and various aspects of the health of democracy, as indicated by political trust and the performance of government as well as by citizens’ beliefs in democratic values, norms, and practices. This study finds that political corruption and political trust influence each other and that they, in turn, affect citizens’ opinion of democracy. The study also implies that political corruption brings detrimental effects to the deepening and consolidation of democracy in developing nations.