Analysis of the EU Policy on Cultural and Creative Industries after Covid-19 Pandemic

( Son¸ Dong-ki ) 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2021 문화와 세계 Vol.2 No.2

유럽연합의 문화창조산업은 코로나 팬더믹으로 가치사슬과 생태계가 위협받을 정도로 큰 피해를 입었다. 이에 유럽연합은 피해를 입은 문화창조산업계와 종사자들에 대한 단기적인 긴급 재정지원에 주력하였으나 코로나 팬더믹이 장기화되면서 타 산업보다 상대적으로 더 큰 피해를 입은 문화창조산업계가 임시방편적 지원으로 회복하기 어려운 상황이다. 그러나 일부 문화창조산업계는 코로나 팬더믹을 계기로 온라인과 디지털화로 빠르게 전환하고 있어 새로운 가치사슬과 비즈니스 모델을 창출하였다. 이에 유럽연합은 코로나 펜더믹으로 드러난 문화창조산업계의 취약성을 개선하고 보다 공정하고 유연한 산업구조로 전환을 계획하고 있다. 구체적으로 코로나 팬더믹 이후의 유럽연합 문화창조산업은 공정한 노동 시스템 구축, 디지털 문화 프레임워크 창출 그리고 혁신적이고 사회적 결속 지향 등 세 가지 기조로 진행될 전망이다. 이와 같이 유럽연합은 코로나 팬더믹을 계기로 문화창조산업계에서 발생하는 구조적 문제점을 해결하기 위한 다양한 전략 및 정책을 수립하고 있다. 최근 문화산업의 폭발적인 성장을 겪고 있는 한국 역시 유사한 구조적 문제를 안고 있는 점을 고려할 때, 유럽연합의 문화창조산업의 변화 및 전환에 대해 깊은 관심을 가질 필요가 있다. The EU cultural and creative industries suffered so much damage that the economic value chain and ecosystem were threatened by Covid-19 pandemic that hit the world since 2020. In response, the EU focused on short-term emergency financial support for the cultural and creative industries and related workers affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, however, it is difficult for the EU cultural and creative industries which has suffered relatively more damage than other industries due to the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, to recover substantially with temporary support. Despite these damages, on the one hand, some sectors are rapidly shifting to online and digitalization in the wake of Covid-19 pandemic, creating new value chains and business models. Accordingly, the EU planning to improve the vulnerability of the cultural and creative industries revealed by COVID-19 pandemic and switch to a fairer and more flexible industrial structure. Specifically, the EU cultural and creative industries after the Covid-19 pandemic is expected to take place in three phases, which are establishing a fair labor system, creating a digital cultural framework, and aiming for innovative and social solidarity. As such, the EU is establishing various strategies and policies to solve structural problems arising from the cultural and creative industries after the Covid-19 pandemic. Considering that Korea, which has recently experienced explosive growth in the cultural industry, also has similar structural problems, it is necessary to pay keen attention to the changes and transformation of the EU cultural and creative industries and related policy.

Assessment of Diffusional Release in IAEA ISAM Engineered Vault Disposal Facility

Dongki Kim,Wontak Lee,Joowan Park,Soonyoung Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2021 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2021 No.11

Application of RESRAD-OFFSITE to IAEA Vault Test Case for Radwaste Disposal Safety Assessment

DongKi Kim,JooWan Park,SoonYoung Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2021 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2021 No.06

Microstructure and Charpy Impact Properties of FCAW and SAW Heat Affected Zones of 100 mm Thick Steel Plate for Offshore Platforms

Dongki Choi,Hun Lee,Sung‑Kyu Cho,Hyoung Chan Kim,Soong‑Keun Hyun,Sang Yong Shin 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.6

In this study, heat affected zone (HAZ) specimens were fabricated by applying flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) and submergedarc welding (SAW) processes to steel plate with a thickness of 100 mm and yield strength of 460 MPa for use in offshoreplatforms. The correlation between microstructure and Charpy absorbed energy was investigated, and fracture mechanismswere analyzed. As distance from the fusion line increases, heat input and cooling rate decrease, making it difficult to formlow-temperature transformation microstructures in HAZ specimens and increasing the grain size of quasi-polygonal ferrite. The FCAW process is advantageous for low-temperature transformation microstructures because it has a lower heat inputand a faster cooling rate than the SAW process. Plastic deformation and ductile fracture occurred at low temperatures infine acicular ferrite and quasi-polygonal ferrite regions of HAZ specimens, but brittle fractures occurred in bainitic ferrite,granular bainite, and coarse quasi-polygonal ferrite regions. The unit crack path in the brittle fracture region was similar tothe grain size. In other words, as the volume fraction of fine acicular ferrite and quasi-polygonal ferrite increased in HAZspecimens, Charpy absorbed energy at low temperature increased.

Emerging role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in cancer progression

( Dongki Yang ),( Jaehong Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2020 BMB Reports Vol.53 No.3

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels comprise a diverse family of ion channels, the majority of which are calcium permeable and show sophisticated regulatory patterns in response to various environmental cues. Early studies led to the recognition of TRP channels as environmental and chemical sensors. Later studies revealed that TRP channels mediated the regulation of intracellular calcium. Mutations in TRP channel genes result in abnormal regulation of TRP channel function or expression, and interfere with normal spatial and temporal patterns of intracellular local Ca²⁺ distribution. The resulting dysregulation of multiple downstream effectors, depending on Ca²⁺ homeostasis, is associated with hallmarks of cancer pathophysiology, including enhanced proliferation, survival and invasion of cancer cells. These findings indicate that TRP channels affect multiple events that control cellular fate and play a key role in cancer progression. This review discusses the accumulating evidence supporting the role of TRP channels in tumorigenesis, with emphasis on prostate cancer. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(3): 125-132]

Structural characteristics of sulfated polysaccharides extracted from Codium fragile affecting NK cell activation and cytotoxicity

Dongki Lee,JeYoung Lee,Jiseob An,SangGuan You 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2017 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.5

A K-Band Low-Power Miniaturized Hyperthermia System

Dongki Kim,Kihyun Kim,Jungmin Oh,Youngrak Park,Youngwoo Kwon 한국전자파학회JEES 2009 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.9 No.4

A K-band low-power miniaturized planar-type hyperthermia system was developed to replace massive and expensive equipment. The system consists of a VCO with a buffer amplifier, a high-power amplifier module, a 20-㏈-coupled line coupler, a chip circulator and two power detectors for signal generation, amplification and power monitoring. All these components have been implemented in planar form on two module blocks. The total size of the hyperthermia system was less than 10×6.5×3 ㎤. In order to verify the system performance, ablations were carried out on nude mice xenografted with human breast cancer. Ablation results show performance comparable to the massive components-based system. This work shows the feasibility of a low-cost miniaturized hyperthermia system for practical clinical applications.

Juvenile Hormone Action on Vitellogenesis of the Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera exigua

Dongki Kim,Young-In Lee,김용균 한국응용곤충학회 2004 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.7 No.1

Juvenile hormone (JH) is a major insect gonadotropin. However, no endogenous types of JH have been found in beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Here we analyzed the JH effect on vitellogenesis of S. exigua, which was used for determining the type of endogenous JHs in the species. Females were decapitated at different times after adult emergence to remove the source of JH. This treatment prevented vitellogenic development of S. exigua when the decapitation was executed as early as 4h after adult emergence. Both JH analogs, fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen, induced vitellogenesis of the decapitated females. Similarly, JH I and JH II could induce vitellogenesis of the decapitated females, but not JH III. Follicle cell patency, allowing access of vitellogenin (Vg) in the hemolymph to the growing oocyte, was induced by the application of JH and JH analogs, but not by RH5992, an ecdysteroid agonist. Phenoxyphenyl compounds such as fenoxycarb, KS-175 (1-(4- phenoxyphenoxypropyl) imidazole), and T3 (L-3,5, 3’-triiodothyronine) also significantly induced the follicle cell patency of S. exigua. Among JHs, JH I and JH II could significantly induce follicle cell patency, but not JH III. Both JHs and ecdysteroids could induce Vg biosynthesis. These results suggest that JH I and JH II can be the endogenous types of S. exigua and play roles in the vitellogenesis in both Vg biosynthesis of the fat body and Vg uptake by the growing oocytes.

Dexmedetomidine Modulates Histamine-induced Ca²⁺ Signaling and Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Expression

Dongki Yang,Jeong Hee Hong 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.5

Dexmedetomidine is a sedative and analgesic agent that exerts its effects by selectively agonizing α2 adrenoceptor. Histamine is a pathophysiological amine that activates G protein-coupled receptors, to induce Ca²⁺ release and subsequent mediate or progress inflammation. Dexmedetomidine has been reported to exert inhibitory effect on inflammation both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies. However, it is unclear that dexmedetomidine modulates histamine-induced signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. This study was carried out to assess how dexmedetomidine modulates histamine-induced Ca²⁺ signaling and regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes encoding interleukin (IL)-6 and -8. To elucidate the regulatory role of dexmedetomidine on histamine signaling, HeLa cells and human salivary gland cells which are endogenously expressed histamine 1 receptor were used. Dexmedetomidine itself did not trigger Ca²⁺ peak or increase in the presence or absence of external Ca²⁺. When cells were stimulated with histamine after pretreatment with various concentrations of dexmedetomidine, we observed inhibited histamine-induced [Ca²⁺]i signal in both cell types. Histamine stimulated IL-6 mRNA expression not IL-8 mRNA within 2 hrs, however this effect was attenuated by dexmedetomidine. Collectively, these findings suggest that dexmedetomidine modulates histamine-induced Ca²⁺ signaling and IL-6 expression and will be useful for understanding the antagonistic properties of dexmedetomidine on histamine-induced signaling beyond its sedative effect.

Implementation of Specific Activity Models for C-14 in Terrestrial Environment of a Disposal Facility Using GoldSim

Dongki Kim,Joowan Park,Seo-Yeon Cho,Mi-Seon Jeong 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.2

In biosphere assessment modeling for the safety assessment of the Wolsong LILW disposal facility, the multi-compartment modeling in which all radionuclides transport is described quantitatively in terms of transfer factors between various environmental compartments has been implemented. In order to reflect the actual transfer mechanisms of 14C in the environment the specific activity (SA) modeling approach can be applied as an alternative to the previous transfer factors (TF) approach. The assumption of full SA equilibrium throughout the terrestrial environment is completely satisfactory for 14C release to the atmosphere if the 12C is emitted as 14CO2. This is the only form that is readily taken up by plants, so that active carbon is incorporated into the plant via photosynthesis at the same rate as stable carbon. Accordingly, the 14C concentration in Bq/g stable carbon is the same in the plant as it is in the air. And animals take up carbon almost entirely through ingestion and the SA ratio in the plant is maintained in the animal. In this study, a specific activity model for 14C was implemented in a GoldSim biosphere assessment model. From the literature survey for existing specific activity models developed, the IAEA model was selected. The farming scenario utilizing well water was simulated and the resulting ingestion dose conversion factors (DCFs) from the IAEA SA model were compared with those of the TF approach. The parameter value for the concentration of stable carbon in the air (gC/m3) is used as 0.20 gC/m3 considering the Suess effect. The dose coefficient for food ingestion used for dose calculations was taken from ICRP-72 as 5.8E-10 Sv/Bq. It was found that the ingestion DCFs of the SA model showed about 3 times lower than those of the TF model in the farming scenario through irrigation of well water, so it is expected that the SA approach could be applied for a more realistic assessment. Though the comparisons were made on the results from the terrestrial ecosystem only in this study, it would be necessary to investigate the applicability of the SA modeling approach for 14C through extensive comparisons and analysis including an aquatic ecosystem, and through parameters survey suitable to the domestic condition.