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Cross-Linked Thermally Rearranged Poly(benzoxazole-<i>co</i>-imide) Membranes for Gas Separation
Calle, Mariola,Doherty, Cara M.,Hill, Anita J.,Lee, Young Moo American Chemical Society 2013 Macromolecules Vol.46 No.20
<P>A novel strategy to tune the cavity size and free volume of thermally rearranged polybenzoxazole (TR-PBO) copolymer membranes by transesterification cross-linking reaction of <I>o</I>-hydroxy polyimide precursors with 1,4-butylene glycol in the solid state is demonstrated in this study. During the thermal rearrangement (TR) process at high temperatures, loose diester interchain cross-linkers are prone to degrade while formation of a much more rigid cross-linked structure occurs following or alongside the imide-to-benzoxazole rearrangement. As a result, a synergistic effect of high permeability and high selectivity appeared to be created in one step, and the newly synthesized cross-linked TR-PBO membranes exhibited outstanding gas separation performance, surpassing the so-called 2008 upper bound for CO<SUB>2</SUB>/CH<SUB>4</SUB> separation.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2013/mamobx.2013.46.issue-20/ma4014115/production/images/medium/ma-2013-014115_0012.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ma4014115'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Peace of Cake? Comparative Analysis of Northern Irish and Korean Peace Processes
Alexandre Haym,David Doherty,Yongho Kim 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2020 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.44 No.1
This article investigates and defines the essential variables in the historical peace processes in Northern Ireland and Korea and sets essential preconditions for future peace negotia tions on the Korean Peninsula. To do so, we conduct a rigor ous examination of all Northern Irish agreements to indicate why past Korean peace processes have failed and to offer alternative policy suggestions. Crucial ingredients for a suc cessful peace process are the structure of each negotiation framework, the inclusion of and concessions by key actors in each negotiation, the respect of core interests of each party, and tangible reduction of tensions.
Architecturing Nanospace via Thermal Rearrangement for Highly Efficient Gas Separations
Thornton, Aaron W.,Doherty, Cara M.,Falcaro, Paolo,Buso, Dario,Amenitsch, Heinz,Han, Sang Hoon,Lee, Young Moo,Hill, Anita J. American Chemical Society 2013 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.117 No.46
<P>The ability to monitor free volume formation during space-making treatments is critical for the ultrafine tuning of nanospace for efficient gas separation. Here, investigating the polymer thermal rearrangement using synchrotron in situ small-angle X-ray scattering for the first time and combining this information with transport theory, we elucidate the evolution of nanospace features in polymer-based gas separation membranes. The proposed nanospace monitoring technique encompasses the structure–property relationships, therefore offering a powerful tool for tuning the polymer properties for particular gas-related clean energy applications. These results demonstrate that the fine control of the nanospace dimension and magnitude leads to a drastic improvement in gas separation performance above any material to date.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2013/jpccck.2013.117.issue-46/jp410025b/production/images/medium/jp-2013-10025b_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp410025b'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
An investigation into energy harvesting and storage to power a more electric regional aircraft
Saleh, Ahmed,Lekakou, Constantina,Doherty, John Techno-Press 2021 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.8 No.1
This is an investigation for a more electric regional aircraft, considering the ATR 72 aircraft as an example and the electrification of its four double slotted flaps, which were estimated to require an energy of 540 Wh for takeoff and 1780 Wh for landing, with a maximum power requirement of 35.6 kW during landing. An analysis and evaluation of three energy harvesting systems has been carried out, which led to the recommendation of a combination of a piezoelectric and a thermoelectric harvesting system providing 65% and 17%, respectively, of the required energy for the actuators of the four flaps. The remaining energy may be provided by a solar energy harvesting photovoltaic system, which was calculated to have a maximum capacity of 12.8 kWh at maximum solar irradiance. It was estimated that a supercapacitor of 232 kg could provide the energy storage and power required for the four flaps, which proved to be 59% of the required weight of a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery while the supercapacitor also constitutes a safer option.
An investigation into energy harvesting and storage to power a more electric regional aircraft
Saleh, Ahmed,Lekakou, Constantina,Doherty, John Techno-Press 2021 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.8 No.1
This is an investigation for a more electric regional aircraft, considering the ATR 72 aircraft as an example and the electrification of its four double slotted flaps, which were estimated to require an energy of 540 Wh for takeoff and 1780 Wh for landing, with a maximum power requirement of 35.6 kW during landing. An analysis and evaluation of three energy harvesting systems has been carried out, which led to the recommendation of a combination of a piezoelectric and a thermoelectric harvesting system providing 65% and 17%, respectively, of the required energy for the actuators of the four flaps. The remaining energy may be provided by a solar energy harvesting photovoltaic system, which was calculated to have a maximum capacity of 12.8 kWh at maximum solar irradiance. It was estimated that a supercapacitor of 232 kg could provide the energy storage and power required for the four flaps, which proved to be 59% of the required weight of a lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery while the supercapacitor also constitutes a safer option.