의사소통 전략으로서의 언어적, 비언어적 한·중 청자반응 유형 대조

윤은경 ( Yoon Eunkyung ),정염 ( Ding Yan ) 국제어문학회 2021 국제어문 Vol.- No.91

본 연구는 한·중 청자반응 표현에 대한 윤은경·정염(2021) 연구를 확장하는 것을 연구 목적으로 삼는다. 언어적 및 비언어적 청자반응 유형의 차이를 한국어와 중국어 청자를 대상으로 살펴보았다. 청자반응 표현의 빈도는 사회적 지위와 인간관계의 친밀도에 따라 측정되었다(교수 대 지인). 이 연구를 위해 총 45명의 참가자가 모집되어 세 집단 중 하나에 배정되었다. 그 결과 한한(한국어 청자) 집단과 중중(중국어 청자) 집단은 지인보다 교수와 대화할 때 청자반응 표현을 더 많이 사용한 반면 한중(한국어 화자 + 중국어 청자) 집단에서는 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 특히 한한 집단은 언어 표현보다 거의 2배에 가까운 비언어적 또는 복합적(언어적 + 비언어적) 청자반응 표현을 사용했으나, 중중 집단은 언어적 표현을 선호했다. 반면, 한한 집단과 중중 집단은 공통적으로 지인과 대화할 때보다는 교수와 대화할 때 비언어적 표현을 더 많이 사용했다. 최근까지 한국어 교육에 대한 연구에서 언어적 또는 비언어적 청자반응 표현은 관심을 받지 못했다. 그러나 청자반응의 실패는 의사소통에 큰 지장을 줄 수 있다는 점에서 보다 면밀한 연구가 필요하다는 점을 확인했다는 데 연구 의의가 있다. This study expands Yoon and Ding’s (2021 to appear) investigation of listeners’ responses as conversational strategies. Verbal and non-verbal backchannels were cross-linguistically investigated among native Korean and Chinese speakers. The frequency of the backchannels was measured according to their social status and the intimacy level of relationships(professors vs. friends). A total of 45 participants were recruited and assigned to one of three groups. The results revealed that the GK (Korean-only) and GC (Chinese-only) groups used more backchannels when conversing with professors than friends, whereas no significant difference was observed within the KC (Korean+Chinese) group. In particular, the GK group used non-verbal or combined (verbal + non-verbal) backchannel expressions almost twice as much as verbal expressions, while the GC group preferred verbal expressions. Both the GK and GC groups used non-verbal backchannels more than verbal ones when talking to professors than when talking to friends. Until recently, verbal or non-verbal backchannels have been neglected in research on Korean language education; however, research on backchannels is necessary in that its failure can significantly impede communication.

北宋北方陶瓷業興衰之硏究-以定窯系為中心的考察

米玲(Mi Ling),丁建軍(Ding JianJun),崔勇(Chui Yong) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2012 역사문화연구 Vol.44 No.-

瓷器는 중국 고대의 독창적인 예술의 한 분야 이며 고대인들의 생활수준을 한 단계 업그레이드 시켰을 뿐만 아니라 중국 전통 手工業의 발전을 보여주는 지표이다. 瓷器業은 지속적인 발전을 하였고 宋代에 이르러 한 단계 더 발전을 하였으며 定窯系, 鈞窯系, 磁州窯 등의 窯系가 등장하게 되었다. 定州曲陽을 중심으로한 定窯瓷器는 定窯系를 代表하였고 당시 瓷器製造業이 최고의 수준이었음을 보여준다. 북송시기에 定窯가 성행하였던 주요 이유는 세 가지가 있다. 첫째, 定州에는 자기업이 발전하는데 필요한 원료가 풍부하였다. 둘째, 하북의 邢窯의 영향을 받아 靑銅器鑄造 기술과 邢州窯의 工藝 技術을 바탕으로 하여 覆燒法과 印花, 刻花를 주로 하는 새로운 공예 기술을 창조하였다. 셋째, 唐宋社會變革의 시기에 고대 귀족들이 몰락을 하고 金銀器, 靑銅器 등이 시장에서 퇴출당하고 瓷器가 民間에서 日用品으로 사용되게 되었다. 北宋 末年에 이르러 定瓷를 중심으로 하는 北方b陶瓷器業은 衰落을 하였는데 수많은 원인이 있지만 戰爭으로 인한 쇠락이 가장 큰 원인이고 대량으로 瓷器를 생산 하게 되면서 자기의 원료가 부족하게 되었고 模造品이 시장에 등장하면서 이로 인해 窯瓷器 시장이 위축되게 되었다. 이외에도 北宋後期에 宋 徽宗時期에 통치자들 사이에서 靑器를 많이 사용하였고 白瓷를 중심으로 하는 定瓷는 高級 瓷器 시장에서 퇴출되게 되었다. 定窯系를 중심으로 한 宋代 北方 窯系는 중국 고대 瓷器史에서 南方의 瓷窯와 北方의 金元瓷器業에 큰 영향을 끼쳤으며 다른 나라의 瓷器業에도 많은 영향을 주었다. There are mainly three reasons why Ding kiln reached its heyday in Northern song dynasty: first, Ding kiln had the abound porcelain which were needed in the development of porcelain industry; second, because of the influence of Hebei Xing kiln, as well as on the basis of local bronze casting technology and Xing Zhou kiln craft technology, it made innovation the “inverse burning” as well as new craft like printing and engraved designs; three, it adapted to the social change of Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty, after the fall of ancient aristocratic, golden ware, silver ware and bronze ware exited the mainstream market, china became the main commodity of common people, and it suitable for the social needs. But in the end of Northern song dynasty, North china ceramics whose representative is Ding kiln declined gradually. There were many reasons, but the destruction of the war was the most direct factor, while the large quantities of porcelain production caused the exhaustion and shortage of porcelain clay resources and fuel,; at the same time, many similar products of the generic competition compressed the market of Ding kiln; In addition, the ruling circle whose head was Emperor Huizong of Song was favor of Qing porcelain, Ding kiln which mainly produced White porcelain retreated from the top grade of china ceramic market. However, the North ceramics whose representative is Ding kiln in Song Dynasty had an important influence in ancient Chinese porcelain history, which mainly reflected in its influence to the South ceramics and the North Jin Yuan devices.

The Effects of Environmental Training and Environmental Commitment on Employee Environmental Behavior: The Mediating Role of Environmental Commitment

Ding Ding,Ran Zhang,Xiaoyue Cui 동북아경상학회 2021 동북아경상연구 Vol.2 No.2

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is exploring the influence mechanism of environmental training on employees’ environmental behavior through empirical research. Design/Methodology/Approach – According to the existing scale variable measurement, adopting the method of questionnaire survey collected online sample data of 201, and the data quality was tested by non-response bias, common method bias analysis, correlation and multi-collinearity, reliability and validity analysis. Then, the research hypothesis was tested by hierarchical regression. Findings – This paper studies environmental training has a significant positive impact on both private and public environmental protection behaviors of employees; environmental commitment has an intermediary effect on the relationship between environmental protection training and employees’ private and public environmental protection behaviors; the gender of employees has no significant regulatory effect on their environmental commitment and their private and public environmental behavior, and the age of employees has no significant regulatory effect on their environmental training and environmental commitment. Research Implications – In the management of this paper, through in-depth study of the impact mechanism of employees’ environmental behavior at the individual level, it makes contribution to the further study of the impact of green human resource management practice at the individual level.

Security and Democracy in East Asia : Explaining China`s Changing Discourse on Human Rights, 1978-2004

( Ding Ding Chen ) 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2005 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.29 No.3

On Mao Qiling’s Thought about the Study of Confucian Classics and His Academic Position

( Ding Ding ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2007 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.8 No.-

毛奇齡是淸代初年一位學識淵博、著述宏富、成就卓著的經學家。狂狷不羁、特立獨行的性格特点使得他在經學硏究中往往不受傳統思想的束縛, 提出許多發千年之覆的獨到見解。在經學思想上, 他倡導“以經解經”、實事求是的治經方法;在學術取向上, 他雖然表現出明顯的尊漢抑宋的傾向, 但他能勾不拘門戶之見, 抑宋而不佞漢, 講實据, 重考證, 反對空言說經;他具有不迷信學術權威, 積極倡導學術爭鳴, 敢于向學術權威挑戰的學術品格和思想。毛奇齡的經學主張基本上都是針對理學的空疏學風而發。毛奇齡“以經解經”、講實据、重考證的學術實踐引導了乾嘉學派的治學方向, 也奠定了他在淸代學術史上繼往開來的重要地位。 Mao Qiling is a scholar applying himself to Confucianism in the early Qing Dynasty. He has profound knowledge, owns magnificent works, and possesses distinguished achievements. Because of his independence in mind and action, he was not restricted by the old ideas and put forward many original views. In the study of Confucian classics, he stressed on the methods of ‘interpreting classic by itself and seeking truth from facts. In academic preference, he shows obvious proneness to appreciating Han rather than Song, but he does not flatter Han. Mao attaches great importance to the substantial evidence and textual research regardless of other various views, and he fights against talking about Confucianism without foundation. He possesses the distinguished learning morals and thought: he does not have blind faith in authority. Instead, he proclaims and orients the academic argument zealously and he is bold enough to challenge the authority. The Confucian claims of Mao are basically dead against the inane style of study of Neo-Confucianism. Mao leads the Qian-Jia school’s direction of pursuing the studies with his academic practice of being practical & realistic, and unscrambling Confucian with Confucian, which establishes his succeeding vital position. [Article in Chinese]

Research on Tourist Needs Based on Food Docent-Guided Tour - focused Guangzhou Xiguan

Ding-Ding Chen,Wan-Sok Jang,Young-Hwan Pan 한국융합학회 2020 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.11 No.12

최근 지역 문화 발전과 도시 다양성의 맥락에서 각각의 관광지들은 독특한 민속 문화를 발굴하여 관광객의 관심과 방문을 유도하고 있다. 지속 가능한 관광의 일환으로 미식 관광은 명승지 환경을 해치는 건설을 할 필요도 없 고, 지역 주민과 관광객에게 서비스를 제공하기 위한 시설 개선 만하면 되는 장점도 있다. 그러나 기존의 미식 관광은 관광객을 풍속 현장에만 두게 되어 주체 간에 다른 문화적 차이를 넘어 민속 문화의 핵심을 체험할 수 없었다. 본 논문 은 관찰 방법, 융복합 주제 연구 및 사례 연구를 통해 민속 문화를 이해하는데 있어서 푸드 도슨트 가이드 투어의 역할 을 연구하였다. 특히 도슨트 가이드 투어에서 미식 관광이 지속 가능 발전이라는 목표를 잘 달성할 수 있도록 가이드가 관광객들로 하여금 민속 문화의 핵심에 보다 효과적으로 동화되어 체험할 수 있도록 돕는 방법을 연구하였다. Under the background of regional cultural development and cities' diversity, various tourist destinations attract tourists' attention and visit by mining their unique folk culture. As a part of sustainable tourism, gastronomy tourism can provide residents and tourists services only by improving the residents' facilities without damaging the environment. However, the existing gastronomy tourism only makes tourists in the folk scene, and tourists can not overstep the cultural differences caused by intersubjectivity to experience the core of folk culture. This paper attempts to use the observation method, cross-subject study, and case study to study the role of food docent-guided tours in understanding folk culture. Moreover, the docent-guided tour studies how the docent can help tourists go deep into the core of folk culture better to realize the sustainable development goal of gastronomy tourism.

SEPT12 Interacts with SEPT6 and This Interaction Alters the Filament Structure of SEPT6 in Hela Cells

Ding, Xiangming,Yu, Wenbo,Liu, Ming,Shen, Suqin,Chen, Fang,Wan, Bo,Yu, Long Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2007 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.40 No.6

Septins are a family of conserved cytoskeletal GTPase forming heteropolymeric filamentous structure in interphase cells, however, the mechanism of assembly are largely unknown. Here we described the characterization of SEPT12, sharing closest homology to SEPT3 and SEPT9. It was revealed that subcelluar localization of SEPT12 varied at interphase and mitotic phase. While SEPT12 formed filamentous structures at interphase, it was localized to the central spindle and to midbody during anaphase and cytokinesis, respectively. In addition, we found that SEPT12 can interact with SEPT6 in vitro and in vivo, and this interaction was independent of the coiled coil domain of SEPT6. Further, co-expression of SEPT12 altered the filamentous structure of SEPT6 in Hela cells. Therefore, our result showed that the interaction between different septins may affect the septin filament structure.

Comparison of carcass and meat quality traits between lean and fat Pekin ducks

Ding, Si-Ran,Li, Guang-Sheng,Chen, Si-Rui,Zhu, Feng,Hao, Jin-Ping,Yang, Fang-Xi,Hou, Zhuo-Cheng Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.7

Objective: According to market demand, meat duck breeding mainly includes 2 breeding directions: lean Pekin duck (LPD) and fat Pekin duck (FPD). The aim of the present study was to compare carcass and meat quality traits between 2 strains, and to provide basic data for guidelines of processing and meat quality improvement. Methods: A total of 62 female Pekin ducks (32 LPDs and 30 FPDs) were slaughtered at the age of 42 days. The live body weight and carcass traits were measured and calculated. Physical properties of breast muscle were determined by texture analyzer and muscle fibers were measured by paraffin sections. The content of inosine monophosphate (IMP), intramuscular fat (IMF) and fatty acids composition were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, Soxhlet extraction method and automated gas chromatography respectively. Results: The results showed that the bodyweight of LPDs was higher than that of FPDs. FPDs were significantly higher than LPDs in subcutaneous fat thickness, subcutaneous fat weight, subcutaneous fat percentage, abdominal fat percentage and abdominal fat shear force (p<0.01). LPDs were significantly higher than FPDs in breast muscle thickness, breast muscle weight, breast muscle rate and breast muscle shear force (p<0.01). The muscle fiber average area and fiber diameter of LPDs were significantly higher than those of FPDs (p<0.01). The muscle fiber density of LPDs was significantly lower than that of FPDs (p<0.01). The IMF of LPDs in the breast muscle was significantly higher than that in the FPDs (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between the 2 strains in IMP content (p>0.05). The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of LPDs was significantly higher than that of FPDs (p<0.01), and FPDs had higher saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: Long-term breeding work resulted in vast differences between the two strains Pekin ducks. This study provides a reference for differences between LPD and FPD that manifest as a result of long-term selection.

Appearance-Order-Based Schema Matching

Ding, Guohui,Cao, Keyan,Wang, Guoren,Han, Dong Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2014 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.8 No.2

Schema matching is widely used in many applications, such as data integration, ontology merging, data warehouse and dataspaces. In this paper, we propose a novel matching technique that is based on the order of attributes appearing in the schema structure of query results. The appearance order embodies the extent of the importance of an attribute for the user examining the query results. The core idea of our approach is to collect statistics about the appearance order of attributes from the query logs, to find correspondences between attributes in the schemas to be matched. As a first step, we employ a matrix to structure the statistics around the appearance order of attributes. Then, two scoring functions are considered to measure the similarity of the collected statistics. Finally, a traditional algorithm is employed to find the mapping with the highest score. Furthermore, our approach can be seen as a complementary member to the family of the existing matchers, and can also be combined with them to obtain more accurate results. We validate our approach with an experimental study, the results of which demonstrate that our approach is effective, and has good performance.

Determination of Energy Levels and Crystallographic Sites of Sm[sup 2+] Ions Doped in SrZn[sub 2](PO[sub 4])[sub 2]

Ding, Haiyan,Huang, Yanlin,Wei, Donglei,Shi, Liang,Qiao, Xuebin,Seo, Hyo Jin The Electrochemical Society 2009 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.156 No.10