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Lourembam, Deepak Singh,Singh, Asem Robinson,Sharma, T. Dhaneshor,Singh, Th Sudheeranjan,Singh, Thiyam Ramsing,Singh, Lisam Shanjukumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.12
Northeastern India is a major nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) high risk-area although the rest of the country has very low incidence. A case-control study of 105 NPC cases and 115 controls was conducted to identify the potential risk factors for NPC development in this region. Information was collected by interviewer about socio-demographic characteristics, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary history, occupational history, and a family history of cancer. Epstein-Barr viral load was assayed from the blood DNA by real time PCR. Associations between GSTs genotypes, cytochrome P450 family including CYP1A1, CYP2E1 and CYP2A6 polymorphisms and susceptibility to relationship between the diseases were studied using PCR-RFLP assay. Results indicate that Epstein-Barr virus load was significantly higher in patients compared to controls (p<0.0001). Furthermore, concentration of blood EBV-DNA was significantly higher in advanced stage disease (Stage III and IV) than in early stage disease (Stage I and II) (p<0.05). Presence of CYP2A6 variants that reduced the enzyme activity was significantly less frequent in cases than controls. Smoked meat consumption, exposure to smoke, living in poorly ventilated house and alcohol consumption were associated with NPC development among the population of Northeastern India. Thus, overall our study revealed that EBV viral load and genetic polymorphism of CYP2A6 along with living practices which include smoked meat consumption, exposure to smoke, living in poorly ventilated houses and alcohol consumption are the potential risk factors of NPC in north eastern region of India. Understanding of the risk factors and their role in the etiology of NPC are helpful forpreventive measures and screening.
Deepak Kumar Singh,Shankar Diwakar,Vipin Kumar Chand,Singh Rakesh Kumar,Singh Neha 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.6
Complex craniovertebral junction (CVJ) defects account for a considerable proportion of CVJ diseases. Given the heavily assimilated C1, an unfavorable C1–C2 joint orientation, an overriding C2 superior facet, a low-hanging occiput, and an abnormal vertebral artery course with a high-riding vertebral artery, placement of C1 lateral mass screws might be difficult. To address this, a novel technique for placing C1 lateral mass screws that avoid vertebral artery injury, low-hanging occiput, and overriding C2 superior facet was developed in this study. This approach enables firm fixation of C1–C2 even in difficult situations where the placement of the C1 lateral mass is challenging.
FIXED POINT THEOREMS VIA FAMILY OF MAPS IN WEAK NON-ARCHIMEDEAN MENGER PM-SPACES
Deepak Singh,Amin Ahmed 한국수학교육학회 2013 純粹 및 應用數學 Vol.20 No.3
C. Vetro [4] gave the concept of weak non-Archimedean in fuzzy metric space. Using the same concept for Menger PM spaces, Mishra et al. [22] proved the common fixed point theorem for six maps, Also they introduced semi-compatibility. In this paper, we generalized the theorem [22] for family of maps and proved the common fixed point theorems using the pair of semi-compatible and reciprocally continuous maps for one pair and R¡weakly commuting maps for another pair in Menger WNAPM-spaces. Our results extends and generalizes several known results in metric spaces, probabilistic metric spaces and the similar spaces.
Ruptured mirror DACA aneurysm: A rare case report and review of literature
Deepak Kumar Singh,Prevesh Kumar Sharma,Arun Kumar Singh,Vipin Kumar Chand 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2023 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.25 No.3
Bilateral distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms also called “kissing aneurysms” or “mirror aneurysm” are extremely rare, accounting for only 0.2% of all intracranial aneurysms. There have only been a few examples of mirror DACA aneurysms reported in the literature. Here, we report a rare case of mirror DACA aneurysm in a middle aged female with its successful clipping. Patient was admitted with severe headache and altered sensorium. Computed tomography (CT) head was suggestive of anterior inter-hemispheric hematoma. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was done which was suggestive of two distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms located at same anatomical position. It was treated through microsurgical clipping. Mirror image DACA aneurysms are rare occurrence. All patients with ruptured DACA aneurysms should have angiography with 3D reconstruction studies. This aids in determining the aneurysm’s morphology and planning treatment accordingly.
Singh Deepak,Shankar Diwakar,Sharma Gaurav,Yadav Kuldeep,Kaif Mohammad 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2022 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.24 No.3
Post-traumatic internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm (ICA PSA) is a rare occurrence with high mortality rates, and with the advent of endovascular therapy, its treatment has shown drastic improvement in clinical as well as radiological outcomes. Here we are describing our experience with the CGuard embolic protection system (InspireMD, Tel Aviv, Israel) for the treatment of post-traumatic left ICA PSA in a 49-year-old male. New improved biomechanics and navigability have proven it to be a safe and efficient treatment modality for ICA PSA. However, a multicentric large-scale randomized trial is recommended to support this modality.
COUPLED FIXED POINT THEOREMS FOR RATIONAL INEQUALITY IN GENERALIZED METRIC SPACES
Singh, Deepak,Tomar, Surjeet Singh,Rathore, M.S.,Chauhan, Varsha The Youngnam Mathematical Society 2015 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.31 No.1
In modern times, coupled fixed point theorems have been rigorously studied by many researchers in the milieu of partially ordered G-metric spaces using different contractive conditions. In this note, some coupled fixed point theorems using mixed monotone property in partially ordered G-metric spaces are obtained. Furthermore some theorems by omitting the completeness on the space and continuity conditions on function, are obtained. Our results partially generalize some existing results in the present literature. To exemplify our results and to distinguish them from the existing ones, we equip the article with suitable examples.
Coupled fixed point theorems for rational inequality in generalized metric spaces
Deepak Singh,Surjeet Singh Tomar,M.S.Rathore,Varsha Chauhan 영남수학회 2015 East Asian mathematical journal Vol.31 No.1
In modern times, coupled fixed point theorems have been rigorously studied by many researchers in the milieu of partially ordered G- metric spaces using different contractive conditions. In this note, some coupled fixed point theorems using mixed monotone property in partially ordered G-metric spaces are obtained. Furthermore some theorems by omitting the completeness on the space and continuity conditions on function, are obtained. Our results partially generalize some existing results in the present literature. To exemplify our results and to distinguish them from the existing ones, we equip the article with suitable examples.
Process optimization for biodiesel production from indigenous non-edible Prunus armeniaca oil
Singh, Deepak,Kumar, Veerendra,Sandhu, S.S.,Sarma, A.K. Techno-Press 2016 Advances in energy research Vol.4 No.3
This work emphasized optimum production of biodiesel using non-edible Prunus armeniaca (Bitter Apricot) oil via transesterification collected from the high altitude areas of Himachal Pradesh, India. In this study the author produced biodiesel through the process of transesterification by using an alkali catalyst with alcohol (methanol and ethanol), under the varying molar ratio (1:6, 1:9, 1:12), variable catalyst percentage (1% and 2%) and temperature ($70^{\circ}C$, $75^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$, $85^{\circ}C$). Furthermore, a few strong base catalysts were used that includes sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium metal and freshly prepared sodium methoxide. After screening the catalyst, response surface methodology (RSM) in connection with the central composite design (CCD) was used to statistically evaluate and optimize the biodiesel production operation using NaOH as catalyst. It was found that the production of biodiesel achieved an optimum level biodiesel yield with 97.30% FAME conversion under the following reaction conditions: 1) Methanol/oil molar ratio: 1:6, 2) Reaction time: 3h, 3) Catalyst amount: NaOH 2 wt. %, and 4) Reaction temperature: $85^{\circ}C$. The experimental results showed that the optimum production and conversion of biodiesel through the process of transesterification could be achieved under an optimal set of reaction conditions. The biodiesel obtained showed appropriate fuel properties as specified in ASTM, BIS and En- standards.
Deepak Kumar,Vipin Kumar Singh,Narayan Prasad Yadav,Sudeep Tandon,Karuna Shanker,Chandan Singh Chanotiya,Narendra Kumar,Puja Khare,Anirban Pal,Debabrata Chanda,Dharmendra Saikia,Yusuf Hussain,Abha Mee 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.116 No.-
Gymnema sylvestre is an important medicinal plant, but a method for preparing standardized extractenriched with biomarkers is not available. The practiced crude hydro-alcoholic extracts of G. sylvestrecontained a few percentage of gymnemic acids (GAs). The enrichment of GAs in preprared extracts isessential from a pharmacology point of view. Presently, a scale-up process has been developed forpreparing G. sylvestre standardized extract (Gym-EEXT). Crude extract (Gym-Crude) was prepared in10-kg batches to obtain a yield of 268.1 mg/g, but GAs was merely 9 mg/g (GA-IV 6.7 mg/g, and GAXVII2.3 mg/g) in 30 % ethanol–water solvent at 50 C in 5 h. Further, Gym-Crude was processed throughpolymer-matrix-adsorption techniques for getting Gym-EEXT (150.9 mg/g) with improved percentage ofGAs (>10 %) comprised of deacylgymnemic acid (DGA: 8.9 mg/g), gymnemagenin (2.3 mg/g), GA-IV(78.6 mg/g), and GA-XVII (10.2 mg/g). For safety aspects, the pesticide residues, solvent residues, heavymetal, aflatoxins, and mutagenicity in Gym-EEXT were below the detection limits. Hence, Gym-EEXT wasenriched with GAs, and fully safe with compliance according to USP-561. An insignificant effect of Gym-EEXT on vitals of experimental mice was observed in acute and sub-acute oral-toxicityexperiments. Gym-EEXT significantly improved the blood glucose metabolism, and hence, it potentiallyreduces hyperglycaemia. Unique chromatographic protocols were developed for the isolation of biomarkerson a 1-kg scale from Gym-Crude with yield of gymnemagenin (5.5 %), and DGA (4.6 %). Finally, a novel,scientifically validated, and the scale-up process has been developed for the preparation of Gym-EEXTalong with an exclusive protocol for isolating its biomarkers.