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Saffron ( Crocus sativus L.): gold of the spices—a comprehensive review
Deepak Kothari,Rajesh Thakur,Rakesh Kumar 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.5
Saffron ( Crocus sativus L.) is a monocotyledonous herbaceous triploid plant that produces the most expensive spice in theworld. Its main constituents, crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal, are responsible for color, taste, and aroma, respectively. Thesaff ron plant produces a red-colored spice that is important in pharmaceutics, cosmetics, perfumery, and textile dye-producingindustries. Iran produces almost 90% of the total world production. The saff ron market is expected to grow by 12.09% inthe forecast period 2020 to 2027. This paper reviews the current knowledge about the taxonomy, geographical distribution,reproductive biology, chemical composition, therapeutic and traditional uses, and agro-technology of the world’s mostexpensive spice crop, saff ron.
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Manish Kundanmal Kothari,Samir Surendranath Dalvie,Santosh Gupta,Agnivesh Tikoo,Deepak Kumar Singh 대한척추외과학회 2019 Asian Spine Journal Vol.13 No.2
Study Design: Retrospective radiological study. Purpose: We aimed to determine the prevalence of ponticulus posticus (PP) and high-riding vertebral artery (HRVA) occurring simultaneously on the same side (PP+HRVA) and in cases of PP+HRVA, to assess C2 radio-anatomical measurements for C2 pars length, pedicle width, and laminar thickness. Overview of Literature: PP and HRVA predispose individuals to vertebral artery injuries during atlantoaxial fixation. In cases of PP+HRVA, the construct options thus become limited. Methods: Consecutive computed tomography scans (n=210) were reviewed for PP and HRVA (defined as an internal height of <2 mm and an isthmus height of <5 mm). In scans with PP+HRVA, we measured the ipsilateral pedicle width, pars length, and laminar thickness and compared them with controls (those without PP or HRVA). Results: PP was present in 14.76% and HRVA in 20% of scans. Of the 420 sides in 210 scans, PP+HRVA was present on 13 sides (seven right and six left). In scans with PP+HRVA, the C2 pars length was shorter compared with controls (13.69 mm in PP+HRVA vs. 20.65 mm in controls, p<0.001). The mean C2 pedicle width was 2.53 mm in scans with PP+HRVA vs. 5.83 mm in controls (p<0.001). The mean laminar thickness was 4.92 and 5.48 mm in scans with PP+HRVA and controls, respectively (p=0.209). Conclusions: The prevalence of PP+HRVA was approximately 3% in the present study. Our data suggest that, in such situations, C2 pedicle width and pars length create important safety limitations for a proposed screw, whereas the translaminar thickness appears safe for a proposed screw.
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