http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
John Wicks(John Wicks ),Kryss McKenna(Kryss McKenna ),Sharyn McSorley(Sharyn McSorley ),David Craig(David Craig ) 사피엔시아 2018 Exercise Medicine Vol.2 No.-
Objectives: Recording devices relying solely on heart rate (HR) are not considered accurate enough for measurement of energy expenditure of occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure time physical activity (LTPA), due to factors which modulate the heart rate-oxygen uptake relationship such as smoking and cardiorespiratory fitness. This study used HR index which corrects for the effect of smoking and cardiorespiratory fitness on HR, to estimate the exercise intensity of occupational activity and determine whether smoking and exercise habits influenced work performance. Methods: A total of 176 hospital employees from five occupational categories (sedentary, ambulant-sedentary, light, moderate and heavy) wore an R-R interval recorder during a standard days’ work (mean recording time 6.4±0.9 hours). From HR histogram analysis, resting, mean and peak HRs and mean and peak indices were determined, with oxygen uptake, expressed as metabolic equivalents (METs), being estimated from the HR index equation. Results: Mean index, but not mean HR, showed a progressive increase from sedentary to heavy occupational categories, with the estimated mean MET levels for the entire work period ranging from 2.0 to 3.1 METs for males and 1.9 to 2.7 METs for females. Peak index tended to parallel the increase in mean index. Smoking had the effect of increasing resting HR by 7.5 beats∙min-1 with regular exercise participation lowering resting HR by 11.0 beats∙min-1, these two lifestyle factors limiting the accuracy of mean HR for determining exercise intensity Conclusions: Smoking and exercise habit significantly impact on resting, mean and peak HR during OPA and may influence work performance. The use of HR index as opposed to HR may improve the analysis of OPA and provide a simple method for estimation of both exercise intensity and energy expenditure.
David C. Sheridan,Steven Baker,Ryan Dehart,Amber Lin,Matthew Hansen,Larisa G. Tereshchenko,Nancy Le,Craig D. Newgard,Bonnie Nagel 대한신경정신의학회 2021 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.18 No.10
Objective Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death in adolescence, and acute pediatric mental health emergency department (ED) visits have doubled in the past decade. The objective of this study was to evaluate physiologic parameters relationship to suicide severity. Methods This was a prospective, observational study from April 2018 thru November 2019 in a tertiary care pediatric emergency department (ED) and inpatient pediatric psychiatric unit enrolling acutely suicidal adolescent patients. Patients wore a wrist device that used photoplethysmography for 7 days during their acute hospitalization to measure heart rate variability (HRV). During that time, Columbia Suicide Severity Scores (CSSRS) were assessed at 3 time points. Results There was complete device data and follow-up for 51 patients. There was an increase in the high frequency (HF) component of HRV in patients that had a 25% or greater decrease in their CSSRS (mean difference 11.89 ms/ Hz ; p-value 0.005). Patients with a CSSRS≥15 on day of enrollment had a lower, although not statistically significant, HF component (mean difference -8.34 ms/ Hz; p-value 0.071). Conclusion We found an inverse correlation between parasympathetic activity measured through the HF component and suicidality in an acutely suicidal population of adolescents. Wearable technology may have the ability to improve outpatient monitoring for earlier detection and intervention.
A development study of drain fluid gastrografin as a biomarker of anastomotic leak
David A. Clark,Edward Yeoh,Aleksandra Edmundson,Craig Harris,Andrew Stevenson,Daniel Steffens,Michael Solomon 대한대장항문학회 2022 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.38 No.2
Purpose: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is the anathema of colorectal surgery. Its occurrence leads to increased morbidity and mortality and a prolonged hospital stay. Much work has gone into studying various biomarkers in drain fluid to facilitate early detection of AL. This stage 2a development study aims to assess the safety and feasibility of reliably detecting the iodine in Gastrografin (GG; Bayer Australia Ltd.) in drain fluid and stool samples by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT). Methods: This is a prospective, observational, controlled, consecutive cohort study establishing the safety and feasibility of the detection of GG in surgical drain fluid and stool as a biomarker of AL when patients with a low pelvic colorectal anastomosis undergo luminal flushing of the rectal tube with GG. Results: Ten consecutive patients were allocated to the saline flush group and the following 10 to the GG flush group. Three patients in the saline flush group developed an AL. One patient in the GG flush group developed an AL. An elevation in the drain fluid GG was detected using DECT on the day of clinical deterioration. None of the patients in the control group were found to have a positive result on DECT. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the safety of a novel approach to the early detection of AL from extraperitoneal colorectal anastomoses. The technique requires validation in a larger cohort and a multicenter study is planned to investigate the efficacy of GG rectal tube flushes as an early biomarker of AL in low pelvic anastomoses.
Seo, Myungeun,Moll, David,Silvis, Craig,Roy, Abhishek,Querelle, Sarah,Hillmyer, Marc A. American Chemical Society 2014 INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH - Vol.53 No.48
<P>Interfacial polymerization of an acid chloride-containing block polymer and a multivalent amine in the presence of a macroporous support was explored as a means to generate a nanoporous thin film composite (TFC) membrane potentially useful for ultrafiltration. When polylactide-<I>b</I>-poly(styrene-<I>co</I>-vinylbenzoyl chloride) (PLA-<I>b</I>-P(S-<I>co</I>-VBC)) in an organic phase and <I>m</I>-phenylenediamine (MPD) in an aqueous phase were used as the reactive block polymer and the amine, respectively, a block polymer thin film was successfully formed on a polysulfone support. This nanostructured film could be converted into a nanoporous layer by subsequent PLA etching under mild basic conditions. While most organic solvents used to dissolve PLA-<I>b</I>-P(S-<I>co</I>-VBC) damaged the support and decreased permeability of the resulting membrane, use of a mixture of methyl isobutyl ketone and acetonitrile produced a TFC membrane with high permeability.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/iecred/2014/iecred.2014.53.issue-48/ie5032259/production/images/medium/ie-2014-032259_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ie5032259'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Nagappan Kumar,Trish Duncan,David O’Reilly,Zsolt Kaposztas,Craig Parry,John Rees,Sameer Junnarkar 한국간담췌외과학회 2019 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.23 No.1
Backgrounds/Aims: Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy (ALPPS) has generated controversy due to high morbidity and mortality. We present our series of patients with 30-40% parenchymal transection and minimal hilar dissection. Methods: Patients who had partial ALPPS between April 2015 and April 2016 were included. Patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) had their future liver remnants (FLR) cleared with metastasectomies. The liver was divided along the future line of transection to 30-40%, right portal vein was stapled and divided without extensive hilar dissection, with minimal handling of right liver, which was not mobilised. We preserved the middle hepatic vein. Data were collected prospectively for hypertrophy of the FLR, morbidity and mortality. Results: Among the 8 patients (age 25-68) investigated, one patient with cholangiocarcinoma had portal vein embolization prior to partial ALPPS. All patients completed two stages with adequate FLR hypertrophy at a median of 28 days. No mortality was found. The median length of stay after stages 1 and 2 was 9 and 9.6 days, respectively. The median increase in FLR was 38%. Conclusions: A limited transection of 30-40%, minimal hilar dissection and longer wait between stages yielded adequate FLR hypertrophy with low morbidity and no mortality.
Yokoyama, Ryuzo,Tamba, Sumio,Soma, Takashi,Jones, David Llewellyn,Parkes, Isabelle,Dunlon, Craig 대한원격탐사학회 1996 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.12 No.1
The first Mutsu Bay Sea Surface Temperature Validation Experiment (MUBEX'95), which is joint research and observation experiment together with United Kingdom and Japan, has performed during the period 20th July to 27th August 1995 in Mutsu Bay, northern Honshu, Japan. The joint validation experiment has been planned to continue during three years from 1995. The stated objectives of MUBEX'95 are: (1). To validate the sea surface temperature (SST) observations made by four satellite radiometer systems, which are ERS-1/ATSR-1, ERS-2/ATSR-2, NOAA-12/AVHRR and NOAA-14lAVHRR, (2). To investigate the surface fluxes of heat and momentum and other processes thought to define the radiometric signal measured by infrared radiometry, (3). To investigate the sub pixel temperature and variability of the radiometric SST with reference to the SST at depth.
Methane Hydrates in NatureCurrent Knowledge and Challenges
Collett, Tim,Bahk, Jang-Jun,Baker, Rick,Boswell, Ray,Divins, David,Frye, Matt,Goldberg, Dave,Husebø, Jarle,Koh, Carolyn,Malone, Mitch,Morell, Margo,Myers, Greg,Shipp, Craig,Torres, Marta American Chemical Society 2015 Journal of chemical and engineering data Vol.60 No.2
<P>Recognizing the importance of methane hydrate research and the need for a coordinated effort, the United States Congress enacted the Methane Hydrate Research and Development Act of 2000. At the same time, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry in Japan launched a research program to develop plans for a methane hydrate exploratory drilling project in the Nankai Trough. India, China, the Republic of Korea, and other nations also have established large methane hydrate research and development programs. Government-funded scientific research drilling expeditions and production test studies have provided a wealth of information on the occurrence of methane hydrates in nature. Numerous studies have shown that the amount of gas stored as methane hydrates in the world may exceed the volume of known organic carbon sources. However, methane hydrates represent both a scientific and technical challenge, and much remains to be learned about their characteristics and occurrence in nature. Methane hydrate research in recent years has mostly focused on: (1) documenting the geologic parameters that control the occurrence and stability of methane hydrates in nature, (2) assessing the volume of natural gas stored within various methane hydrate accumulations, (3) analyzing the production response and characteristics of methane hydrates, (4) identifying and predicting natural and induced environmental and climate impacts of natural methane hydrates, (5) analyzing the methane hydrate role as a geohazard, (6) establishing the means to detect and characterize methane hydrate accumulations using geologic and geophysical data, and (7) establishing the thermodynamic phase equilibrium properties of methane hydrates as a function of temperature, pressure, and gas composition. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the Consortium for Ocean Leadership (COL) combined their efforts in 2012 to assess the contributions that scientific drilling has made and could continue to make to advance our understanding of methane hydrates in nature. COL assembled a Methane Hydrate Project Science Team with members from academia, industry, and government. This Science Team worked with COL and DOE to develop and host the Methane Hydrate Community Workshop, which surveyed a substantial cross section of the methane hydrate research community for input on the most important research developments in our understanding of methane hydrates in nature and their potential role as an energy resource, a geohazard, and/or as an agent of global climate change. Our understanding of how methane hydrates occur in nature is still growing and evolving, and it is known with certainty that field, laboratory, and modeling studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of hydrates in nature and will continue to be a critical source of the information needed to advance our understanding of methane hydrates.</P>