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      • Heart Rate Index Corrects for The Limitations of Heart Rate Assessment of Occupational Physical Activity

        John Wicks(John Wicks ),Kryss McKenna(Kryss McKenna ),Sharyn McSorley(Sharyn McSorley ),David Craig(David Craig ) 사피엔시아 2018 Exercise Medicine Vol.2 No.-

        Objectives: Recording devices relying solely on heart rate (HR) are not considered accurate enough for measurement of energy expenditure of occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure time physical activity (LTPA), due to factors which modulate the heart rate-oxygen uptake relationship such as smoking and cardiorespiratory fitness. This study used HR index which corrects for the effect of smoking and cardiorespiratory fitness on HR, to estimate the exercise intensity of occupational activity and determine whether smoking and exercise habits influenced work performance. Methods: A total of 176 hospital employees from five occupational categories (sedentary, ambulant-sedentary, light, moderate and heavy) wore an R-R interval recorder during a standard days’ work (mean recording time 6.4±0.9 hours). From HR histogram analysis, resting, mean and peak HRs and mean and peak indices were determined, with oxygen uptake, expressed as metabolic equivalents (METs), being estimated from the HR index equation. Results: Mean index, but not mean HR, showed a progressive increase from sedentary to heavy occupational categories, with the estimated mean MET levels for the entire work period ranging from 2.0 to 3.1 METs for males and 1.9 to 2.7 METs for females. Peak index tended to parallel the increase in mean index. Smoking had the effect of increasing resting HR by 7.5 beats∙min-1 with regular exercise participation lowering resting HR by 11.0 beats∙min-1, these two lifestyle factors limiting the accuracy of mean HR for determining exercise intensity Conclusions: Smoking and exercise habit significantly impact on resting, mean and peak HR during OPA and may influence work performance. The use of HR index as opposed to HR may improve the analysis of OPA and provide a simple method for estimation of both exercise intensity and energy expenditure.

      • Changes Observed in the 6-minute Walk Test in Response to Exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation

        John R. Wicks(John R. Wicks ),Grant T. Turner(Grant T. Turner ),Sharon L. Leslie(Sharon L. Leslie ),Rohan Jayasinghe(Rohan Jayasinghe ) 사피엔시아 2022 Exercise Medicine Vol.6 No.-

        Objectives: The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is widely used in exercise based cardiac rehabilitation (EBCR) for assessment of functional capacity. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of structured exercise in an EBCR program on 6MWT change and to determine the significance of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), pathology and exercise attendance on influencing this outcome. Methods: Data from a single centre 6-week (twice weekly exercise and education of one-hour duration) exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program were analysed. Between 2006 and 2019, 2524 patients (males 1923, females 601, mean age 63.5 ± 11.2 years) with cardiovascular disease completed a pre and post 6MWT. Analysis included the effect of age, gender, pathology, BMI and exercise attendance on 6MWT outcome. Results: The group mean improvement in the 6MWT was 21.8% (pre 6MWT 432 ± 83, post 6MWT 527 ± 102 metres). The age-related improvement showed that both males and females achieved a post 6MWT results equivalent to the pre 6MWT result of patients two decades younger with improvement in the 6MWT unrelated to exercise attendance. Conclusions: The 6MWT provides simple safe method for assessment of functional capacity in an out-of-hospital environment being suitable for all ages. The post EBCR 6MWT results showed a group mean improvement in excess of 20% for both sexes. The decline per decade in 6MWT distance is less than 20 metres up to the sixth decade with a more marked decline from the sixth to the eighth decade, the decline being approximately 40-metres for both sexes in the eighth decade.

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        InSAR Studies of Alaska Volcanoes

        Lu Zhong,Wicks Chuck,Dzurisin Dan,Power John The Korean Society of Remote Sensing 2005 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

        Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is a remote sensing technique capable of measuring ground surface deformation with sub-centimeter precision and spatial resolution in tens-of­meters over a large region. This paper describes basics of InSAR and highlights our studies of Alaskan volcanoes with InSAR images acquired from European ERS-l and ERS-2, Canadian Radarsat-l, and Japanese JERS-l satellites.

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        InSAR Studies of Alaska Volcanoes

        Zhong Lu,Chuck Wicks,Dan Dzurisin,John Power 大韓遠隔探査學會 2005 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

        Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is a remote sensing technique capable of measuring ground surface deformation with sub-centimeter precision and spatial resolution in tens-of-meters over a large region. This paper describes basics of InSAR and highlights our studies of Alaskan volcanoes with InSAR images acquired from European ERS-1 and ERS-2, Canadian Radarsat-1, and Japanese JERS-1 satellites.

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