Effect of Sources of Supplementary Protein on Intake, Digestion and Efficiency of Energy Utilization in Buffaloes Fed Wheat Straw Based Diets

Mehra, U.R.,Khan, M.Y.,Lal, Murari,Hasan, Q.Z.,Das, Asit,Bhar, R.,Verma, A.K.,Dass, R.S.,Singh, P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.5

Sixteen adult male buffaloes (average body weight $443{\pm}14kg$) were equally distributed into four groups in an experiment to study the effect of supplementary protein sources on energy utilization efficiency in buffaloes fed a wheat straw-based diet. The animals in the control group were offered a basal diet composed of 700 g deoiled ground nut cake and ad libitum wheat straw. Animals of other groups were offered 1.8 kg of soyabean meal (SBM), linseed meal (LSM) or mustard cake (MC) along with the basal diet. Protein supplementation increased the digestibility of DM (p<0.01), OM (p<0.01) CP (p<0.01) and CF (p<0.05). Maximum CP digestibility was observed on SBM, followed by LSM and MC when compared to the control. Total DMI and DOMI was significantly (p<0.01) higher in protein supplemented groups with no differences between treatment groups. Digestible crude protein (DCP) intake and N balance were significantly (p<0.01) different between the groups; maximum response was obtained with SBM supplementation, followed by LSM and MC. Faecal energy was significantly (p<0.01) lower in SBM and LSM groups in comparison to other groups. Methane production (% DEI) was significantly (p<0.05) lower on the SBM treatment. Metabolizable energy (ME) intake increased significantly due to protein supplementation. Metabolizable energy intake (MEI) of animals in the MC group was less than LSM and SBM. Energy balance was increased significantly (p<0.01) due to protein supplementation and within supplement variation was also significant with maximum balance in SBM followed by LSM and MC groups. Protein supplementation significantly (p<0.05) increased the digestibility and metabolizability of energy from whole ration. Metabolizable energy (ME) content (Mcal/kg DM) of SBM, LSM and MC was 4.49, 3.56 and 2.56, respectively. It was concluded that protein supplementation of wheat straw increased intake, digestibility and metabolizability of energy and maximum response could be obtained when soybean meal was used as a supplement.

A sensitive fluorescent probe for the polar solvation dynamics at protein-surfactant interfaces

Singh, P.,Choudhury, S.,Singha, S.,Jun, Y.,Chakraborty, S.,Sengupta, J.,Das, R.,Ahn, K. H.,Pal, S. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.19 No.19

<P>Relaxation dynamics at the surface of biologically important macromolecules is important taking into account their functionality in molecular recognition. Over the years it has been shown that the solvation dynamics of a fluorescent probe at biomolecular surfaces and interfaces account for the relaxation dynamics of polar residues and associated water molecules. However, the sensitivity of the dynamics depends largely on the localization and exposure of the probe. For noncovalent fluorescent probes, localization at the region of interest in addition to surface exposure is an added challenge compared to the covalently attached probes at the biological interfaces. Here we have used a synthesized donor-acceptor type dipolar fluorophore, 6-acetyl-(2-((4-hydroxycyclohexyl)(methyl) amino) naphthalene) (ACYMAN), for the investigation of the solvation dynamics of a model protein-surfactant interface. A significant structural rearrangement of a model histone protein (H1) upon interaction with anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as revealed from the circular dichroism (CD) studies is nicely corroborated in the solvation dynamics of the probe at the interface. The polarization gated fluorescence anisotropy of the probe compared to that at the SDS micellar surface clearly reveals the localization of the probe at the protein-surfactant interface. We have also compared the sensitivity of ACYMAN with other solvation probes including coumarin 500 (C500) and 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylamino-styryl)-4H-pyran (DCM). In comparison to ACYMAN, both C500 and DCM fail to probe the interfacial solvation dynamics of a model protein-surfactant interface. While C500 is found to be delocalized from the protein-surfactant interface, DCM becomes destabilized upon the formation of the interface (protein-surfactant complex). The timescales obtained from this novel probe have also been compared with other femtosecond resolved studies and molecular dynamics simulations.</P>

The Effects of Copper Supplementation on the Performance and Hematological Parameters of Broiler Chickens

Samanta, B.,Ghosh, P.R.,Biswas, A.,Das, S.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2011 Animal Bioscience Vol.24 No.7

To determine the efficiency of copper (Cu) supplementation, a feeding experiment was carried out with 240 day old broiler chicks (vencobb-100). Birds were divided into four dietary treatments: i) C - no additives, ii) $T_1$-75 mg inclusion of Cu/kg diet, iii) $T_2$-150 mg inclusion of Cu/kg diet, iv) $T_3$-250 mg inclusion of Cu/kg diet. The present study was carried out in the Department of Animal Physiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India for a period of 42 days (6 weeks). Growth performance was measured in terms of live weight gain, cumulative feed intake and feed conversion ratio at the end of $21^{st}$ and $42^{nd}$ day of the experiment and the result was found to be encouraging for commercial enterprises when the chickens were fed at 150 mg Cu/kg ($T_2$) of their diet. Excess dietary copper more than 150 mg/kg reduced the haemoglobin (Hb) concentration in blood and resulted in the accumulation of copper in the liver with decreased blood Hb concentration and packed cell volumes (PCV). Copper supplementation increased the total erythrocyte count (TEC) as copper is involved in erythropoiesis. But, from the result it is indicated that the dietary copper concentration could not alter the total leukocyte count (TLC). In case of different leucocytes count (DLC), there were no significant differences observed among the different treated groups. Statistical analysis showed significant (p<0.01) difference in plasma concentration of copper, zinc, ferrous and cholesterol among the different copper treated groups. The result indicates that supplementation of copper is an effective way of improving the production performance and haematological parameters in broiler chicken.

Aberration in the structural paradigm of lens protein α crystallin by UV-C irradiation

R. K. Ghosh,T. Kar,B. Dutta,A. Pathak,R. Rakshit,R. Basak,A. Das,K. Waheeda,P. Basak,M. Bhattacharyya 한국응용생명화학회 2018 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.61 No.3

The conformation of lens protein α crystallin was investigated using different spectroscopic techniques under normal and UV-C-irradiated condition. The structural elucidation of commercially available lens protein α crystallin under the effects of UV-C irradiation has never been reported earlier. To study the effects of irradiation on the lens protein, we used UV–visible spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy, and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements along with FTIR study, under increasing doses of UV-C irradiation. Using the secondary and tertiary structural changes as parameters for detecting conformational perturbation, we investigated the structural paradigm shift in the lens protein α crystallin. Increasing doses of UV-C radiation resulted in decreasing β sheet content of α crystallin from 30 to 10%. The fluorescence profile confirmed the formation of ROS species in the protein upon extensive exposure to UV-C irradiation. These results inferred UV-C irradiation may induce alteration of secondary structure of the lens protein leading to impaired biological functioning.

Impedance Analysis of K2Pb2X2W2Ti4Nb4O30 (X = Nd, Y) Tungsten Bronze Ceramics

R. Padhee,Piyush R. Das,B. N. Parida,R. N. P. Choudhary 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.64 No.7

This paper highlights the electrical properties of two new complex tungsten bonze ceramics(K2Pb2Nd2W2Ti4Nb4O30 and K2Pb2Y2W2Ti4Nb4O30) that were prepared by using the high -temperature mixed - oxide method. The variations of impedance parameters with temperature (27− 500 C) and frequency (1 − 5 MHz) showed the grain and the grain - boundary effects in thesamples. The variations of the dielectric parameters with frequency were also studied. The variationof the ac conductivity with temperature clearly showed that the materials exhibited thermally- activated transport properties of an Arrhenius type.

Dielectric and electrical properties of a tungsten bronze tantalate ceramic

R. Padhee,Piyush R. Das,B. N. Parida,S. Behera,R. N. P. Choudhary 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.6

Using high temperature solid state reaction the polycrystalline sample of K2Pb2Dy2W2Ti4Ta4O30 was prepared. Single-phase compound formation was confirmed by preliminary X-ray structural analysis. The surface morphology recorded by scanning electron microscope at room temperature exhibits a dense uniform grain distribution on the surface of the sample. Ferroelectricity in the material is confirmed by the variation of polarization with temperature. The temperature and frequency dependence of electrical parameters (impedance, modulus, conductivity, etc.) of the material exhibits a strong correlation with its microstructure (i.e., bulk, grain boundary, etc.) and electrical properties. A typical Arrhenius behavior was observed in the temperature dependence of dc conductivity. The nature of frequency dependence of ac conductivity obeys Jonscher’s universal power law. The variation of current with temperature shows that the material has high pyroelectric coefficient and figure of merit, thus making it useful for pyroelectric sensors with working temperature upto 500 ℃.

Studies on sodium and potassium metabolism and subsequent influence on electrocardiogram in unilaterally adrenalectomized black Bengal goat

P.K.Das,G.D.V. Pandiyan,P.R.Ghosh,B.C.Das,S. Sanyal 대한수의학회 2005 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.6 No.4

Unilateral adrenalectomy was performed in six black Bengal goat (Capra hircus) to study electrocardiograph in connection with mineral metabolism with special reference to sodium and potassium and some other factors of physiological importance. The parameters were studied at every 12 hrs interval upto 120 hrs and 24 hrs interval from 120 to 240 hrs. Physiological parameters, like body weight and rectal temperature, changed non-significantly (p < 0.05) after adrenalectomy. Among minerals, plasma sodium (p < 0.01) and plasma potassium (p < 0.05) concentration were changed significantly between hours leaving impression in ECG as widening of QRS complex and peaked T wave with increased amplitude found after unilateral adrenalectomy. Heart rate also increased significantly (p < 0.01) between hours.

Aberration in the structural paradigm of lens protein α crystallin by UV-C irradiation

Ghosh, R.K.,Kar, T.,Dutta, B.,Pathak, A.,Rakshit, R.,Basak, R.,Das, A.,Waheeda, K.,Basak, P.,Bhattacharyya, M. The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2018 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.61 No.3

The conformation of lens protein ${\alpha}$ crystallin was investigated using different spectroscopic techniques under normal and UV-C-irradiated condition. The structural elucidation of commercially available lens protein ${\alpha}$ crystallin under the effects of UV-C irradiation has never been reported earlier. To study the effects of irradiation on the lens protein, we used UV-visible spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy, and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements along with FTIR study, under increasing doses of UV-C irradiation. Using the secondary and tertiary structural changes as parameters for detecting conformational perturbation, we investigated the structural paradigm shift in the lens protein ${\alpha}$ crystallin. Increasing doses of UV-C radiation resulted in decreasing ${\beta}$ sheet content of ${\alpha}$ crystallin from 30 to 10%. The fluorescence profile confirmed the formation of ROS species in the protein upon extensive exposure to UV-C irradiation. These results inferred UV-C irradiation may induce alteration of secondary structure of the lens protein leading to impaired biological functioning.

Large Vocabulary Natural Language Continuous Speech Recognition

Bakis, L.R.,Bellegarda, J.,Brown, P.F.,Burshtein, D.,Das, S.K.,Souza, P.V.ed,Gopalakrishnan, P.S.,Jelinck, F.,Kanevsky, D.,Mercer, R.L.,Nadas, A.J.,Nahamoo, D.,Picheny, M.A. 서울대학교 어학연구소 1990 語學硏究 Vol.26 No.4

The present paper describes our current research on automatic speech recognition of continuously read sentences from a naturally-occurring corpus: office correspondence. The recognition system combines features from our current isolated-word recognition system and from our previously developed continuous speech recognition systems. It consists of an acoustic processor, an acoustic channel model, a language model, and a linguistic decoder. Some new features in the recognizer relative to our isolated-word speech recognition system include the use of a fast match to rapidly prune to a manageable number the candidates considered by the detailed match, multiple pronunciations of all function words, and modelling of interphone coarticulatory behavior. To date, we have recorded training and test data from a set of 10 males talkers. The test data consist of 50 sentences drawn from spontaneously generated memos covered by a 5000 word vocabulary. The perplexity of the test sentences was found to be 93 ; none of the sentences were part of the data used to generate the language model. Preliminary (speaker-dependent) recognition results on these takers yielded an average word error rate of 11.0%.

Fast Marx Generator for Directly Driving a Virtual Cathode Oscillator

Biswajit Adhikary,Anurag Shyam,R. Shukla,S. K. Sharma,P. Banerjee,P. Deb,T. Prabaharan,R. Das,B. K. Das 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.61

This paper presents the design, development and testing of a fast, compact hybrid-type Marx generator which is suitable to directly drive a high-power microwave producing virtual cathode oscillator. The developed Marx generator has an open circuit voltage of 300 kV, a pulse width of 640 ns (FWHM) and a rise time of 200 ns. The fast rise time is achieved by reducing the inductance of the discharge path with the help of specially designed spark gaps. The Marx generator operates in open air now, but will soon be placed in a container with insulation that will help to charge the stage capacitors to their maximum voltage rating repeatedly, it will also help to reduce the rise time further by bringing the return path close thus reducing the inductance. The Marx generator has six stages, and all stages are charged to same polarity, with 1.8 kJ being stored at full charge. The operational characteristics, such as the impedance, inductance, current- delivering capacity, rise time, etc; of the developed Marx generator are determined experimentally. A detailed study on the effect of loading on the generator and its performance is also conducted. The overall size of the generator without its container is 0.8m in length, 0.45m in height and 0.35m in width.