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Gong Xiaowei,Luo Huajun,Hong Liu,Wu Jun,Wu Heng,Song Chunxia,Zhao Wei,Han Yi,Dao Ya,Zhang Xia,Zhu Donglai,Luo Yiyong 한국미생물학회 2022 The journal of microbiology Vol.60 No.8
Tryptophol (TOL) is a metabolic derivative of tryptophan (Trp) and shows pleiotropic effects in humans, plants and microbes. In this study, the effect of Trp and phenylalanine (Phe) on TOL production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was determined, and a systematic interpretation of TOL accumulation was offered by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Trp significantly promoted TOL production, but the output plateaued (231.02−266.31 mg/L) at Trp concentrations ≥ 0.6 g/L. In contrast, Phe reduced the stimulatory effect of Trp, which was strongly dependent on the Phe concentration. An integrated genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analysis revealed that the effect of Trp and Phe on TOL production was mainly related to the transamination and decarboxylation of the Ehrlich pathway. Additionally, other genes, including thiamine regulon genes (this), the allantoin catabolic genes dal1, dal2, dal4, and the transcriptional activator gene aro80, may play important roles. These findings were partly supported by the fact that the thi4 gene was involved in TOL production, as shown by heterologous expression analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this novel biological function of thi4 in S. cerevisiae is reported here for the first time. Overall, our findings provide insights into the mechanism of TOL production, which will contribute to TOL production using metabolic engineering strategies.
Two Typical Synoptic‑Scale Weather Patterns of Dust Events over the Tibetan Plateau
Xingya Feng,Rui Mao,Dao‑Yi Gong,Guangjian Wu,Cuicui Shi,Guohao Liang,Yufei Wang 한국기상학회 2023 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.59 No.4
Synoptic-scale weather systems play dominant roles in inducing high tropospheric dust over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, few studies have summarized the typical synoptic-scale weather patterns when high tropospheric dust occursover the TP, as well as the difference between the distribution and transport methods of dust under weather patterns. Basedon dust optical depth (DOD) from remote sensing data and reanalysis data during 2000 to 2019, two typical synoptic-scaleweather patterns (T1 and T2) in the middle troposphere in association with high DOD in spring over the TP were obtainedby using the self-organizing map (SOM) clustering method. The results show that the T1 features a deep trough over theAltai Mountains and the westerly wind increases over the TP. As a result, dust is transported from the Taklimakan Desertand Qaidam Basin to the upper troposphere and extends to the TP and northern China. T2 shows a low-pressure system overthe western TP and decreased westerly winds over the TP, resulting in dust from the Taklimakan Desert, Qaidam Basin, andwestern TP to downstream areas. T1 (T2) contributes more to DOD over the eastern (western) TP. Therefore, we believe thata small increase (decrease) in DOD in the western (eastern) part of the TP from 2000 to 2019 may be related to an increase(decrease) in the occurrence of the T2 (T1). This work may provide a new possibility for projecting dust transport and itsinfluence on tropospheric dust over the TP.
Changes in Dust Activity in Spring over East Asia under a Global Warming Scenario
Qi Zong,Rui Mao,Dao-Yi Gong,Chenglai Wu,Bing Pu,Xingya Feng,Yijie Sun 한국기상학회 2021 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.57 No.4
Dust activity not only influences human health through dust storms but also affects climate at local and regional scales through the direct effects of dust aerosols on both solar and longwave radiative heating. In this study, based on dust simulations from seven Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models, the spatial and temporal changes in dust activity over East Asia under a Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 global warming scenario were examined for the periods of 2016– 2035 (P1), 2046–2065 (P2) and 2080–2099 (P3). The results show that the multimodel ensemble mean (MME) of the CMIP5 models largely captures the spatial distribution of dust emissions and dust optical depth (DOD) over East Asia during 1986–2005 (P0). The MME reproduces the increasing trend in dust emissions and DOD over dust sources in East Asia during P0. Accompanying emission reductions during P1 to P3, the DOD simultaneously decreases, and the evident DOD decline can also be found over downwind areas in eastern China and the Korean Peninsula. Simulations project increases in precipitation and the LAI (leaf area index). Simultaneously, the weakened East Asian trough leads to anomalous southerly winds and lower wind speeds at the surface. All these results indicate unfavorable conditions for dust emissions over the sources regions, resulting in a decreased DOD over East Asia during P1 to P3.
The Influence of Vegetation Variation on Northeast Asian Dust Activity
Rui Mao,허창회,Song Feng,Dao-Yi Gong,Yaping Shao 한국기상학회 2013 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.49 No.1
In this study, we investigate the influence of vegetation variations on dust activity (dust load, dust transport in the troposphere,and dust weather frequency) over Northeast Asia during springtime. By using the Integrated Wind Erosion Modeling System,two model experiments are run over four-month periods, from February 1 to May 31, for each year from 1982 to 2006; one experiment uses the observed atmospheric conditions and vegetation (OBS), and the other uses the specified atmospheric conditions in 2006 and the observed vegetation (CTRL). Comparison of the two model experiments reveals that there are sensitive regions in southeastern Mongolia and central northern China, in which vegetation has a large potential to influence dust activity due to both the high dust emission rate and large variations in vegetation coverage. Over these sensitive regions,vegetation effectively lessens dust loads on interannual and interdecadal timescales; dust load is decreased by 2864 μg m−2 for an increment of 0.1 in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Vegetation increase in the sensitive areas also reduces two major branches of dust transports in the low troposphere; one stretches from eastern Mongolia to regions northeastward, and the other flows across the south of northeastern China to Korea. In addition to dust loads and transports, vegetation increase in the sensitive areas evidently decreases dust storm frequency and blowing dust frequency, but it exerts a weak influence on the floating dust frequency. In the sensitive regions, as NDVI increases by 0.1, dust storms, blowing dust,and floating dust decrease by 4.0 days/spring, 1.5 days/spring, and 0.2 days/spring, respectively. In summary, vegetation variations in southeastern Mongolia and central northern China have considerable impact on northeast Asian dust during springtime.