LOOKING THROUGH ROSE-COLORED GLASSES? THE IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL BRAND ATTACHMENT ON BRAND EXTENSION SUCCESS

Daniel Heinrich,David E. Sprott,Carmen-Maria Albrecht 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

Brand extensions are a critical strategy for the introduction of new products, which are often prone to failure. The use of an established brand can help promote acceptance of the new product by reducing perceived risk, enhancing efficiencies in terms of distribution and promotion, and reducing overall costs associated with launching the new product. Previous research regarding brand extensions has shown that various factors influence success of brand extensions (e.g., marketing support and retailer acceptance). One of the most important factors driving brand extension success is the fit between a parent brand and its extension. A new marketing construct, emotional attachment to a brand, has recently been introduced to the brand extension literature. However, the role of consumers’ brand attachment, in terms of reactions to a brand extension has largely been ignored by researchers. The lack of research on brand extensions and brand attachment is somewhat surprising, given the considerable body of research findings that show consumers who are emotionally tied to a brand respond differently to that brand due to increased attachment. Building on this body of work, we propose that consumers who are emotionally attached to a brand will be less impacted by the degree of fit between the parent brand and its extension. In this research, we show that emotional attachment with a brand is an important factor underlying consumers’ responses to a brand extension. In particular, we explore the moderating role of brand attachment on consumers’ responses to extensions that vary in terms of fit with the parent brand. We also explore the process underlying observed effects. These issues are examined with an experiment regarding extensions for a real-world brand. Further, mediated moderation analyses indicate that the moderating effect of brand attachment is mediated by brand image fit, but not by product category fit. Implications of our findings for managers and researchers are also are provided.

관찰대상중심적(person - centered) 접근을 통한 청소년비행의 발달궤적 연구

정익중,Daniel S. Nagin,J. David Hawkins,Karl G. Hill 한국사회복지연구회(서울대학교 사회복지연구소) 2001 사회복지연구 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 관찰대상중심적 (person-centered) 접근중의 하나인 혼합형 모형 (mixture modeling)을 적용하여 청소년비행의 발달궤적(developmental trajectories)을 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구는 1985년부터 현재까지 진행중인 Seattle Development Project에서 수집된 15년간의 종단적 패널자료를 이용하였다. 기존 연구의 주류를 이루는 관찰변수중심적(variable-centered) 접근에서는 모든 청소년들에게 일률적으로 적용되는 평균 발달경로를 밝히는데 중점을 두는데 반하여, 이 연구는 혼합형 모형의 일종인 준모수적 집단중심모형(semi-parametric group-based modeling)을 사용하여 청소년비행의 다양한 발달궤적을 제시하였다. 본 연구결과 청소년비행에는 5가지 형태의 발달궤적-만성형 비행청소년(chronic offender), 점증형 비행청소년(escalator), 중단형 비행청소년(desister), 후발형 비행청소년(late onsetter), 비(非)비행청소년(non offender)-이 존재하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이 관찰대상중심적 발달궤적 연구는 다음과 같은 실천적 함의를 제공한다. 첫째, 성인기에 심각한 범죄를 유발하기 쉬운 환경에 노출되어 있는 청소년들을 사전에 발견할 수 있도록 도와준다. 둘째, 청소년비행의 상이한 발달궤적에 영향을 미치는 독특한 보호 및 위험요소들이 무엇인지 분석할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 청소년들의 상이한 발달궤적에 따른 적절한 비행예방 프로그램 개발에 적극적으로 활용될 수 있는 사회사업적 실천지침을 제공한다.

Non-invasive estimation of relative pressure in turbulent flow using virtual work-energy

Marlevi, David,Ha, Hojin,Dillon-Murphy, Desmond,Fernandes, Joao F.,Fovargue, Daniel,Colarieti-Tosti, Massimiliano,Larsson, Matilda,Lamata, Pablo,Figueroa, C. Alberto,Ebbers, Tino,Nordsletten, David A. Elsevier 2020 Medical image analysis Vol.60 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Vascular pressure differences are established risk markers for a number of cardiovascular diseases. Relative pressures are, however, often driven by turbulence-induced flow fluctuations, where conventional non-invasive methods may yield inaccurate results. Recently, we proposed a novel method for non-turbulent flows, <I>ν</I>WERP, utilizing the concept of virtual work-energy to accurately probe relative pressure through complex branching vasculature. Here, we present an extension of this approach for turbulent flows: <I>ν</I>WERP-t. We present a theoretical method derivation based on flow covariance, quantifying the impact of flow fluctuations on relative pressure. <I>ν</I>WERP-t is tested on a set of <I>in-vitro</I> stenotic flow phantoms with data acquired by 4D flow MRI with six-directional flow encoding, as well as on a patient-specific <I>in-silico</I> model of an acute aortic dissection. Over all tests <I>ν</I>WERP-t shows improved accuracy over alternative energy-based approaches, with excellent recovery of estimated relative pressures. In particular, the use of a guaranteed divergence-free virtual field improves accuracy in cases where turbulent flows skew the apparent divergence of the acquired field. With the original <I>ν</I>WERP allowing for assessment of relative pressure into previously inaccessible vasculatures, the extended <I>ν</I>WERP-t further enlarges the method's clinical scope, underlining its potential as a novel tool for assessing relative pressure <I>in-vivo</I>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> vWERP-t uses virtual work-energy to accurately assess turbulent relative pressure. </LI> <LI> In-vitro, vWERP-t shows 1:1 agreement with invasive measurements of relative pressure. </LI> <LI> In transient flow, vWERP-t shows significant improvement compared to other approaches. </LI> <LI> vWERP-t guarantees divergence free flow even in turbulent fields, improving accuracy. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

One-Stop Management to Initiate Thrombolytic Treatment on the Computed Tomography Table: Adoption and Results

Michal Haršány,Michal Bar,David Černík,Roman Herzig,René Jura,Lubomír Jurák,Jiří Neumann,Daniel Šaňák,Svatopluk Ostrý,Petr Ševčík,Ondřej Škoda,David Školoudík,Daniel Václavík,Aleš Tomek,Robert Mikulík 대한뇌졸중학회 2021 Journal of stroke Vol.23 No.3

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A Brief Look At Korea's First WTO Case : DRAMs

James P. Durling;Daniel L. Porter;David M. Walters 법무부 1999 통상법률 Vol.- No.26

작년 8월 한국 정부는 미국이 현대전자와 LG반도체의 D-RAM 반도체에 대해 덤핑을 계속할 우려가 있는 이유만으로 반덤핑 관세부과를 철회하지 않자 미국을 세계무역기구(WTO)에 제소하였다. 이에 대하여 작년 말 WTO 패널은 미국이 반 덤핑 조치를 계속시키면서 적용한 미국 연방 행정규제법 관련조항이 WTO 반덤 핑 협정 (Anti-dumping Agreement) 에 어긋난다며 미국에 대하여 관련 조항의 시정을 권고하는 결정을 내렸다. 이어 지난 3월 19일, WTO 분쟁해결기구(Dispute Settlement Body)는 이 패널의 결정을 최종 채택하였다. WTO 패널이 시정 권고한 조항은 미국 상무부가 외국기업에 대한 반덤핑 조치를 철회할 수 있는 요건 중 “해당 기업이 향후 다시 덤핑할 가능성이 없어야 한다”는 조항이다. 이번 한미간 반도체 무역분쟁은 한국이 다른 나라의 무역 관행에 이의를 제기하기 위해 WTO 산하에 최근에 설립된 분쟁해결기구를 이용한 첫 사례이다. 이번 평결은 한국 정부에게는 물론 현대전자와 LG반도체에게 있어 대승리라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 WTO 패널은 동 판결에서 또한 한국의 주장 중 많은 부분을 기각시킴으로써 미국이 부분적인 승리를 주장하도록 하는 결과를 낳기도 했다. 이번 D-RAM 반도체 분쟁은 여러 가지 이유로 주목할 만 하다. 첫째, 이 사건은 WTO의 분쟁해결에 관한 양해각서(Dispute Settlement Understanding)에 따라 새로 발족된 분쟁해결기구를 한국이 이용한 첫 번째 사례였다. 둘째로, 이번 D-RAM 분쟁은 세계무역 체제에서 가장 민감하고 논쟁의 대상이 되는 이슈 중 하나라고 할 수 있는 미국에 의한 반덤핑법 남용을 공격한 사례이기도 했다. 미국은 그 동안 위 조항을 남용하여 외국기업에 대한 반덤핑 조치를 철회하지 않았다는 국제 무역업계의 비난을 받아왔다. 셋째,이번 D-RAM 분쟁은 WTO 발족 이래 반덤핑 협정에 관해 제기된 분쟁에 대하여 WTO 패널이 내린 두 번째 평결에 해당한다. 두 경우에서 모두 WTO 패 널은 제소 대상국 국내 당국에 의한 반덤핑법 집행이 WTO 반덤핑협정과 일치하 지 않는다는 판결을 내렸다. 이에 따라 WTO 패널이 해당국 당국의 결정을 무조 건적으로 따르지는 않을 것이라는 것이 명백해졌다. 넷째, 이번 D-RAM 분쟁은 WTO 패널의 판결의 이행과 그 유효성에 대한 향후 의 논의에 있어 중요한 지표가 될 것이다. 자국의 반덤핑법의 집행을 비판한 WTO 패널의 평결을 미국이 어떻게 이행할 것인지,또 한국이 이에 어떻게 대응할지 귀추가 주목된다. 이런 면에서 현재 EU와 미국간에 진행 중인 바나나 분쟁과 쇠고기 분쟁에서와 마찬가지로 이번 D-RAM 분 쟁의 여파가 어떻게 진행될 지가 그 분쟁 자체만큼이나 홍미로울 것으로 예상된다. 장기적으로 볼 때,WTO 체제의 성패는 각 국가가 WTO의 분쟁해결의 결과를 수 용하고 이를 성실히 실행에 옮길 의지가 있느냐에 따라 좌우될 것이다. 그러한 점 에서 이번 D-RAM 반도체 분쟁과 관련한 미국의 태도는 특히 우려할 만하다. 미국은 한국을 대상으로 WTO에 여러 번 제소한 바 있고 그 중 여러 분쟁에서 승리를 거두었다. 미국은 한국 정부에게 그러한 평결들을 이행하라고 압력을 가해왔다. 그러나 이번 분쟁에서 한국의 제소에 대해 WTO 패널이 미국 정부에게 자국 정책의 재고를 권고하자 미국은 그 패널 결정에 따르는 결과를 회피하려는 노력을 하고 있는 것이다. 비록 미국에서 반덤핑법이 정치적으로 민감한 문제이기는 하지만 미국 정부는 WTO의 결정을 성실히 이행해야 할 것이다. 이번 D-RAM 반도체 분쟁에 관한 WTO의 결정에 대해 미국이 보여 준 초기 반응은 좋은 시작이라고는 할 수 없다.

A new formulation of cracking in concrete structures based on lumped damage mechanics

Daniel V.C. Teles,Rafael N. Cunha,Ricardo A. Picón,David L.N.F. Amorim,Yongtao Bai,Sergio P.B. Proença,Julio Flórez-López 국제구조공학회 2023 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.88 No.5

Lumped Damage Mechanics (LDM) is a theory proposed in the late eighties, which assumes that structural collapse may be analyzed as a two-phase phenomenon. In the first (pre-localization) stage, energy dissipation is a continuous process and it may be modelled by means of the classic versions of the theory of plasticity or Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM). The second, post-localization, phase can be modelled assuming that energy dissipation is lumped in zones of zero volume: inelastic hinges, hinge lines or localization surfaces. This paper proposes a new LDM formulation for cracking in concrete structures in tension. It also describes its numerical implementation in conventional finite element programs. The results of three numerical simulations of experimental tests reported in the literature are presented. They correspond to plain and fiber-reinforced concrete specimens. A fourth simulation describes also the experimental results of a new test using the digital image correlation technique. These numerical simulations are also compared with the ones obtained using conventional Cohesive Fracture Mechanics (CFM). It is then shown that LDM conserves the advantages of both, CDM and CFM, while overcoming their drawbacks.

A development study of drain fluid gastrografin as a biomarker of anastomotic leak

David A. Clark,Edward Yeoh,Aleksandra Edmundson,Craig Harris,Andrew Stevenson,Daniel Steffens,Michael Solomon 대한대장항문학회 2022 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.38 No.2

Purpose: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is the anathema of colorectal surgery. Its occurrence leads to increased morbidity and mortality and a prolonged hospital stay. Much work has gone into studying various biomarkers in drain fluid to facilitate early detection of AL. This stage 2a development study aims to assess the safety and feasibility of reliably detecting the iodine in Gastrografin (GG; Bayer Australia Ltd.) in drain fluid and stool samples by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT). Methods: This is a prospective, observational, controlled, consecutive cohort study establishing the safety and feasibility of the detection of GG in surgical drain fluid and stool as a biomarker of AL when patients with a low pelvic colorectal anastomosis undergo luminal flushing of the rectal tube with GG. Results: Ten consecutive patients were allocated to the saline flush group and the following 10 to the GG flush group. Three patients in the saline flush group developed an AL. One patient in the GG flush group developed an AL. An elevation in the drain fluid GG was detected using DECT on the day of clinical deterioration. None of the patients in the control group were found to have a positive result on DECT. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the safety of a novel approach to the early detection of AL from extraperitoneal colorectal anastomoses. The technique requires validation in a larger cohort and a multicenter study is planned to investigate the efficacy of GG rectal tube flushes as an early biomarker of AL in low pelvic anastomoses.

Brachial Plexus Injury : Mechanisms, Surgical Treatment and Outcomes

Daniel H.Kim,Judith A.Mirovic,David G.Kline 대한신경외과학회 2004 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.36 No.3

This paper reviews the mechanisms of brachial plexus injury which includes the traumatic : stretch/contusions with or without avulsion, gunshot wounds(GSWs) and lacerations and the nontraumatic from tumors and the various etiologies of thoracic outlet syndrome(TOS). Another type of brachial plexus injury is that of obstetrical birth injury. The paper also reviews the anatomy of the brachial plexus and operative approaches with the anterior approach used in the majority of cases. The posterior subscapular approach with resection of the first rib is occasionally used for tumor resection, GSWs of the lower roots and trunk and the majority of patients with TOS. Surgical techniques and their indications in brachial plexus surgery are presented including nerve action potential(NAP) recording, neurolysis, end-to-end suture anastomosis repair and graft repair including split-repair. The mechanisms of brachial plexus injury are individually reviewed and results for each type of repair of same from the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center(LSUHSC) experience with 1,019 patients between 1968-1998 are summarized. There were 509 (49%) stretch/contusion injuries, which was the majority lesion followed in number by brachial plexus GSWs (12%) and lacerations (7%). Nontraumatic brachial plexus injuries included tumors (16%) and TOS (16%). Obstetrical brachial plexus injury though not included with the 1,019 patients presented in a paper by Kim and Kline et al (J Neurosurg 98 : 1005-1016, 2003) are presented and the LSUHSC experience with these are included as well.

Viscous Dietary Fibers Improve Glucose Control and Reduce Adiposity while Fermentable Fibers Increase Long-Chain Acylcarnitines in ZDF Rats

David A. Brockman,Daniel D. Gallaher,Xiaoli Chen 한국식품영양과학회 2011 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2011 No.10

Effect of Oseltamivir on Catecholamines and Select Oxidative Stress Markers in the Presence of Oligoelements in the Rat Brain

David Calderón Guzmán,Ernestina Hernández García,Norma Osnaya Brizuela,Francisca Trujillo Jiménez,Gerardo Barragán Mejía,Daniel Santamaría del Ángel,Elvira Nuñez A,Liliana Carmona Aparicio,Hugo Juárez 대한약학회 2010 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.33 No.10

The effect that osteltamivir has on the metabolism of catecholamines and oxidative damage in the brains of young patients remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of oseltamivir, in the presence of oligoelements, on biogenic amines and select oxidative biomarkers in the brains of uninfected, young rats under normal conditions. The study was conducted using male Wistar rats intraperitoneally treated for three days with either a control dose of 0.9 % NaCl, oseltamivir (50 mg/kg), oligoelements (50 μL/rat), or oseltamivir (50 mg/kg) and oligoelements (50 μL/rat). The brain tissue extracted from the treated rats was used to determine the concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine, as well as the levels of GSH, lipid peroxidation, and ATPase activity. An increase in the concentration of adrenaline and noradrenaline and in the level of GSH in the group treated with oligoelements (p < 0.001) was observed, while the group treated with oseltamivir and oligoelements, the levels of dopamine increased (p < 0.001), and in the groups treated with oligoelements alone or combination with oseltamivir a decrease in lipid peroxidation was observed (p < 0.001). The results of this study suggest that the consumption of oseltamivir and oligoelements induce biphasic changes in the metabolism of catecholamines; thereby, inducing a protective mechanism against oxidative damage in the brains of young rats.