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Hwang, Dahyun,Jo, HyunA,Kim, Jeong-Keun,Lim, Young-Hee Elsevier 2017 Journal of Functional Foods Vol.35 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Control of inflammation and mucin expression is important in managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study investigated the effects of an ethanol extract of <I>Ramulus mori</I> containing oxyresveratrol (ERMO) on inflammation and intestinal mucin production. The anti-inflammatory effect of ERMO was measured both <I>in vitro</I> using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line, and <I>in vivo</I> with a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse colitis model; its mucin-promoting activity was measured in LS 174T goblet cell line. We found that ERMO significantly reduced inflammatory mediators both cells and mice. In the LS 174T goblet cells, ERMO significantly increased <I>MUC2</I> and <I>TFF3</I> mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner compared with negative control cells. ERMO regenerated intestinal mucus layer and showed disease-alleviating effects in DSS-induced mouse colitis model. In conclusion, ERMO significantly attenuates acute colitis by suppressing inflammation and stimulating mucin production.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Oxyresveratrol-containing <I>R. mori</I> ethanol extract (ERMO) reduced inflammation. </LI> <LI> ERMO increased mucin synthesis through increased expression of MUC2 and TFF3. </LI> <LI> ERMO regenerated intestinal mucus layer in DSS-induced mouse colitis model. </LI> <LI> ERMO showed disease-alleviating effects in DSS-induced mouse colitis model. </LI> <LI> ERMO attenuated acute colitis by suppressing inflammation and stimulating mucin production. </LI> </UL> </P>
Hwang, Dahyun,Jo, HyunA.,Ma, Seong-Ho,Lim, Young-Hee Elsevier 2018 Food and chemical toxicology Vol.118 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The intestinal mucus layer plays an important role in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oxyresveratrol (OXY), an antioxidant, on the stimulation of mucin production in human LS 174T goblet cells and the underlying mechanism thereof. OXY increased MUC2 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. By performing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we found that the expression of nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase1 (NaPRT1) in OXY-treated LS 174T cells was greatly increased compared with that in negative control cells. In addition, the NAD<SUP>+</SUP>/NADH ratio was increased in proportion to OXY in LS 174T cells. The expression of NAD<SUP>+</SUP>-synthesis enzymes, NaPRT1, nicotinamide riboside kinase1 (NRK1) and nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase1 (Nmnat1) was significantly increased at both the mRNA and protein levels in OXY-treated LS 174T cells. The inhibition of <I>NaPRT1</I> and <I>NRK1</I> did not decrease MUC2 expression after inhibiting by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-<I>NaPRT1</I> and siRNA-<I>NRK1</I>, respectively; however, inhibition of <I>Nmnat</I> by an Nmnat inhibitor decreased <I>MUC2</I> expression in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, OXY increases NAD<SUP>+</SUP> levels, resulting in the stimulation of MUC2 expression in LS 174T cells. These findings present a novel role for NAD<SUP>+</SUP> in stimulation of MUC2 expression.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Oxyresveratrol (OXY) increases mucin synthesis by regulating NAD<SUP>+</SUP>-related metabolism. </LI> <LI> OXY stimulates all of the enzymes involved in NAD<SUP>+</SUP> synthesis in the salvage pathway. </LI> <LI> Nmnat is a key enzyme involved in stimulating NAD<SUP>+</SUP>-dependent mucin production induced by OXY. </LI> </UL> </P>
Dahyun Hwang,Young-Hee Lim,Kwang-Soon Shin,Jong-Ho Koh 한국식품과학회 2019 한국식품과학회지 Vol.51 No.3
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is widely known for its beneficial effects on human health. To investigate the beneficial effects of polysaccharides from cherry tomato, cherry tomato polysaccharides (CTP) were prepared, the component sugars were analyzed, and the immunomodulatory activities in RAW 264.7 macrophages were assessed. CTP mainly contained arabinose (Ara) and galactose (Gal), suggesting that CTP might be enriched with an arabinogalactan (AG) moiety. The Ara and Gal present in CTP are likely components of AG-II (35.4%), namely arabino-β-(3,6)-galactan. To investigate the immunomodulatory activity of CTP, cytokine levels and iNOS2, COX-2, and NF-κB protein levels were analyzed, and NF-κB nuclear translocation and phagocytosis were observed by immunofluorescence. CTP significantly increased the levels of TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6. CTP also increased iNOS2 and COX-2 expression as well as NF-κB nuclear translocation in RAW 264.7 cells. CTP significantly stimulated phagocytosis activity. These results showed that CTP stimulates macrophage activity, which can boost the innate immune response. CTP with high AG-II content could be used as a prebiotic to strengthen immunity.
Hwang, Dahyun,Koh, Jong-Ho,Lee, Jiyun,Kim, Youngshik,Lim, Young-Hee Elsevier 2014 Food Research International Vol.64 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Tomatoes act as prebiotics in the gut. The effects of cherry tomatoes on gastrointestinal health have not yet been studied. Four cherry tomato supplementation diets (CTSDs) were prepared from the juice and cake of fresh and processed (heat-treated) cherry tomatoes. The contents of the gut and histological changes in the cecum and intestine were analyzed at 4weeks in rats fed CTSDs. The lactic acid bacteria level in fecal contents of rats fed CTSDs increased compared with the control. The gut length was longer in rats fed CTSDs than that in control animals. In addition, the cecal propionate level significantly increased (<I>p</I> <0.05), and acetate and butyrate levels decreased compared with control animals, however, regardless of the type of CTSD, the total concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in all rats fed different CTSDs was similar with the control. The thicknesses of the mucosa and muscle of the cecum and colon increased in rats fed CTSDs compared with the control. CTSDs increased the area of the mucosa and the number of muscle layers in the intestine and cecum of rats, which strengthened the barrier function and promoted gastrointestinal health.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cherry tomato supplementation increased lactic acid bacteria level in the gut. </LI> <LI> Cherry tomato supplementation significantly increased propionic acid level. </LI> <LI> Cherry tomato supplementation increased significantly gastrointestinal growth. </LI> <LI> Cherry tomato supplementation strengthened the barrier function in the gut. </LI> </UL> </P>
Hwang, Dae-Kue,Ko, Byoung-Soo,Jeon, Dong-Hwan,Kang, Jin-Kyu,Sung, Shi-Joon,Yang, Kee-Jeong,Nam, Dahyun,Cho, Soyeon,Cheong, Hyeonsik,Kim, Dae-Hwan Elsevier 2017 Solar energy materials and solar cells Vol.161 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we investigate the electrical, structural, and optical properties of band gap front-graded Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSn(S,Se)<SUB>4</SUB> (CZTSSe) thin films grown by a modified single-step sulfo-selenization process from copper-poor and zinc-rich precursor metallic stacks prepared by co-evaporation. To investigate how the bandgap was graded in connection with the compositional distribution, we calculated the bandgap energy distribution along the film thickness, based on the transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy composition profile. The band gap of the CZTSSe phase with high S content near the surface layer is determined to be 1.161eV. From the surface to the bottom, there is a decrease in the S content of the CZTSSe phase, and the band gap subsequently decreases to, 1.029eV, close to the value of CZTSe. From the results of dimpling-Raman and scanning transmission electron microscopy line scanning, we confirm that the S content drastically increases from the bottom to the top surface of the CZTSSe thin film. The CZTSSe thin-film solar cell exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.33%, with an open-circuit voltage (<I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB>) of 0.505 V, short-circuit current density (<I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB>) of 31.61mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, fill factor (FF) of 64.6%, and <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> deficit of 525mV. Compared with the performance of the CZTSe solar cell, which had PCE of 7.23%, <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> of 0.424 V, <I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB> of 32.83mAcm<SUP>−2</SUP>, FF of 51.9%, and <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> deficit of 576mV, the <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> and <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> deficit of the CZTSSe cell improved considerably. The high <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB>, low <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> deficit, and less loss of <I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB> are attributed to the effect of band gap front-grading induced by S grading into the CZTSSe thin film.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We investigate the properties of band gap front-graded CZTSSe thin films. </LI> <LI> The precursors are annealed by a modified single-step sulfo-selenization process. </LI> <LI> The CZTSSe thin-film solar cell exhibits power conversion efficiency of 10.33%. </LI> <LI> The high <I>V</I> <SUB> <I>oc</I> </SUB> and less loss of <I>J</I> <SUB> <I>sc</I> </SUB> are attributed to the band gap front-grading. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>