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Daeyong Shim,Hyunsik Jeong,Hyunjoong Lee,Cyuyeol Rhee,Deog-Kyoon Jeong,Suhwan Kim IEEE 2013 IEEE journal of solid-state circuits Vol.48 No.10
<P>Smaller transistors mean that capacitors are charged less uniformly, which increases the self-refresh current in the DRAMs used in mobile devices. Adaptive self-refresh using an on-chip thermometer can solve this problem. We propose an on-chip CMOS thermometer specifically designed for controlling the refresh period of a DRAM. This thermometer includes a novel temperature sensor which has been implemented and integrated into an LPDDR2 chip. The LPDDR2 chip is fabricated in a 44-nm DRAM process. The sensor has a temperature sensitivity of -3.2 mV/°C, over a range of 0°C to 110°C. Its resolution is 1.94°C and is only limited by the 6.2-mV step of the associated resistor ladder not by its own design. The linearity of the sensor permits one-point calibration, after which the errors in 61 sample circuits ranged between -1.42°C and +2.66°C. The sensor has an active area of 0.001725 mm<SUP>2</SUP> and consumes less than 0.36 μW on average with a supply of 1.1 V. At its lowest operating temperature, this thermometer reduces the IDD6 current of the LPDDR2 chip by almost half.</P>
A Sub-1.0-V On-Chip CMOS Thermometer With a Folded Temperature Sensor for Low-Power Mobile DRAM
Hyunjoong Lee,Daeyong Shim,Cyuyeol Rhee,Mino Kim,Suhwan Kim IEEE 2016 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS PART 2 E Vol.63 No.6
<P>As Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) supply voltages drop below 1 V with the scaling down of the process, it becomes increasingly difficult to construct a temperature sensor with sufficient accuracy to control self-refresh, without occupying significant area or consuming increased power. In this brief, we propose an on-chip CMOS thermometer with a temperature sensor, the output of which is divided into segments by a folding scheme. The slopes of these segments can be arranged to be the same or adjusted separately, as desired for the output. Implemented in a 29-nm DRAM process, the sensor operates from -40 degrees C to 95 degrees C at the supply voltage of 0.8 V, with a temperature sensitivity of -3.1 mV/degrees C between -40 degrees C and 35 degrees C, and -2.1 mV/degrees C between 35 degrees C and 95 degrees C. It has an area of 0.0016 mm(2) and consumes less than 0.144 mu W.</P>
Hong, Eun Ji,Lee, DaeYong,Kang, Han Chang,Kim, Yeu-Chun,Shim, Min Suk THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING 2018 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY -S Vol.63 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Pro-oxidant therapy utilizing pro-oxidant drugs that can induce cytotoxic oxidative stress in cancer cells has attracted widespread attention for cancer-specific therapy. Piperlongumine (PL) has gained great interest as a novel pro-oxidant agent because it can exhibit cancer-specific cytotoxicity via elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells. However, its therapeutic efficacy has been limited by its poor water-solubility, which necessitates developing suitable drug carriers for PL delivery. In this study, low-toxic poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(histidine) [PEG-poly(His)] copolymer was developed for effective intracellular delivery of PL. Stable micelles composed of a PEG shell and a poly(His) core encapsulating PL were prepared. In vitro study revealed that plain PEG-poly(His) micelles without PL were low-toxic. Importantly, PL-PEG-poly(His) micelles showed superior cytotoxicity in cancer cells over normal cells due to the PL-induced, dramatic increase of intracellular ROS in cancer cells in comparison with normal cells. PL-PEG-poly(His) micelles were further modified with folic acid (FA) to enhance their cancer-specific pro-oxidant therapy. As compared to FA-free micelles, FA-PL-PEG-poly(His) micelles revealed more facilitated cellular uptake and anticancer efficacy in folate receptor-positive cancer cells. This study demonstrates that PL-PEG-poly(His) micelles are efficient and low-toxic carriers for PL delivery, thus leading to effective and cancer-targeted pro-oxidant therapy.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>PEG-poly(His) micelles encapsulating pro-oxidant piperlongumine were prepared and exhibited cancer-specific cytotoxicity via elevated ROS accumulation in cancer cells.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Woo-Yeol Shin,Gi-Moon Hong,Hyongmin Lee,Jae-Duk Han,Kyu-Sang Park,Dong-Hyuk Lim,Sunkwon Kim,Daeyong Shim,Jung-Hoon Chun,Deog-Kyoon Jeong,Suhwan Kim IEEE 2013 IEEE transactions on components, packaging, and ma Vol.3 No.5
<P>In this paper, we introduce an impedance-matched bidirectional multidrop (IMBM) DQ bus, together with a 4.8-Gb/s transceiver for a memory controller that supports this bus. Reflective ISI is eliminated at each stub of the IMBM DQ bus by resistive unidirectional impedance matching. A prototype memory controller transceiver is designed and fabricated in a 0.13-μm CMOS process and operates with a 1.2-V supply voltage. Its effectiveness is shown on various multidrop channel configurations. At 4.8 Gb/s, this transceiver with a 4-slot, 8-drop IMBM DQ bus has an eye opening of 0.39 UI in TX mode and 0.58 UI in RX mode, at a threshold of 10<SUP>-9</SUP> BER, whereas a comparable transceiver with a conventional 4-slot, 8-drop stub series terminated logic has no timing margin under the same test conditions. Our transceiver consumes 14.25 mW/Gb/s per DQ in TX mode, and 13.69 mW/Gb/s per DQ in RX mode.</P>