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Korean National Emissions Inventory System and 2007 Air Pollutant Emissions
DaeGyun Lee,Kee-Won Jang,Yong-Mi Lee,Chul Yoo,Kyoung-Hee Kang,Ju-Hyoung Lee,Sung-Woon Jung,Jung-Min Park,Sang-Bo Lee,Jong-Soo Han,Ji-Hyung Hong,Suk-Jo Lee 한국대기환경학회 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4
Korea has experienced dramatic development and has become highly industrialized and urbanized during the past 40 years, which has resulted in rapid economic growth. Due to the industrialization and urbanization,however, air pollutant emission sources have increased substantially. Rapid increases in emission sources have caused Korea to suffer from serious air pollution. An air pollutant emissions inventory is one set of essential data to help policymakers understand the current status of air pollution levels, to establish air pollution control policies and to analyze the impacts of implementation of policies, as well as for air quality studies. To accurately and realistically estimate administrative district level air pollutant emissions of Korea, we developed a Korean Emissions Inventory System named the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS). In CAPSS, emissions sources are classified into four levels. Emission factors for each classification category are collected from various domestic and international research reports, and the CAPSS utilizes various national, regional and local level statistical data, compiled by approximately 150Korean organizations. In this paper, we introduced for the first time, a Korean national emissions inventory system and release Korea’s official 2007 air pollutant emissions for five regulated air pollutants.
Lee, DaeGyun Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2014 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.8 No.2
In the companion paper (Lee et al., 2012), it was showed that CMAQ simulation using a lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) derived from RAQMS-CMAQ linkage, compared to the CMAQ results with the default CMAQ LBCs, improved ozone simulations in the conterminous US domain. In the present paper, the study is extended to investigate the influence of LBCs on PM2.5 simulation. MM5-SMOKE-CMAQ modeling system was used for meteorological field generation, emissions preparation and air quality simulations, respectively. Realtime Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) model assimilated with satellite observations were used to generate the CMAQ-ready LBCs. CMAQ PM2.5 simulations with RAQMS LBCs and predefined LBCs were compared with U.S. EPA Air Quality System (AQS) measurements. Mean PM2.5 lateral boundary conditions taken from RAQMS outputs showed strong variations both in the horizontal grid and vertical layers in the northern and western boundaries and affected the results of CMAQ PM2.5 predictions. CMAQ with RAQMS LBCs could improve CMAQ PM2.5 predictions resulting in the improvement of index of agreement from 0.38 to 0.63.
DaeGyun Lee 한국대기환경학회 2014 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.8 No.2
In the companion paper (Lee et al., 2012), it wasshowed that CMAQ simulation using a lateral boundaryconditions (LBCs) derived from RAQMS-CMAQlinkage, compared to the CMAQ results with the defaultCMAQ LBCs, improved ozone simulations in theconterminous US domain. In the present paper, thestudy is extended to investigate the influence of LBCson PM2.5 simulation. MM5-SMOKE-CMAQ modelingsystem was used for meteorological field generation,emissions preparation and air quality simulations,respectively. Realtime Air Quality Modeling System(RAQMS) model assimilated with satellite observationswere used to generate the CMAQ-ready LBCs. CMAQ PM2.5 simulations with RAQMS LBCs and predefinedLBCs were compared with U.S. EPA Air QualitySystem (AQS) measurements. Mean PM2.5 lateralboundary conditions taken from RAQMS outputs showedstrong variations both in the horizontal grid andvertical layers in the northern and western boundariesand affected the results of CMAQ PM2.5 predictions. CMAQ with RAQMS LBCs could improve CMAQPM2.5 predictions resulting in the improvement ofindex of agreement from 0.38 to 0.63.
Park, Youngjin,Moniruzzaman, Mohammad,Lee, Seunghan,Hong, Jeongwhui,Won, Seonghun,Lee, Jong Min,Yun, Hyeonho,Kim, Kang-Woong,Ko, Daegyun,Bai, Sungchul C. ACADEMIC PRESS LTD 2016 Fish & Shellfish Immunology Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotics on growth performance and non-specific immune responses in starry flounder, <I>Platichthys stellatus</I>. Fish averaging 46.5 ± 0.65 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the six experimental diets; one control (Cont), and five other diets were prepared by supplementing single-probiotics 1 (<I>Bacillus subtilis</I>; SP<SUB>1</SUB>, 2 × 10<SUP>9</SUP> CFU kg<SUP>−1</SUP> diet), single-probiotics 2 (<I>Bacillus licheniformis</I>; SP<SUB>2</SUB>, 2 × 10<SUP>9</SUP> CFU kg<SUP>−1</SUP> diet), multi-probiotics 1 (<I>Bacillus subtilis</I> + <I>Bacillus licheniformis</I>; MP<SUB>1</SUB>, 2 × 10<SUP>9</SUP> CFU kg<SUP>−1</SUP> diet), multi-probiotics 2 (commercial probiotics; <I>Bacillus subtills</I> + <I>Bacillus licheniformis</I> + <I>Paenibacillus polymyxa</I> + <I>Aspergillus oryzae</I> + <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I>; MP<SUB>2</SUB>, 2 × 10<SUP>9</SUP> CFU kg<SUP>−1</SUP> diet) and oxytetracycline (OTC) at 5 g OTC kg<SUP>−1</SUP> diet. At the end of 8 weeks feeding trial, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed SP<SUB>1</SUB>, MP<SUB>1</SUB> and MP<SUB>2</SUB> diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed control diet (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of fish fed MP<SUB>2</SUB> diet was significantly higher than those of fish fed OTC diet (P < 0.05). Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) activity and lysozyme activity of fish fed SP<SUB>1</SUB>, MP<SUB>1</SUB> and MP<SUB>2</SUB> diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed OTC diet (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference among fish fed SP<SUB>1</SUB>, SP<SUB>2</SUB>, MP<SUB>1</SUB> and MP<SUB>2</SUB> diets. During the <I>Edwardsiella tarda</I> challenge test, the first mortality occurred on day 2. After the 14 days challenge test, cumulative survival rate of fish fed MP<SUB>1</SUB> and MP<SUB>2</SUB> diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed control diet (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference among fish fed SP<SUB>1</SUB>, SP<SUB>2</SUB>, MP<SUB>1</SUB>, MP<SUB>2</SUB> and OTC diets in survival rate at the termination of the challenge test. Although there was little advantage in immunological parameters with fish fed MP diets, single and multi-probiotics were equally effective statistically. These results demonstrated that single or multi-probiotics had equal beneficial effect as an antibiotic replacer in terms of growth performance, non-specific immune responses and disease resistance in starry flounder.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We investigated the effects of single and multi probiotics in starry flounder. </LI> <LI> Dietary single and multiprobiotics improved growth performance of fish. </LI> <LI> Dietary single and multiprobiotics improved non-specific immune responses in fish. </LI> <LI> Dietary single and multiprobiotics showed disease resistance against Edwardsiellosis. </LI> <LI> The study showed single and multiprobiotics were equally effective in starry flounder. </LI> </UL> </P>
석광설,홍지형,이석조,이대균,김대곤,박지현 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.2
The emission characteristics of mercury in waste incinerators were investigated to get basic data for the policy development on the emission reduction of mercury (Hg). For the study several important factors were analysed from 4 incinerators such as mercury concentration, emission factors and removal rate for control devices. The results are listed below. Mercury concentrations in the flue gas were 0.39∼5.96㎍/S㎥ in MWI and 2.5∼8.8㎍/S㎥ in IWI. The distributions of gaseous and particulate mercury in flue gas were above 99% and below 1%, respectively. Therefore, in order to remove mercury effectively, it is important to control the gaseous mercury. Mercury concentrations in fly ash collected from control device were found as 16.2∼35.6 mg/kg-ash in FF of MWI. Also mercury concentrations at the front and hack point of control device of MWI were 33.45∼62.65 ∼g/S㎥ and 0.88∼3.49㎍/S㎥, respectively. Emission factors were estimated as 3.67∼11.67mg/ton in FF, 2.6∼24.5 mg/ton in MWI with SNCR, SDR and FF, 54.9∼192.7mg/ton in IWI with Cyclone and FF. Emissions from Municipal Waste Incinerator were found both in minimum and maximum ranges. Annual mercury emissions emitted from MWI was estimated as 20.0kg (6.0∼33.9 kg).