Pellet feed adsorbed with the recombinant Lactococcus lactis BFE920 expressing SiMA antigen induced strong recall vaccine effects against Streptococcus iniae infection in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Kim, D.,Beck, B.R.,Lee, S.M.,Jeon, J.,Lee, D.W.,Lee, J.I.,Song, S.K. ACADEMIC PRESS LTD 2016 Fish & Shellfish Immunology Vol. No.

<P>The aim of this study was to develop a fish feed vaccine that provides effective disease prevention and convenient application. A lactic acid bacterium (LAB), Lactococcus lactis BFE920, was modified to express the SiMA antigen, a membrane protein of Streptococcus iniae. The antigen was engineered to be expressed under the nisin promoter, which is induced by nisin produced naturally by the host LAB. Various sizes (40 +/- 3.5 g, 80 +/- 2.1 g, and 221 +/- 2.4 g) of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were vaccinated by feeding the extruded pellet feed, onto which the SiMA-expressing L. lactis BFE920 (1.0 x 10(7) CFU/g) was adsorbed. Vaccine-treated feed was administered twice a day for 1 week, and priming and boosting were performed with a 1-week interval in between. The vaccinated fish had significantly elevated levels of antigen-specific serum antibodies and T cell marker mRNAs: CD4-1, CD4-2, and CD8a. In addition, the feed vaccine significantly induced T cell effector functions, such as the production of IFN-gamma and activation of the transcription factor that induces its expression, T-bet. When the flounder were challenged by intraperitoneal infection and bath immersion with S. iniae, the vaccinated fish showed 84% and 82% relative percent survival (RPS), respectively. Furthermore, similar protective effects were confirmed even 3 months after vaccination in a field study (n = 4800), indicating that this feed vaccine elicited prolonged duration of immunopotency. In addition, the vaccinated flounder gained 21% more weight and required 16% less feed to gain a unit of body weight compared to the control group. The data clearly demonstrate that the L. lactis BFE920-SiMA feed vaccine has strong protective effects, induces prolonged vaccine efficacy, and has probiotic effects. In addition, this LAB-based fish feed vaccine can be easily used to target many different pathogens of diverse fish species. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Efficacy of UV-C irradiation for inactivation of food-borne pathogens on sliced cheese packaged with different types and thicknesses of plastic films

Ha, J.W.,Back, K.H.,Kim, Y.H.,Kang, D.H. ACADEMIC PRESS LTD 2016 FOOD MICROBIOLOGY Vol.57 No.-

<P>In this study, the efficacy of using UV-C light to inactivate sliced cheese inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes and, packaged with 0.07 mm films of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinylchloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene (PE) was investigated. The results show that compared with PET and PVC, PP and PE films showed significantly reduced levels of the three pathogens compared to inoculated but non-treated controls. Therefore, PP and PE films of different thicknesses (0.07 mm, 0.10 mm, and 0.13 mm) were then evaluated for pathogen reduction of inoculated sliced cheese samples. Compared with 0.10 and 0.13 mm, 0.07 mm thick PP and PE films did not show statistically significant reductions compared to non-packaged treated samples. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences between the efficacy of PP and PE films. These results suggest that adjusted PP or PE film packaging in conjunction with UV-C radiation can be applied to control foodborne pathogens in the dairy industry. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.</P>

Slightly acidic electrolyzed water combined with chemical and physical treatments to decontaminate bacteria on fresh fruits

Tango, C.N.,Khan, I.,Ngnitcho Kounkeu, P.F.,Momna, R.,Hussain, M.S.,Oh, D.H. ACADEMIC PRESS LTD 2017 FOOD MICROBIOLOGY Vol.67 No.-

<P>Effect of sequential combination of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) with chemical and physical treatments on bacterial decontamination on fruits was investigated in this study. Effect of treatments on microbial and sensory quality was also analyzed after subsequent storage at 4 degrees C and room temperature (RT, 23 +/- 0.15 degrees C). Whole apple and tomato fruits were inoculated with cocktail strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. Uninoculated and inoculated fruits were washed first with distilled water (DW), calcium oxide (CaO), fumaric acid (FA), and SAEW at RT for 3 min. Combinations were performed by adding treatment one at a time to SAEW as following FA + SAEW, CaO + FA + SAEW, and CaO + FA + SAEW + ultrasonication (US) or microbubbles (MB). All the sanitizer treatments resulted in significant (p < 0.05) bacterial reduction compared to DW used as control. Increasing the treatments in combination from FA + SAEW to CaO + FA + SAEW + US resulted in an increased bacterial decontamination. The cavitation induced by ultrasonication in FA + SAEW solution resulted in a higher additive effect in decontamination of Escherichia coil O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes compare to the agitation generated by microbubble generator in FA + SAEW solution. CaO + FA + SAEW and CaO + FA + SAEW + US were effective in improving the microbial safety and quality of apple fruits. However, additional treatment of US impacted on the quality of tomato fruits during storage at RT. Therefore, a combination of SAEW with sanitizers (CaO and FA) and mechanical force (Ultrasonication) has the potential to be used in postharvest sanitation processing in the fresh fruit industry. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</P>

Influence of water activity on inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes in peanut butter by microwave heating

Song, W.J.,Kang, D.H. ACADEMIC PRESS LTD 2016 FOOD MICROBIOLOGY Vol.60 No.-

<P>This study evaluated the efficacy of a 915 MHz microwave with 3 different electric power levels to inactivate three pathogens in peanut butter with different a(w). Peanut butter inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes (0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 a(w)) were treated with a 915 MHz microwave with 2, 4, and 6 kW for up to 5 min. Six kW 915 MHz microwave treatment for 5 min reduced these three pathogens by 1.97 to >5.17 log CFU/g. Four kW 915 MHz microwave processing for 5 min reduced these pathogens by 0.41-1.98 log CFU/g. Two kW microwave heating did not inactivate pathogens in peanut butter. Weibull and Log-Linear + Shoulder models were used to describe the survival curves of three pathogens because they exhibited shouldering behavior. T-d and T-5d values were calculated based on the Weibull and Log-Linear + Shoulder models. T-d values of the three pathogens were similar to D-values of Salmonella subjected to conventional heating at 90 degrees C but T-5d values were much shorter than those of conventional heating at 90 degrees C. Generally, increased a(w) resulted in shorter T-5d values of pathogens, but not shorter T-d values. The results of this study can be used to optimize microwave heating pasteurization system of peanut butter. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd.</P>

Coagulation factor II from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus): First report on the molecular biological function and expression analysis in the teleost

Choi, K.M.,Jeong, J.M.,Bae, J.S.,Cho, D.H.,Jung, S.H.,Hwang, J.Y.,Baeck, G.W.,Park, C.I. ACADEMIC PRESS LTD 2016 Fish & Shellfish Immunology Vol. No.

<P>The rapid haemostasis of fish prevents bleeding or infection that could be caused by physical properties of the aquatic environment. Additionally, the innate immune system is the first line of defence against infection and is responsible for the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which are important for the activation of acquired immune responses. Coagulation factor II (CFII) is an important factor in the coagulation system and is involved in recognition and interaction with various bacterial and extracellular proteins. In this study, we identified and characterised the gene encoding CFII in rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus) (RbCFII) and analysed its expression in various tissues after a pathogen challenge. The full-length RbCFII cDNA (2079 bp) contained an open reading frame of 1854 bp encoding 617 amino acids. Alignment analysis revealed that a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich domain, two kringle domains, and a trypsin-like serine protease domain of the deduced protein were well conserved. RbCFII was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined but, predominantly detected in the liver and skin. RbCFII expression was dramatically up-regulated in the kidney, spleen and liver after infection with Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae, or red seabream iridovirus. The recombinant protein RbCFII (rRbCFII) produced using an Escherichia coli expression system was able to bind all examined bacteria. Interestingly, rRbCFII has agglutination activities towards E. coli and E. tarda, while no agglutination was shown toward Vibrio ordalii and S. iniae. These findings indicate that rRbCFII performs an immunological function in the immune response, and might be involved in innate immunity as well as blood coagulation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Antimicrobial peptide, hdMolluscidin, purified from the gill of the abalone, Haliotis discus

Seo, J.K.,Go, H.J.,Kim, C.H.,Nam, B.H.,Park, N.G. ACADEMIC PRESS LTD 2016 Fish & Shellfish Immunology Vol. No.

<P>A 4.7 kDa antimicrobial peptide was purified from the acidified gill extract of the Abalone, Haliotis discus, by cation-exchange and C-18 reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Comparison of the amino acid sequences and molecular weight of this peptide with those of other known antimicrobial peptides revealed that this antimicrobial peptide have high sequence homology with that of cgMolluscidin and was designated hdMolluscidin. hdMolluscidin is composed of 46 amino acid residues containing several dibasic residue repeats like K-K or K-R. hdMolluscidin showed potent antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive bacteria including Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus (minimal effective concentrations [MECs]; 0.8-19.0 mu g/mL) and Gram-negative bacteria including Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Shigella flexneri, and Vibrio parahemolyticus ([MECs]; 1.0-4.0 mu g/mL) without hemolytic activity. However, hdMolluscidin did not show any significant activity against Candida albicans. The secondary structural prediction suggested that hdMolluscidin might not form an ordered or an amphipathic structure. hdMolluscidin did not show membrane permeabilization or leakage ability. The full-length hdMolluscidin cDNA contained 566-bp, including a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 63-bp, a 3'-UTR of 359-bp, and an open reading frame of 144-bp encoding 47 amino acids (containing Met). cDNA study of hdMolluscidin suggests that it is expressed as a mature peptide. Our results indicate that hdMolluscidin could relate to the innate immune defenses in abalone and it may not act directly on bacterial membrane. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Distinct immune tones are established by Lactococcus lactis BFE920 and Lactobacillus plantarum FGL0001 in the gut of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Beck, B.R.,Song, J.H.,Park, B.S.,Kim, D.,Kwak, J.H.,Do, H.K.,Kim, A.R.,Kim, W.J.,Song, S.K. ACADEMIC PRESS LTD 2016 Fish & Shellfish Immunology Vol. No.

<P>The immune tone is defined as an immunological state during which the readiness for immune response is potentiated. The establishment of immune tone in the gut of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was investigated by feeding Lactococcus lactis BFE920 (LL) or Lactobacillus plantarum FGL0001 (LP). LL-fed flounder showed Significantly increased levels of regulatory genes (FOXP3, IL-10, and TGF-beta 1), CD18, and CD83 in the gut. In contrast, LP feeding drastically increased proinflammatory genes (T-bet, IL-1 beta, and IAN-gamma) and CD18. This indicates that LL and LP establish different types of local immune tones in the gut through differential activation of innate immune cells: LL activates both macrophages and dendritic cells while LP activates macrophages only. Both of the immune tones required at least a total of 6 probiotic feeds during 72 h for a stable establishment. Once established, the type of immune tone remained steady even up to 30 days (a total of 60 feeds) probiotics feeding. The LL-induced regulatory immune tone enhanced the level of occludin, a tight junction molecule, significantly more than that observed with the proinflammatory immune tone established by LP feeding. Consequently, LL-fed fish showed considerably lower gut permeability than that of the LP-fed group. Furthermore, when orally challenged by Edwardsiella tarda, LL-fed flounder survived at a significantly higher rate than LP-fed fish. The data clearly demonstrate that individual probiotics establish distinct types of immune tone in the fish gut, which in turn influences the immunological status as well as the physiology of the gut. Selection of proper probiotics may be essential for optimal effects in aquaculture farming. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

Metagenomic analysis of fungal diversity in Korean traditional wheat-based fermentation starter nuruk

Bal, J.,Yun, S.H.,Yeo, S.H.,Kim, J.M.,Kim, D.H. ACADEMIC PRESS LTD 2016 FOOD MICROBIOLOGY Vol.60 No.-

<P>Nuruk, a traditional natural starter, is extensively used in the brewing of Makgeolli, one of Korea's most popular alcoholic beverages that has been recently gaining global popularity. Thus, the quality of traditional nuruk needs to be enhanced. The nuruk mycobiome greatly influences both fermentation process as well as palatability enhancement. Limitations of culture-dependent identification restrict an accurate analysis of fungal diversity and distribution in nuruks. 454 pyrosequencing of two traditional wheat-based nuruks, prepared at two representative temperature conditions revealed a total of 153 and 53 OTUs for nuruks A and B, respectively, from a total of 33,157 ITS sequences. Phylogenetic assignments indicated that nuruk A mycobiota was dominated by the genera Aspergillus and Mucorales, whereas nuruk B by Rhizomucor. Species-level identification indicated that Mucorales sp., Aspergillus candidus, and Aspergillus cibarius predominated in nuruk A mycoflora whereas Rhizomucor pusillus, Mucorales sp., and Thermoascus crustaceus in nuruk B. The alpha diversity indices suggest nuruk A mycobiota to be more diverse than that of nuruk B at almost all time points of fermentation. Resemblances of patterns of predominant species composition and succession between culture-dependent and -independent phylogenetic analysis creates the potential to reconstruct the nuruk mycobiome in vitro, which allows the establishment of a standard inoculum for scientific comparison. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>

I like you, but I won't listen to you: Effects of rationality on affective and behavioral responses to computers that flatter

이은주 ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN-COMPUTER STUDIES Vol.67 No.8

Supralaryngeal articulatory signatures of three-way contrastive labial stops in Korean

조태홍,손민정,김사향 ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD 2012 JOURNAL OF PHONETICS Vol.40 No.1