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Bahramy, M. ,S.,Clark, O. ,J.,Yang, B.-J.,Feng, J.,Bawden, L.,Riley, J. ,M.,Marković,, I.,Mazzola, F.,Sunko, V.,Biswas, D.,Cooil, S. ,P.,Jorge, M.,Wells, J. ,W.,Leandersson, M Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2018 NATURE MATERIALS Vol.17 No.1
Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are renowned for their rich and varied bulk properties, while their single-layer variants have become one of the most prominent examples of two-dimensional materials beyond graphene. Their disparate ground states largely depend on transition metal d-electron-derived electronic states, on which the vast majority of attention has been concentrated to date. Here, we focus on the chalcogen-derived states. From density-functional theory calculations together with spin- and angle-resolved photoemission, we find that these generically host a co-existence of type-I and type-II three-dimensional bulk Dirac fermions as well as ladders of topological surface states and surface resonances. We demonstrate how these naturally arise within a single p-orbital manifold as a general consequence of a trigonal crystal field, and as such can be expected across a large number of compounds. Already, we demonstrate their existence in six separate TMDs, opening routes to tune, and ultimately exploit, their topological physics.
Hanly, J. G.,Urowitz, M. B.,Sanchez-Guerrero, J.,Bae, S. C.,Gordon, C.,Wallace, D. J.,Isenberg, D.,Alarcó,n, G. S.,Clarke, A.,Bernatsky, S.,Merrill, J. T.,Petri, M.,Dooley, M. A.,Gladman, D.,For Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Vol.56 No.1
<B>Objective</B><P>To describe the prevalence, characteristics, attribution, and clinical significance of neuropsychiatric (NP) events in an international inception cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.</P><B>Methods</B><P>The study was conducted by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC). Patients were enrolled within 15 months of fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) SLE classification criteria. All NP events within a predefined enrollment window were identified using the ACR case definitions of 19 NP syndromes. Decision rules were derived to determine the proportion of NP disease attributable to SLE. Clinical significance was determined using the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey and the SLICC/ACR Damage Index (SDI).</P><B>Results</B><P>A total of 572 patients (88% female) were recruited, with a mean ± SD age of 35 ± 14 years. The mean ± SD disease duration was 5.2 ± 4.2 months. Within the enrollment window, 158 of 572 patients (28%) had at least 1 NP event. In total, there were 242 NP events that encompassed 15 of 19 NP syndromes. The proportion of NP events attributed to SLE varied from 19% to 38% using alternate attribution models and occurred in 6.1–11.7% of patients. Those with NP events, regardless of attribution, had lower scores on the SF-36 and higher SDI scores compared with patients with no NP events.</P><B>Conclusion</B><P>Twenty-eight percent of SLE patients experienced at least 1 NP event around the time of diagnosis of SLE, of which only a minority were attributed to SLE. Regardless of attribution, the occurrence of NP events was associated with reduced quality of life and increased organ damage.</P>
SQUID-Based Microwave Cavity Search for Dark-Matter Axions
Asztalos, S. J.,Carosi, G.,Hagmann, C.,Kinion, D.,van Bibber, K.,Hotz, M.,Rosenberg, L. J,Rybka, G.,Hoskins, J.,Hwang, J.,Sikivie, P.,Tanner, D. B.,Bradley, R.,Clarke, J. American Physical Society 2010 Physical Review Letters Vol.104 No.4
<P>Axions in the microeV mass range are a plausible cold dark-matter candidate and may be detected by their conversion into microwave photons in a resonant cavity immersed in a static magnetic field. We report the first result from such an axion search using a superconducting first-stage amplifier (SQUID) replacing a conventional GaAs field-effect transistor amplifier. This experiment excludes KSVZ dark-matter axions with masses between 3.3 microeV and 3.53 microeV and sets the stage for a definitive axion search utilizing near quantum-limited SQUID amplifiers.</P>
Clark, C.E.F.,Kwinten, N.B.P.,van Gastel, D.A.J.M.,Kerrisk, K.L.,Lyons, N.A.,Garcia, S.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.4
Automatic milking systems (AMS) rely upon voluntary cow traffic (the voluntary movement of cattle around a farm) for milk harvesting and feed consumption. Previous research on conventional milking systems has shown differences between dairy cow breeds for intake and milk production, however, the ability to manipulate voluntary cow traffic and milking frequency on AMS farms through breed selection is unknown. This study investigated the effect of breed (Holstein Friesian versus Illawarra) on voluntary cow traffic as determined by gate passes at the Camden AMS research farm dairy facility. Daily data on days in milk, milk yield, gate passes and milking frequency for 158 Holstein Friesian cows and 24 Illawarra cows were collated by month for the 2007 and 2008 years. Illawarra cows had 9% more gate passes/day than Holstein cows over the duration of the study; however, the milking frequency and milk yield of both breeds were similar. Gate passes were greatest for both breeds in early lactation and in the winter (June to August) and summer (December to February) seasons. These findings highlight an opportunity to translate increased voluntary cow movement associated with breed selection into increased milking frequencies, milk production and overall pasture-based AMS performance.
Clark, D. J.,Le, C. T.,Senthilkumar, V.,Ullah, F.,Cho, H.-Y.,Sim, Y.,Seong, M.-J.,Chung, K.-H.,Kim, Y. S.,Jang, J. I. American Institute of Physics 2015 Applied Physics Letters Vol.107 No.13
<P>We have investigated the second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of CVD-grown MoS2 monolayer (ML) transferred onto transparent substrates such as fused silica and polyethylene terephthalate. The physical properties of the transferred MLs were characterized by optical and NLO methods. We measured the second-order susceptibility chi((2)) in the spectral range of lambda = 1064-1600 nm in which the corresponding second harmonic radiation resonates with the exciton levels. It was found that chi((2)) is strongly enhanced by up to a factor of 5 near the A-and B-exciton levels due to two-photon resonance. The absolute chi((2)) values of our samples determined by both reflection and transmission geometry are on par with that of as-grown MLs. Our results imply that the cavity-confinement scheme can be employed for maximizing the nonlinear optical efficiency of atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides for transparent/flexible optoelectronics applications, especially when oriented stacking of transferred MLs are controllable. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.</P>
Highly efficient infrared optical nonlinearity of a wide-bandgap chalcogenide Li(2)CdGeS(4).
Jang, J I,Clark, D J,Brant, J A,Aitken, J A,Kim, Y S Optical Society of America 2014 Optics letters Vol.39 No.15
<P>A quaternary chalcogenide Li(2)CdGeS(4) is an excellent candidate for a nonlinear optical (NLO) material exhibiting wide transparency spanning from its fundamental band edge (3.15 eV) to the terahertz regime (23.5 μm). Strong optical nonlinearity of Li(2)CdGeS(4) has been investigated over a wide spectral range (λ=1.064-3.3??μm) based on second- and third-harmonic generation. The compound has a high damage threshold at λ=1.064??μm because of saturable three-photon absorption, and is phase-matchable for λ>1.5??μm with χ(2) ?50??pm/V. It also exhibits strong third-order nonlinearity of χ(3) ?10(5)?pm(2)/V(2). Li(2)CdGeS(4) is promising for high-power NLO applications in the broad infrared spectrum.</P>
Toxicodynamic mechanisms and monitoring of acaricide resistance in the two-spotted spider mite
Kwon, D.H.,Clark, J.M.,Lee, S.H. Academic Press 2015 Pesticide biochemistry and physiology Vol.121 No.-
The two-spotted spider (Tetranychus urticae) is one of the most serious pests world-wide and has developed resistance to many types of acaricides. Various mutations on acaricide target site genes have been determined to be responsible for toxicodynamic resistance, and the genotyping and frequency prediction of these mutations can be employed as an alternative resistance monitoring strategy. A quantitative sequencing (QS) protocol was reported as a population-based genotyping technique, and applied for the determination of resistance allele frequencies in T.@?urticae field populations. In addition, a modified glass vial bioassay method (residual contact vial bioassay, RCV) was implemented as a rapid on-site resistance monitoring tool. The QS protocol, together with the RCV, would greatly facilitate monitoring of T.@?urticae resistance. Recent completion of T.@?urticae genome analysis should facilitate the identification of additional resistance genetic markers that can be employed for molecular resistance monitoring.
Characterization of carboxylesterase-mediated pirimicarb resistance in Myzus persicae
Kwon, D.H.,Choi, B.R.,Lee, S.W.,Clark, J.M.,Lee, S.H. Academic Press 2009 Pesticide biochemistry and physiology Vol.93 No.3
The biochemical and molecular mechanisms of pirimicarb resistance were investigated in a pirimicarb-resistant (Pc-R) strain of Myzus persicae. The Pc-R strain showed a 131-fold resistance to pirimicarb but no or slight cross-resistance to other organophosphate and carbamate insecticides. Interestingly, the strain showed a moderate level of cross-resistance to neonicotinoids. Sequence analysis of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene revealed that the Ser431Phe mutation, previously known to be associated with AChE insensitivity, was saturated in the Pc-R strain, and the AChE insensitivity caused by the mutation is likely a major pirimicarb resistance mechanism. In addition, detoxifying enzyme assays suggested that enhanced carboxylesterase (CbE) activity is associated with pirimicarb resistance as a supporting mechanism. The higher CbE activity in the Pc-R strain was determined to be mainly due to a pI 4.9 esterase by native isoelectricfocusing. The resistance-associated CbE was further identified as the E4 type by native two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in conjunction with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The gene copy number and transcription level of the E4 CbE were increased 4.0- and 10.5-fold in the Pc-R strain, respectively, suggesting that both gene duplication and transcriptional regulation of E4 CbE are associated with pirimicarb resistance.