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Yang, Seung Hwan,Le, Bao,Androutsopoulos, Vasilis P.,Tsukamoto, Chigen,Shin, Tae-Sun,Tsatsakis, Aristides M.,Chung, Gyuhwa Pergamon 2018 Food and Chemical Toxicology Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The crude extract of soyasaponins was reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity. We determined the new purity group I saponin, I-αa and I-γa that was isolated from wild soybean (<I>Glycine soja</I>) in terms of its efficacy in protecting RAW 264.7 macrophages from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimuli. Cells were treated with soyasaponin I-αa/I-γa (30–300 μΜ) and LPS (0.1 μg/mL) for 24 h. Soyasaponin I-αa inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production at 100 μg/mL, while soyasaponin I-γa demonstrated this effect at a higher concentration (200 μg/mL). The expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 enzymes were downregulated by both soyasaponins. Soyasaponin I-αa exerted its effect via the TNF-α and IL-1β cytokines. However, soyasaponin I-γa only inhibited the expression of TNF-α. The inflammatory effect of group I soyasaponin was mainly mediated via the phosphorylation of the p38 and JNK proteins. Collectively, these results suggested the potential anti-inflammatory effects of soyasaponins.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Anti-inflammatory effects of a group I saponins from <I>Glycine soja</I> are reported. </LI> <LI> Soyasaponin I-αa inhibited the TNF-α and IL-1β cytokine induced NO generation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. </LI> <LI> Soyasaponin I-γa only inhibited the expression of TNF-α. </LI> <LI> Group I soyasaponin stimulated anti-inflammatory effects via mechanisms related to the p38 and JNK signaling pathways. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Zhu, M.,Kim, H.,Jang, Y.,Park, S.,Ryu, D.,Kim, K.,Tang, P.,Qiu, F.,Kim, D.,Peng, J. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.4 No.47
<P>Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have drawn an extensive amount of attention due to their low cost, processibility and flexibility. However, a cell based on a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) has a limited power conversion efficiency (PCE) due to the short exciton diffusion length of similar to 10 nm. We address this issue by designing a series of all-conjugated diblock copolymers, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-poly(3-(6-diethylphosphonatohexyl) thiophene) (P3HT-b-P3PHT), intended for use as additives to improve the performance of P3HT:PC61BM-based photovoltaic devices. The PCE of the devices improved from 3.30% to 4.03% with the addition of P3HT-b-P3PHT (3 : 1). The thermal stability of devices with P3HT-b-P3PHT additives improved significantly relative to that of the P3HT:PC61BM reference device, where the devices including a copolymer with a higher P3PHT content exhibited a better thermal stability. It was found that the fill factor (FF) could be regulated by simply varying the block ratio of P3HT-b-P3PHT and played a crucial role in improving both the PCE and the thermal stability. The P3HT-b-P3PHT diffused at the P3HT:PC61BM interface, improved the miscibility between P3HT and PC61BM, optimized the nanoscale morphology of the photoactive layer, and reduced the active layer roughness, all of which improved the FF and thus contributed to an improvement in device performance.</P>
<i>In vitro</i> inhibitory effects of Wen‐pi‐tang‐Hab‐Wu‐ling‐san on human cytochrome P450 isoforms
Lee, H. W.,Kim, D. W.,Phapale, P. B.,Lim, M. ‐,S.,Park, J.,Seo, J. J.,Park, K. M.,Park, Y. ‐,K.,Yoon, Y. ‐,R. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics Vol.36 No.4
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P><B>What is known and Objective: </B> Although Wen‐pi‐tang‐Hab‐Wu‐ling‐san (WHW), an oriental herbal medicine, has been prescribed for the treatment of chronic renal failure (CRF) in Korean clinics, no studies regarding WHW–drug interactions had been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility that WHW inhibits the catalytic activities of major cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms.</P><P><B>Methods: </B> The abilities of various WHW extracts to inhibit phenacetin O‐de‐ethylation (CYP1A2), tolbutamide 4‐methylhydroxylation (CYP2C9), omeprazole 4′‐hydroxylation (CYP2C19), dextromethorphan O‐demethylation (CYP2D6), chlorzoxazone 6‐hydroxylation (CYP2E1) and midazolam 1‐hydroxylation (CYP3A4) were assessed using human liver microsomes.</P><P><B>Results and Discussion: </B> WHW extract at concentrations up to 100 μ<SMALL>m</SMALL> showed negligible inhibition of the six CYP isoforms tested (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4), with apparent IC<SUB>50</SUB> values (concentration of the inhibitor causing 50% inhibition of the original enzyme activity) of 817.5, 601.6, 521.7, 310.2, 342.8 and 487.0 μg/mL, respectively.</P><P><B>What is new and Conclusion: </B> Our <I>in vitro</I> findings suggest that WHW extract at concentrations corresponding to a clinically recommended dosage range has no notable inhibitory effects on CYP isoforms. Therefore, we believe that WHW extract may be free of drug–herb interactions when co‐administered with other medicines. However, <I>in vivo</I> human studies are needed to confirm these results.</P>
Dheena, P.,Jenila, C. Korean Mathematical Society 2012 대한수학회논문집 Vol.27 No.3
In this paper we introduce the notion of P-strongly regular near-ring. We have shown that a zero-symmetric near-ring N is P-strongly regular if and only if N is P-regular and P is a completely semiprime ideal. We have also shown that in a P-strongly regular near-ring N, the following holds: (i) $Na$ + P is an ideal of N for any $a{\in}N$. (ii) Every P-prime ideal of N containing P is maximal. (iii) Every ideal I of N fulfills I + P = $I^2$ + P.
Ma, L D,Wang, J,WEI, C,Kuroiwa, T,Narukawa, T,Ito, N,HIOKI, A,CHIBA, K,Yim, Y H,Lee, K S,Lim, Y R,Turk, G C,Davis, C W,Mester, Z,Yang, L,McCooeye, M,Maxwell, P,Cankur, O,Tokman, N,Coskun, F G BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES 2017 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.54 No.-
<P></P> <P>The CCQM-K97 key comparison was organized by the inorganic analysis working group (IAWG) of CCQM as a follow-up to completed pilot study CCQM-P96 and P96.1 to test the abilities of the national metrology institutes to accurately quantitate the mass fraction of arsenobetaine (AsB) in standard solution and in fish tissue. A pilot study CCQM-P133 was parallelized with this key comparison. National Institute of Metrology (NIM), China and National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) acted as the coordinating laboratories.</P> <P>Six NMIs participated in CCQM-K97 and two institutes participated in CCQM-P133, and all of them submitted the results. Some NMIs submitted more than one results by different methods. The results were in excellent agreement with each other, and obviously better than those of previous P96 and P96.1. Therefore the calibrant which each NMI used was comparable. It shows that the capabilities of some of the participants have been improved after the previous pilot studies.</P> <H2>Main text</H2> <P> To reach the main text of this paper, click on <A HREF='http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/final_reports/QM/K97/CCQM-K97.pdf'>Final Report</A>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <A HREF='http://kcdb.bipm.org/'>kcdb.bipm.org/</A>.</P> <P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>
Jeon, Seokmin,Bosco, Jeffrey P.,Wilson, Samantha S.,Rozeveld, Steve J.,Kim, Hyungjun,Atwater, Harry A. American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.24
<P>The growth of epitaxial Zn<SUB>3</SUB>P<SUB>2</SUB> films on III–V substrates unlocks a promising pathway toward high-efficiency, earth-abundant photovoltaic devices fabricated on reusable, single-crystal templates. The detailed chemical, structural, and electronic properties of the surface and interface of pseudomorphic Zn<SUB>3</SUB>P<SUB>2</SUB> epilayers grown on GaAs(001) were investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Two interesting features of the growth process were observed: (1) vapor-phase P<SUB>4</SUB> first reacts with the Ga-rich GaAs surface to form an interfacial GaP layer with a thickness of several monolayers, and (2) a P-rich amorphous overlayer is present during the entire film growth process, beneath which a highly ordered Zn<SUB>3</SUB>P<SUB>2</SUB> crystalline phase is precipitated. These features were corroborated by transmission electron micrographs of the Zn<SUB>3</SUB>P<SUB>2</SUB>/GaAs interface as well as density functional theory calculations of P reactions with the GaAs surface. Finally, the valence-band offset between the crystalline Zn<SUB>3</SUB>P<SUB>2</SUB> epilayer and the GaAs substrate was determined to be Δ<I>E</I><SUB>V</SUB> = 1.0 ± 0.1 eV, indicating the formation of a hole-depletion layer at the substrate surface which may inhibit formation of an ohmic contact.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-24/jp4127804/production/images/medium/jp-2013-127804_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp4127804'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
High performance photodiodes based on chemically processed Cu doped SnS<sub>2</sub> nanoflakes
Mohan Kumar, G.,Xiao, Fu,Ilanchezhiyan, P.,Yuldashev, Sh.,Madhan Kumar, A.,Cho, H.D.,Lee, D.J.,Kang, T.W. Elsevier 2018 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.455 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this work, Cu doped SnS<SUB>2</SUB> nanoflakes were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method. The influence of Cu doping on the structural, optical and electrical properties of SnS<SUB>2</SUB> were investigated in detail. Optical properties explores the Cu doping in SnS<SUB>2</SUB> crystal lattice to result with a red-shift in absorption spectrum, which benefits visible-light absorption. Photodiodes were further fabricated by spin coating Cu doped SnS<SUB>2</SUB> nanoflakes on p-type silicon (Si). Electrical and photoelectrical parameters of Cu doped SnS<SUB>2</SUB> nanoflakes were determined by studying their impedance and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics, respectively. The diodes were found to exhibit excellent rectifying behavior and good sensitivity on par to pristine photodiodes. Impedance results identified the resistance of device to reduce considerably on Cu doping. The enhanced photoelectrical properties of the heterojunctions has been ascribed to Cu ions, which act as effective dopant and contribute to the varied carrier concentration in SnS<SUB>2</SUB>. Finally the obtained results suggest the potential of Cu-doped SnS<SUB>2</SUB> for application in photodetection and sensors applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cu doped SnS<SUB>2</SUB> nanoflakes were synthesized in hexagonal phase. </LI> <LI> Nature of charge carriers/carrier density was determined using Mott-Schottky plots. </LI> <LI> Photodiode based on Cu doped SnS<SUB>2</SUB> nanoflakes were fabricated on p-Si substrate. </LI> <LI> Photodiode revealed improved photocurrent and responsitivity values under illumination. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Jeong, Young-Hoon,Tantry, Udaya S.,Park, Yongwhi,Kwon, Tae Jung,Park, Jeong Rang,Hwang, Seok-Jae,Bliden, Kevin P.,Koh, Eun-Ha,Kwak, Choong Hwan,Hwang, Jin-Yong,Kim, Sunjoo,Gurbel, Paul A. American Diabetes Association 2012 Diabetes care Vol.35 No.11
<P><B>OBJECTIVE</B></P><P>To determine the effect of adding cilostazol (100 mg b.i.d.) to standard-dose clopidogrel (75 mg/d) (TRIPLE) compared with double-dose clopidogrel (150 mg/d) (DOUBLE) and the influence of the cytochrome P450 (<I>CYP2C19*2/*3</I>, <I>CYP3A5*3)</I>and ATP-binding cassette subfamily B1(<I>ABCB1 C3435T</I>) genetic polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients.</P><P><B>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</B></P><P>T2DM patients were treated with TRIPLE (<I>n</I> = 41) or DOUBLE (<I>n</I> = 39) after percutaneous coronary intervention. Conventional aggregometry and VerifyNow were performed at baseline and at 30 days. The primary end point was absolute change in 20-μM ADP-induced maximal platelet aggregation (ΔMPA<SUB>20</SUB>) between baseline and switching values.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>TRIPLE versus DOUBLE showed greater ΔMPA<SUB>20</SUB> (22.9 ± 11.6 vs.12.7 ± 15.5%; difference, 10.2% [95% CI 4.2–16.3]; <I>P</I> < 0.001). Carriage of one (β coefficient, −5.4%; <I>P</I> = 0.162) and two <I>CYP2C19</I> loss-of-function allele(s) (−8.3%; <I>P</I> = 0.007) were associated with lower ΔMPA<SUB>20</SUB> in DOUBLE–treated patients, but not in TRIPLE-treated patients.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS</B></P><P>Among T2DM patients, adding cilostazol achieves greater platelet inhibition compared with clopidogrel (150 mg/d), which is not influenced by genetic polymorphisms.</P>
Rho, M.S.,Lee, K.P. Pergamon Press 2016 Journal of insect physiology Vol.91 No.-
<P>Recent developments in insect gerontological and nutritional research have suggested that the dietary protein:carbohydrate (P:C) balance is a critical determinant of lifespan and reproduction in many insects. However, most studies investigating this important role of dietary P:C balance have been conducted using dipteran and orthopteran species. In this study, we used the mealworm beetles, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), to test the effects of dietary P:C balance on lifespan and reproduction. Regardless of their reproductive status, both male and female beetles had the shortest lifespan at the protein-biased ratio of P:C 5:1. Mean lifespan was the longest at P:C 1:1 for males and at both P:C 1:1 and 1:5 for females. Mating significantly curtailed the lifespan of both males and females, indicating the survival cost of mating. Age-specific egg laying was significantly higher at P:C 1:1 than at the two imbalanced P:C ratios (1:5 or 5:1) at any given age throughout their lives, resulting in the highest lifetime reproductive success at P:C 1:1. When given a choice, beetles actively regulated their intake of protein and carbohydrate to a slightly carbohydrate-biased ratio (P:C 1:1.54-1:1.64 for males and P:C 1:1.31:1.36 for females). The self-selected P:C ratio was significantly higher for females than males, reflecting a higher protein requirement for egg production. Collectively, our results add to a growing body of evidence suggesting the key role played by dietary macronutrient balance in shaping lifespan and reproduction in insects. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Effects of brush-anode configurations on performance and electrochemistry of microbial fuel cells
Kang, Heunggu,Jeong, Jaesik,Gupta, Prabuddha L.,Jung, Sokhee P. Elsevier 2017 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.42 No.45
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>For practical implementation of MFC, increasing power generation is important because it is closely related with energy production rate and wastewater treatability. However, it is not known which relative arrangement of anode and cathode gives the best performance, and it is necessary to know electrochemical reference point of the brush anode for this. Five different brush-anode configurations were tested in a single-chambered cubic MFC. By merely changing a brush anode configuration, power and current densities were increased by 20% and 30%, respectively. The horizontally-positioned anode configuration (H1) with the closest anode-cathode distance produced the highest power and current. EIS showed that anode impedance and full-cell impedance were decreased by 60% and 49%, respectively. CE and EE were not significantly affected by the anode-cathode distance, but the horizontal type cells showed relatively higher CE, EE and COD removal rate and shorter batch time. The center of a titanium current collector and the center of carbon fibers of a brush-anode were found to be statistically-significant reference points for MFC electrochemistry.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> By merely changing anode configuration, P<SUB>max</SUB> increased by 20%. </LI> <LI> By merely changing anode configuration, I<SUB>opt</SUB> increased by 30%. </LI> <LI> Anode impedance and full-cell impedance decreased by 60% and 49%, respectively. </LI> <LI> The horizontal anode with closest electrode distance produced the highest power and current. </LI> <LI> The center of a titanium current collector and the center of carbon fibers were statistically-significant reference points. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>