Electrochemical Cr(VI) reduction using a sacrificial Fe anode: Impacts of solution chemistry and stoichiometry

Chuang, Sheng-Ming,Ya, Vinh,Feng, Chiao-Lin,Lee, Shou-Jen,Choo, Kwang-Ho,Li, Chi-Wang Elsevier 2018 Separation and purification technology Vol.191 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A systematic investigation of Cr(VI) reduction using electrochemical reduction revealed that the Cr(VI) reduction was extremely fast with reaction kinetics limited by the anodic generation of Fe(II). The Cr(VI) reduction rate increased with decreasing pH at the initial stage of reaction but the time to reach complete Cr(VI) reduction is pH independent. The amount of Fe(II) generated per mole of Cr(VI) reduced was calculated and compared with the stoichiometric value, i.e., 3mole of Fe(II) needed per mole of Cr(VI) reduced. The values are 11.1% higher than the stoichiometric value for pH 7 and 9, but are 32.0% less for pH 3 and 5. The spontaneous reduction of Cr(VI) by Fe<SUP>0</SUP> and adsorption of Cr(VI) to Fe(OH)<SUB>3</SUB> precipitates might contribute the additional Cr(VI) removal. Effect of DO was investigated under various mixing schemes. Under N<SUB>2</SUB> purging, Fe(II) generated for one mole of Cr(VI) reduced is 3.67% higher than the stoichiometric value, while mechanic mixing and aeration mixing show 15% and 19%, respectively, higher than stoichiometric value, indicating that DO does impact Cr(VI) reduction. The electrochemical Cr(VI) reduction process was also employed to treat electroplating wastewater with and without pH pre-adjustment, achieving 100% total Cr and Ni removal for both cases. ORP can be used as a controlling parameter when electrochemical reduction is implemented for Cr(VI) reduction.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effect of current on Cr(VI) reduction under same current density was studied. </LI> <LI> Effects of initial and fixed pH on Cr(VI) reduction were investigated. </LI> <LI> Effect of DO on Cr(VI) reduction was explored. </LI> <LI> Electrochemical reduction was applied for treating electroplating wastewater. </LI> <LI> ORP is an ideal parameter for controlling electrochemical Cr(VI) reduction. </LI> </UL> </P>

Network topology control strategy based on spatial evolutionary public goods game

Li, Zhi,Deng, Chuang,Suh, Il Hong Elsevier 2015 PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIO Vol.432 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>It is often the case that rational individuals will adjust their connectivity in commercial or social activities for maximizing their payoffs. In this process, we can observe that individuals always gather around a leader or a competitive individual who can bring them more benefits. Inspired by this, we propose a strategy that impels nodes of network to connect with a specific node that we have specified with the perspective of spatial evolutionary public goods game. Thus a node is specified and given a larger enhancement factor which reflects his advantage over others. Then we employ a payoff-oriented preferential rewire strategy that individual will sever a neighbor who provides him with the lowest benefit and then link others randomly. The results illustrate that this strategy not only ensures the promotion of cooperation but also increases the degree of the specified node. Furthermore, we analyze the effect of two relevant parameters: enhancement factor and rewire frequency. We find that if the control strategy expects to work effectively, these two parameters have to ensure an evolution environment where cooperators can prevail defectors. We also conclude that a relatively low rewire frequency contributes to increasing the degree of the specified node. Meanwhile we attempt to present our interpretations for these phenomena.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The phenomenon that competitive individual will attract more partners is interpreted with the framework of spatial evolutionary game theory. </LI> <LI> A strategy that impels nodes of network to connect with a specified node is proposed. </LI> <LI> Cooperative environment is essential for attractive operation. </LI> <LI> Low rewire frequency leads to high level of heterogeneity. </LI> </UL> </P>

Scrap iron packed in a Ti mesh cage as a sacrificial anode for electrochemical Cr(VI) reduction to treat electroplating wastewater

Ya, Vinh,Guillou, Esther Le,Chen, Yi-Ming,Yu, Jui-Hsuan,Choo, Kwang-Ho,Chuang, Sheng-Ming,Lee, Shou-Jen,Li, Chi-Wang Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL- TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS Vol.87 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A novel sacrificial anode comprised of scrap iron packed inside a cage made of titanium mesh was developed for Cr(VI) reduction. With electric currents applied, the surface passivation of scrap iron electrode could be avoided. Due to the large surface area with open structures provided, the applied current densities (1.18–3.54 mA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>) were low, resulting in low operating voltage and energy consumption. Complete Cr(VI) removal was achieved with electric currents applied, whereas only 20% of the Cr(VI) was removed without electricity. Direct Cr(VI) reduction on the iron surface was a dominant mechanism for the system operated at low (0.25 A) or no current. Acidic pH levels were more effective in Cr(VI) removal, due to more adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the precipitated Fe hydroxide. The trend in total Cr removal was almost the same as that of Cr(VI) removal, but time required to complete total Cr removal was extended. With intermittent electricity supply at a high electric current intensity, the energy consumption of the system was more efficient. Using scrap iron as a sacrificial anode under the intermittent current condition can save 72–77% of the total operational costs required by the conventional plate electrode.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A novel anode packed with scrap iron inside a Ti mesh was used for reducing Cr(VI). </LI> <LI> Electroplating wastewater containing Cr(VI) and Ni(II) was treated. </LI> <LI> Current intensity and initial pH affect the Cr(VI) reduction pattern significantly. </LI> <LI> Intermittent but high electric current supply saved 72–77% of the operating costs. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Correlation between fat accumulation and fecal microbiota in crossbred pigs

Li Xin,Li Mengyu,Han Jinyi,Liu Chuang,Han Xuelei,Wang Kejun,Qiao Ruimin,Li Xiu-Ling,Li Xin-Jian 한국미생물학회 2022 The journal of microbiology Vol.60 No.11

Backfat thickness (BF) is an important indicator of fat deposition capacity and lean meat rate in pigs and is very important in porcine genetics and breeding. Intestinal microbiota plays a key role in nutrient digestion and utilization with a profound impact on fat deposition of livestock animals. To investigate the relationship between the pig gut microbiome and BF, 20 low-BF (L-BF) and 20 high-BF (H-BF) pigs were selected as two groups from Yunong Black pigs in the present study. Fecal samples from pigs were analyzed for microbial diversity, composition, and predicted functionality using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that there were significant differences in microbial β diversity between the two groups. LEfSe analysis revealed a number of bacterial features being differentially enriched in either L-BF or H-BF pigs. Spearman correlation analysis identified the abundance of Oscillospira, Peptococcus, and Bulleidia were significantly positive correlations with BF (P < 0.05), while Sutterella and Bifidobacterium were significantly negatively correlated with BF (P < 0.05). Importantly, the bacteria significantly positively correlated with BF mainly belong to Clostridium, which can ferment host-indigestible plant polysaccharides into shortchain fatty acid (SCFA) and promote fat synthesis and deposition. Predictive functional analysis indicated that the pathway abundance of cell motility and glycan biosynthesis were significantly widespread in the microbiota of the H-BF group. The results of this study will be useful for the development of microbial biomarkers for predicting and improving porcine BF, as well as for the investigation of targets for dietary strategies.

Fault Line Detection Methodology for Four Parallel Lines on the Same Tower

Li, Botong,Li, Yongli,Yao, Chuang The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.4

A method for faulted line detection of four parallel lines on the same tower is presented, based on four-summing and double-differential sequences of one terminal current. Four-summing and double-differential sequences of fault current can be calculated using a certain transformation matrix for parameter decoupling of four parallel transmission lines. According to fault boundary conditions, the amplitude and phase characteristics of four-summing and double-differential sequences of fault current is studied under conditions of different types of fault. Through the analysis of the relationship of terminal current and fault current, a novel methodology for fault line detection of four parallel transmission line on the same tower is put forward, which can pick out the fault lines no matter the fault occurs in single line or cross double lines. Simulation results validate that the methodology is correct and reliable under conditions of different load currents, transient resistances and fault locations.

Immediate Effects of a Relaxation-Training Program on Finger Temperature and Psychological Responses for Women with Preterm Labor

Li-Lan Chuang,Li-Chan Lin 한국간호과학회 2009 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10

Surface Self-Nanocrystallization of α+β Titanium Alloy by Surface Mechanical Grinding Treatment

Chuang Li,Wenfang Cui,Yusheng Zhang 대한금속·재료학회 2017 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.23 No.3

In this work, the heavy deformation was performed on Ti6Al4V alloy by using surface mechanical grindingtreatment (SMGT) in order to obtain surface nanocrystalline layer. The phase structure and microstructuresin the deformation zones were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. The nanocrystallization mechanisms ofα and α phase were clarified. The results show that a gradient structure including nano grain, quasi nanograinand micro-grains was achieved within the depth of 500 μm below the surface. The depth of nanocrystallineslayer was at least 20 μm. From the non deformation zone in the center to the heavy deformation zone close totreated surface, dislocation densities gradually increased. The original coarse grains gradually evolved intodislocation cell structures and subgrains through dislocation movement. In the depth of about 20 μm belowthe treated surface, the subgrains began to split into nano-scale grains with high angle grain boundaries bylattice rotation and tilting mechanisms. During SMGT, β phase deformed and refined prior to α phase, andinhibited the generation of twinning in α grain. The coordinated deformation between a and β phase promotedthe formation of nanocrystallines.

Research on Physical Characteristics of Chinese College Students of Different Physical Activity Levels

Li, Chuang,Long, Qianwen,Song, Jeho The International Promotion Agency of Culture Tech 2020 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.8 No.3

Through a investigation of the physical activity status of 1794 undergraduates who were non-sports majors from freshman to senior in Jiangxi Normal University, to analyze physical fitness status of college students with different physical activity levels. The results showed that in physical activity, high-intensity physical activity of male was higher than female, while medium-intensity and low-intensity (insufficient) physical activity of female was higher than male. College students' high-intensity physical activity group's physical test scores were better than the medium-intensity physical activity group, and the medium-intensity physical activity group was superior to the low physical activity group. In terms of physical fitness, among the test indicators of body shape and physiological function, the vital capacity and body mass index of male and female were ranked at a pass level. In the physical fitness test indicators, the performance of college students' endurance qualities was better while the overall performance of strength qualities was lower. The overall fitness of college students was ranked at a pass level, and the physical test scores of female were better than male.

Progressive Orthogonal Optimization Design Method for High Efficiency Axial-flow Blower

Chuang Li,Jianrun Zhang,Wenbin Yu 한국유체기계학회 2018 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.11 No.4

To solve the problem of excessive design parameters of flow channel during the comprehensive optimization of the axial-flow blower"s total pressure efficiency and flux, a progressive optimization design method which is based on the importance of structural parameters is proposed. The accurate numerical simulation model of flow channel is built, verified and updated by experiment results. According to the model, progressive orthogonal optimization design is developed as following steps: the first is axial fan design, then the orthogonal design of the structure parameters of entire flow channel is further advanced. This approach is applied to the optimization design of an axial-flow blower in this paper, and the results show that the uniformity of the flow field in the flow channel is significantly increased and the vertexes spreading in the flow channel are obviously reduced, the flux is increased from 0.145m3/s to 0.171m³/s, and the efficiency increased from 45.47% to 58.13%, it indicates that the method can meet the design requirements well while being efficient.

Fault Line Detection Methodology for Four Parallel Lines on the Same Tower

Botong Li,Yongli Li,Chuang Yao 대한전기학회 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.4

A method for faulted line detection of four parallel lines on the same tower is presented, based on four-summing and double-differential sequences of one terminal current. Four-summing and double-differential sequences of fault current can be calculated using a certain transformation matrix for parameter decoupling of four parallel transmission lines. According to fault boundary conditions, the amplitude and phase characteristics of four-summing and double-differential sequences of fault current is studied under conditions of different types of fault. Through the analysis of the relationship of terminal current and fault current, a novel methodology for fault line detection of four parallel transmission line on the same tower is put forward, which can pick out the fault lines no matter the fault occurs in single line or cross double lines. Simulation results validate that the methodology is correct and reliable under conditions of different load currents, transient resistances and fault locations.