離騷의 性格

金學主 서울대학교 동아문화연구소 1979 東亞文化 Vol.16 No.-

Since Ssu-ma Ch'ien eulogized Ch'u¨ Yu¨an as a great patriotic poet and his Li-Sao (Encountering Sorrow) as a song of"loyalty to his king and love to the people," from Wang Yi (Ch'u Tz'uˇ Chang Chu¨楚辭章句) to modern Chinese scholars (Ch'u Tz'uˇYen Chiu Lun Wen Chi 楚辭硏究論文集), most of the scholars have interpreted Li-Sao as a patriotic poem. But lately some scholars, such as Liao P'ing(Ch'u Tz'uˇ Chiang Yi 楚辭講義), Ho T'ian Hsing (Ch'u T'zu¨ Tzo Yu¨ Han Tai K'ao 楚辭作於漢代考), and Chu Tung Jun (Ch'u Ko and Ch'u Tz'uˇ 楚歌與楚辭, Writer of Li-Sao 離騷的作者, etc.), denying the existence of Ch'u¨ Yu¨an, contended that Li-Sao is a song of "fairy excursion."In this paper, I have examined the above mentioned two directions of interpretation of Li-Sao, and analogized it's character through the analysis of the text. For the convenience of quotation of the text, I gave numbers from 1 to 188 to every line (two phrase for one line) of Li-Sao. (2) In the text of Li-Sao, lines 17-20, 40-41, 44 and 188 directly express the poet's loyalty to his king or love to the people (or the country). But most of the general purport arrives at the despair and resentment to this world. Besides, on the lines 13-16, 19, 38-39, 53, 72-87, and 145-149, we can find a description of the conduct of great sages and tyrants. These also show that Li-Sao is a patriotic poem. On the other hand, in most of the text of Li-Sao the poet describes his visionary excursion to the fairyland and heaven. On lines 54-64, we find his desire of the long journey, and on lines 72-185, we find his three-time fairy excursions. Consequently, we can say that Li-Sao is a song of fairy excursion. (3) Of course there are far more lines which support Li-Sao as a patriotic poem or song of fairy excursion. But both of these two interpretations have a good many negative expressions in themselves. We find in them defects not sufficient to assert the character of the poem as such. So I analyzed the text various ways to obtain the clear character of it. As a result, I draw a deduction that this originated from an early shaman of Ch'u. In concluding the character of Li-Sao, most important factor is an interpretation of P'eng Hsien, which is stated in the last paragraph: "Since none is worthwhile to work with in making good government, I will go and join P'eng Hsien in the place where he abides.(旣莫足與爲美政兮, 吾將從彭咸之所居)" Wang Yi commented on P'eng Hsien as a "sage of Shang dynasty, who drowned himself because his king disregarded his advice," and the last line of Li-Sao has been taken as the poet's statement of his intention to drown himself. But it is clear that his explanation has no basis. As Ho T'ien-Hsing (at Ch'u Tz'uˇ Tzo Yi Han Tai K'ao) pointed out, it is very reasonable to explain P'eng Hsien as ancient shamans, Wu P'eng and Wu Hsien, shown in: Shang Hai Ching, and "to join P'eng Hsien" means rather the poet's, intention to devote himself to occult training as a shaman. At the beginning of Li-Sao, the poet described his family lineage because early shamans were handed down from father to son as a profession. And he introduced his name(字) as Ling Chun(靈均). When we think of Wang Yi's commentary "靈, 巫也" and other shaman's name Ling Hsiu, Ling Fen, and Ling Pao of the Ch'u Tz'uˇ, the name Ling Chu¨n bespeaks itself a name of a shaman. Before his first visionary excursion, the poet paid a visit to the spirit of Emperor Shun to get his advice, which means that Shun was one of the spirit enshrined by the poet shaman. This fact also, explains why Li-Sao has so many descriptions of loyalty to the Kingand love of the country. And most of the works of Ch'u Tz'uˇ, which recorded under the, name of Ch'u¨ Yu¨an and his student Sung Yu¨, such as Chiu-Ko, T`ian-Wen, Yuan-You, P'u-Chu¨, Chiu-Pian, Chao-Hun, and Ta-Chao preserve more obvious tinges of shaman than Li-Sao. Consequently, it might be maintained that Li-Sao is a early song of shaman, neither a patriotic poem nor a song of fairy excursion.

Exploring the Effect of Comprehensibility in K-content Titles on Behavioral Intention: A Need for Cognition Perspective

Chu,Kyounghee(Kyounghee Chu),Kim,Ji Yoon(Ji Yoon Kim) 한국상품학회 2024 商品學硏究 Vol.42 No.1

This study empirically explores the impact of the comprehensibility of K-content titles on consumer evaluation. The specific objective of the research is as follows: to analyze the influence of the comprehensibility level of K-content titles on behavioral intentions (intention to watch). More specifically, this study aims to verify whether the patterns of influence of comprehensibility levels of K-content titles on consumer evaluations differ based on need for cognition(NFC) levels. The experimental results revealed differences in intention to watch K-movies depending on cognitive needs levels. In other words, viewers with lower need for cognition have higher viewing intentions towards movies with titles that are more comprehensible compared to those with less comprehensible titles. On the other hand, viewers with higher need for cognition have higher viewing intentions towards movies with less comprehensible titles compared to those with more comprehensible titles. Prior research has primarily focused on consumer responses to the comprehensibility of key messages or information within the field of communication. In this regard, by applying the concept of comprehensibility to the titles of K-Contents, this research strengthens the theoretical foundation concerning the effectiveness of message delivery and consumer response, while also deepening the understanding of global marketing strategies for K-Contents. In terms of practical implications, it emphasizes to K-Content creators and marketers that the comprehensibility of titles significantly influences consumer interest and viewing intentions. This offers critical guidance in the selection of titles and formulation of marketing strategies for K-Contents. Furthermore, optimizing content titles for a global audience with diverse cognitive needs can contribute to the successful international spread of K-Contents. Therefore, by comprehensively understanding the impact of K-Content titles on consumer evaluations, this study is expected to make significant contributions both academically and practically.

龜玆樂 關聯의 개存 硏究成果 檢討 : A Critical Review

홍주희 한국음악사학회 2002 한국음악사학보 Vol.29 No.-

In order to make a systematic approach to the study of Kuei-tzu˘ music 龜玆樂, this paper is intended to investigate the outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Korean and Chinese scholars from the 1950s to the present. Most outcomes have been studied by Chinese musicologists including P'an Huai-su 播?素, Ch'ang Jen-hsia 常任俠, Chou Chi 周吉, Ho Ch'ang-lin 何昌林, Ch'iu Ch'iung-lin 丘璟蓀, Li Ping 呂氷 and so on. Also included are such Korean scholars as An Hwak 安廓, Lee Hye-ku [Yi Hye-gu] 李惠求, Song Bang-song [Song Pang-song] 宋芳松, Cho˘n In-p'yo˘ng 全仁平 and Hong Chu-hu˘i 洪周希, and also such Japanese musicologists as Kishibe Shigeo 岸邊成雄 and Hayashi Kenzo― 林謙三. The outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music can be divided into two groups in a broad sence : the first group is the outcomes related directly with Kuei-tzu˘ music, while the other group, the outcomes related indirectly with Kuei-tzu˘ music. This paper consists of three parts : Ⅰ. Introduction, Ⅱ. The Main Issue : 1. Studies on Kuei-tzu˘ Music : 1) Studies on Kuei-tzu˘ Music in Ancient Period; Modal Theory Called We-tan-ch'i-sheng 五旦七聲 by Su Chih-p'o 蘇祗婆, Historical Change of Musical Scale, Musical Instruments, and General Approach to Kuei-tzu˘ Music, 2) Relation between Ancient Kuei-tzu˘ Music and Current Makam, 2. Studies of Indirectly Related with Kuie-tzu˘ Music : 1) Outcomes by Cultural Approach, 2) Outcomes by Iconographic Materials, 3) General Survey, Ⅲ. Conclusion. In conclusion it is pointed out that the outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Korean scholars are very poor in comparison with those by Japanese and Chinese scholars. Translations of studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Kishibe Shigeo and Hayashi Kenzo― made a contribution to the study of Kuei-tzu˘ Music in Korea. The author, therefore, emphasizes that it is necessary to translate works on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Chinese scholars into Korean.

元曲 特質 小考

李桂柱 단국대학교 중어중문학과 1974 中國文學報 Vol.- No.1

이동로봇의 여유자유도 최적화에 관한 이론적 고찰

주백석(B. Chu1),성영휘(W.H. Sung) 한국생산제조학회 2013 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.8

ADGO: analysis of differentially expressed gene sets using composite GO annotation

Nam, Dougu,Kim, Sang-Bae,Kim, Seon-Kyu,Yang, Sungjin,Kim, Seon-Young,Chu, In-Sun Oxford University Press 2006 Bioinformatics Vol.22 No.18

<P><B>Motivation:</B> Genes are typically expressed in modular manners in biological processes. Recent studies reflect such features in analyzing gene expression patterns by directly scoring gene sets. Gene annotations have been used to define the gene sets, which have served to reveal specific biological themes from expression data. However, current annotations have limited analytical power, because they are classified by single categories providing only unary information for the gene sets.</P><P><B>Results:</B> Here we propose a method for discovering composite biological themes from expression data. We intersected two annotated gene sets from different categories of Gene Ontology (GO). We then scored the expression changes of all the single and intersected sets. In this way, we were able to uncover, for example, a gene set with the molecular function <I>F</I> and the cellular component <I>C</I> that showed significant expression change, while the changes in individual gene sets were not significant. We provided an exemplary analysis for HIV-1 immune response. In addition, we tested the method on 20 public datasets where we found many ‘filtered’ composite terms the number of which reached ∼34% (a strong criterion, 5% significance) of the number of significant unary terms on average. By using composite annotation, we can derive new and improved information about disease and biological processes from expression data.</P><P><B>Availability:</B> We provide a web application (ADGO: http://array.kobic.re.kr/ADGO) for the analysis of differentially expressed gene sets with composite GO annotations. The user can analyze Affymetrix and dual channel array (spotted cDNA and spotted oligo microarray) data for four species: human, mouse, rat and yeast.</P><P><B>Contact:</B> chu@kribb.re.kr</P><P><B>Supplementary information:</B> http://array.kobic.re.kr/ADGO</P>

디젤機關의 機關變數條件에 따른 排氣가스 有毒成分 減少方案에 관한 硏究

曺秋景 단국대학교 교육대학원 1985 敎育論叢 Vol.1 No.-

Air pollution from exhaust gases become a more important social problem since the number of vehicles is increasing rapidly. This thesis examines and comares the requlated amount with the one which are the results of the traces of the changing trends of major noxious ingeredients, CO. HC. NOx and Smoks according to the engine variation of diesel engine. In addition, the changing trends of CO Emissions Map, Smoke Emissions Map, Exhaust Flow Rate and Exhaust temperature are presented through the test results of 2D diesel engines. Engine speed, load, fuel jet characteristics, cetane number, fuel to air ratio, temperature and pressure of inspiration and and EGR are the different engine vaiatiorns which effect the noxious ingredients of exhaust gas. The changing trends of major noxious ingredients according to these variations are examined, and the changing variation which minimizes emission of noxious gas is chosen and the cause is found out.

3D scanner를 이용한 자동인체계측프로그램의 활용방안 : 노년여성을 중심으로 For Elderly Women

서추연 東亞大學校 附設 生活科學硏究所 2003 생활과학연구 논문집 Vol.11 No.-

This study was designed to examine the currently-used 3-D scanner and automatic body measuring program and to verify the usefulness of automatic body measuring program through the comparative analysis of results of direct body measuring with the automatic body measuring method using 3-D scanner for elderly women. 1. The analysis on the 3-D scanner and automatic body measuring program used in Korea showed that the 3D whole body scanner(WB4)(Cyberware Inc., USA) and Scan Worx VV2.6(Techmath Inc., Germany) had a comparatively high performance in terms of data gathering function and interchangeability between programs. 2. According to the results of comparing direct body measuring with automatic body measuring, no significant differences existed in all measurement items except back length. This result assures that the automatic body measuring is greatly reliable. In case of measuring the back length of elderly women using the automatic body measuring program, a scrupulous attention should be paid since the automatic body measuring program measures a vertical distance from back neck point to center back waist point, whileas the elderly women's back tends to be bent. 3. Comparing the Body measurement report for Elderly women(2002) with the results of this study, the measurement results in most of measurement items turned out to be similar, meaning that the results of this study can be used in body shape analysis as well as apparel production. 4. According to the somatotype analysis based on the KS K0055, the body type can be classified in the order of EN type(60.0%)-normal type, EA type(26.7%)-large hip type, and EH type(13.3%)-small hip type. According to the results of body type analysis, there was no significant differences in all measurement items except in thigh girth left, right item. 5. From the results of this study, the body measurement results acquired by using the automatic body measuring program turn out to be very useful. Especially for elderly women, however, the automatic body measuring program was disagreeable in such parts as back length, bust point width, side neck point to bust point length since the program was developed for general people not for the specific elderly women. Therefore, a special care needs to be paid when measuring those items for elderly women by using the program.

인플레이션과 資本豫算

尹宙赫 동국대학교 대학원 1985 大學院硏究論集-東國大學校 大學院 Vol.15 No.-

Capital budgeting involves the outlay of current funds in autipation of cash flow benefits to be realized in the future. Capital budgeting decisions by corporations have a major impact on capital formation and on the economic growth of a country. But the presense of inflation in the economy distorts capital budgeting decisions. The purpose of this paper is to provide organization with a practical method of incorporating the expected effects of inflation in their capital budgeting processes. An attempt has been made to discover which aspects of inflation will directly affect proposed investments and how they can be taken into account in an operational manner. This paper examines the importance of developing capital budgeting models and their extensive use in practice by showing the results of a survey of American business firms which was made to determine the capital budgeting methods that they are actually using. And this paper identifies the factors in the investors in the investment decision which are likely to be directly affected by price level changes. In estimating cash flows, it is important to take account of anticipation. Otherwise, a bias arises and there is a tendency to reject some projects that should be accepted. Finally four theoretical models, adjusted to incorporate inflationary effects are outlined and critically evaluated. Van Horne’s model appears to be practical. It is also conceptually sound. Much of his reasoning is based on economic theory and empirical observation. Many theoreticians and practical decision makers have recognized the important of inflation in capital budgeting, yet few heve attempted to incorporate its effects explicitly.

Sublimatography에 의한 多價 Phenol 異性體의 分離 : Sunlimatographic Separation of mixed system. Ⅱ

金柱奉 東亞大學校 1967 東亞論叢 Vol.4 No.-

2價 Phenol, 3價 Phenol의 各其의 異性體混合物의 Sublimatogaphy에 의한 分離를 하여 이들이 어느 程度로 分離되느냐를 檢討하였다. 2價 Phenol에 있어서는 Hydroquinone과 Pyrocatechol은 그 混合物에서 잘 分離되었고 Hydroquinon과 Rexorcinol, Resorcinol과 Pyrocatechol은 各其의 混合物에서 完全히 分離하는 것은 多少 困難하였다. 3價 Phenol의 異性體 Phloroglucinol과 Pyrogallol은 잘 分離되었다. 이들의 結果는 各其 單獨으로 測定된 Sample의 加熱溫度 th와 Condensed zone의 位置를 表示하는 v.c.p의 關係曲線에서 推定되는 分離性과 잘 一致된다. Sublimatographic Separation of Polyhydric Phenol Isomers were studied where by; 1) Hydroquinone(P-Compound) and Pyrocatechol(O-Compound) were Separated completelt from each other. 2) The Separation of Hydroquinone(P-Compound) and Resorcinol(m-Compound) was incomplete, although Hydroquinone could be solated purtly from the mixture. 3) The Separation ofResorcinol(m-Compound) and Pyrocatechol(O-Compound) was incomplete, while the most part of Resorcinol could be isolated. 4) Phloroglucinol and Pyrogallol were separated completely. The results were in good agreement with those expected from th-v.c.p curves.