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崔善奎,李明豪,趙伯濟 서울大學校經濟硏究所 2001 經濟論集 Vol.40 No.4
이 글에서는 최근 전자상거래의 비중이 높아짐에 따라 경제학의 주요 연구대상인 가격구조, 시장의 효율성, 기업의 전략 측면에서는 어떤 이슈가 생성·연구되고 있는지 살펴보고 있다. 이 논문에서 다루고 있는 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. 소비자의 탐색비용이 낮아짐에 따라 전자상거래에서 팔리고 있는 제품의 전반적인 가격수준은 오프라인에 비해선 낮아지고 있다. 전자상거래가 소비자 수요의 가격탄력성에 미치는 영향은 양면적으로 보인다. 전자상거래의 가격구조에서 흥미로운 사실은 오프라인에 비해서 동일 제품에 대한 가격분산의 폭이 크다는 것이다. 전자상거래가 확산되면서 가격경쟁이 벌어질 경우 디지털 정보재화시장에서의 가격은 한계비용인 영에 근접하기 쉽다. 기업들은 가격경쟁을 회피하는 방안으로 여러 가지 차별화전략을 구사하게 되고, 새로운 중계기관이 생겨나고 있다. 또 기존의 예상과는 구매자-판매자 관계는 시장 지향적이라기 보다는 위계 지향적인 관계가 주류를 이루고 있는 것으로 나타난다. 인터넷의 등장과 전자상거래의 확산으로 기업전략 측면에서 제품의 효과적인 개인화 방법, 브랜드 관리기법, 인터넷 광고의 효과성, 전자상거래 하에서의 여러 혁신적인 가격차별전략(경매가격, 실시간 동적 가격차별), 기존의 유통채널과 온라인 유통채널 간의 갈등(channel conflict) 등의 문제가 나타나고 있다.
박소민,최명신,한규원,김길수 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2005 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.15
PGE₁is an endogenous substance of potent vasodialator as well as inhibitor of platelet aggregation. It has been used therapeutically in peripheral arterial occlusive disease and impotence. Intracavernous injection of PGE₁ for erectile dysfunction has been established for several years as a treatment option for erectile dysfunction of diverse etiologies, but this mode of administration is limited by penile discomfort, pain at the injection site, inconvenience and noncompliance. As the matter of worse, the β-hydroxy moiety of PGE₁is extremely susceptile to dehydration in solution to give inactive PGA₁ and PGB₁. For the improvement of stability, rapid absorption at action site and the convenience of application, PGE₁was formulated as urethral suppositories of three types of formulations, such as PEG, witepsol, and the mixture of PEG and witepsol. The stability test of PGE₁and the release test in urinary suppositories were performed. Futhermore, the effect fo enhancers and vehicle composition on the penetration of PGE₁through excised rat skin was evaluated by permeability coefficient and enhancement ratio.
Choi, Ji‐,Min,Yoon, Bora,Choi, Kyungyong,Seol, Myeong‐,Lok,Kim, Jong‐,Man,Choi, Yang‐,Kyu Wiley - VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 2012 Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Vol.213 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A micropatterning method for depositing polydiacetylene (PDA) supramolecular vesicles on glass substrates, employing a pre‐patterned hydrophobic thin film, is presented. The pre‐patterned hydrophobic thin film is used to define surface‐exposed regions on hydrophilic glass substrates where selective immobilization of PDA vesicles takes place. The observation that fluorescent patterns are generated by heat treatment of the deposited PDAs demonstrates that the vesicles are successfully immobilized in the form of micropatterns. Finally, the possibility that this strategy may be used to design a vesicle‐based sensor chip system is demonstrated by the observation that fluorescence patterns are generated when the immobilized PDA vesicles interact with cyclodextrin.</P>
Genotypic Differences in Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization for Grain Yield of Rice
Myung-Kyu Oh,Myeong-Ki Kim,Min-Kyu Choi,Im-Soo Choi,Young-Chan Cho,Yeon-Gyu Kim,Jeom-Ho Lee,Young-Tae Lee 한국육종학회 2005 한국육종학회지 Vol.37 No.5
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the variation of nitrogen(N) use eficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency,and their relationships with grain yield in 34 rice genotypes. Significant diferences among genotypes were observed in grain yield,N uptake, total dry matter (TDM), and harvest index (HI). The N-eficient genotypes that produced high grain yield at both lowand standard levels of N were, Ilpumbyeo(MNU)77-GH1-3, Ilpumbyeo, and SR19616-2B-34-3. Inefficient genotypes that pro-genotypes giving low yields at both and standard levels. Increase in grain yield was highly correlated with N uptake (r2 = 0.65***)and TDM was also similarly correlated with N uptake. The grain yield-N uptake relationship for individual genotypes indicatedsignificant diference in slope and in the yield obtained with soil N (GY0). Differences in GY0 were due to genotypic variation inN uptake and efficiency of use. HI was related to both grain yield and TDM.
공관복음의 '사람 낚는 어부'는 구원의 이미지인가?: 심판의 이미지로 바라본 '사람 낚는 어부'
최규명(Choi Kyu-Myeong) 한국복음주의신약학회 2009 신약연구 Vol.8 No.2
The aim of this article is to investigate intertextuality between Mark 1:17, its parallelisms(Mt. 4:19, Lk. 5:10b) and Jeremiah 16:16, Habakkuk 1:14. The image of "fishers of men" has been understood as the meaning of missionary salvation in the Christianity for a long time. But it was often used as the metaphor of God's judgment in the Old Testament, especially in the prophetic writings. Scholars have investigated the relation between them. But they have concluded that there is no relation between them, because (unnecessary) the context in the New Testament shows the dawn of salvation in the kingdom of God. Therefore some have claimed that the image was used from other parallelisms with the meaning of missionary salvation and others have maintained that Jesus changed the image of judgment into the image of salvation. However, this article argues on the basis of Speech-Act theory that Jesus didn't employ unacquainted image or something new. On the contrary he used the well-known image in the Old Testament, especially in the prophetic writings. To test this hypothesis, this article adopts 'intertextuality' as method and it has three criterions. First, are the main words, "fishers of men" used? Second, is the concept of "fishing men" used? Third, does the theme of "the judgment on Jerusalem" appear in a similar way? Through this test, this article claims that Mark 1:17 and its parallelisms(Mt. 4:19, Lk. 5:10b) may echo Jeremiah 16:16 and Habakkuk 1:14. So the image of "fishers of men" in Mark 1:17 and its parallelisms can be interpreted as the image of judgment, especially on Jerusalem. "Fishers of men" does not imply the image of salvation. But it can convey the meaning of salvation, because the message of judgment can function as the message of salvation. It is illustrated by many examples in the Bible (e.g. the Jonah's message of judgment on Nineveh and its result as salvation, cf. Jonah 3:4, 10). Therefore we need not wonder that the image of judgment was used in the context declaring the dawn of salvation. In conclusion, we must still consider that the image of "fishers of men" in the synoptic Gospels may echo the image of judgment in the prophetic writings and deliver the meaning of judgment in the New Testament context.