분진의 개수농도 및 질량농도에 입각한 서울시 지하철 역사내 오염원의 기여도 결정

최형욱,황인조,김신도,김동술 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The subway play an important part in serious traffic problems. However, because subway system is a closed environment, many serious air pollution problems occurred in subway stations and injured passenger's health. Therefore, it is a necessary to identify sources and to estimate pollutant sources in order to protect passenger's health and to keep clean subway environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze a air quality in the subway stations and to apply a new receptor methodology for quantitatively estimate of PM 10 sources. In this study, the size distributions of particulate matters has been measured by using Aerosizer LD (U.S.A., API, Inc.). It's realtime measurement capability of time-of-flight technique offers a significant advantage of user convenience and air pollution management. Also, the mass concentrations of PM 10 has been measured by using mini-vol portable sampler (U.S.A., Airmetrics Co.). The sampling performed in Seoul subway stations during the period of February 2000 and April 2000. The number distribution data used in this study consisted of 26 raw data sets in the Jongno-sam-ga station. Correlation Analysis can be used in subway stations for source separation and identification. Then, number contribution from each source is determined by the particle number balance (PNB). The mass concentration data used in this study consisted of 31 raw data in the 8 different stations. The mass contributions of PM 10 sources in the concourse by using PMF/CMB model.

톡소포자충 감염마우스의 Cytokine 및 Heat shock protein 생산 분석

노형준,최인욱,신대환,이영하 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.2

T. gondii frequently causes severe congenital defects and life-threatening disease in immunocompromised individuals. Cytokines. nitric oxide (NO) and heat shock proteins (HSP) are important to control the parasite multiplication and host resistance. However. there were only fen reports about HSP70 in toxoplasmosis. Moreover. we do not know the cytokines and HSP70 production in case of NO inhibition. Therefore. this study was performed to analyze the production of NO. HSP70 and cytokines after adminstration of aminoguanidine (AMG. suppressor of NO production) in mice infected with T. gondii. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were injected with either 5 brain cysts of Me49 strain of T. gondii or 50㎍ of AMG for 2 weeks every day. and then mice were sacrificed at day 4. 7. 14 and 28. HSP70 production in the brain and spleen of both mice strains mere decreased after treatment with AMG. however Toxoplasma-infected ones were significantly increased. HSP70 production of Infection/AMG-treated group of C57BL/7mice was significantly decreased in comparison to Infection group. Whereas Infection/AMG-treated group of BALB/c mice showed similar HSP70 production compared to Infection group. After T. gondii infection. the IFN-γ and TNF-α mRNA expression in the brain and spleen was significantly increased in BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice. IFN-γ mRNA expression in the brain and spleen of Infection/AMG-treated BALB/c mice were not significant differences compared to those of infected ones. however there were significant differences in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice. TNF-α mRNA expression in the spleen of Infection/AMG-treated BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice were significantly decreased in comparison to those of infected ones. Taken together. HSP70. IFN-γ and TNF-α production were significantly increased in Toxoplasma-infected BALB/c and C57L/6 mice. After treatment with NO inhibitor in infected C57BL/6 mice, the production of HSP70 and IFN-γ were significantly decreased. whereas BALB/c mice were not significant differences of HSP70 and IFN-γ production between Infection and Infection/AMG-treated group.

Benoist씨 장치를 이용한 소아의 하악 과두 골절의 치험례 : A CASE REPORT

박상욱,최형준,차인호,김성오,최병재 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.3

소아에서의 하악 골절은 성인에서보다 드물다. 그러나, 어릴수록 강직과 성장장애의 가능성이 크며 성인만큼 악간고정을 잘 견뎌내지 못한다. 반면에, 골절은 소아에 있어 더 빨리 치유되고 합병증도 적다. 소아에서 하악 골절은 종종 하악의 acrylic splint therapy 단독 또는 eyelet wire 와 악간 고정을 같이 사용하여 성공적으로 치료될 수 있다. 발생할 수 있는 심각한 합병증으로는 유착과 성장장애가 있다. 이러한 합병증의 빈도와 심 각성은 좀더 짧은 기간의 악간고정과 긴밀한 술 후 관리에 의해 감소될 수 있다. 특히 소아 환자가 악간고정을 잘 견디지 못하는 경우, 악간고정의 기간이 길어지는 경우, 환자의 자발적인 운동요법이 어려운 경우, 악간고정이 불필요하고 개구장애 만을 일으킨 미약한 증상의 경우에는 동기부여에 의한 물리적 하악 운동요법이 사용될 수 있다. 본 증례에서는 하악 정중부의 외상으로 인하여 양측성 과두 골절이 일어난6세 여자 환아를 대상으로 상,하악에 elastic을 이용하여 하악의 개구, 측방 전방운동에 대해 훈련을 가능하게 하는 Benoist씨 장치를 이용한 능동적 하악 운동 요법으로 7개월 간의 정기 검진을 통하여 하악 운동량의 증진, 과두 유착의 방지, 골개조의 치료효과를 보였다. Mandibular fracture is less common in children than in adults. However children are more susceptible to ankylosis and developmental disorders, and don't respond as well to intermaxillary fixation compared to adults. On the other hand, bone fracture is healed more quickly in children and complications are scarce. Mandibular fracture in children is usually treated successfully with acrylic splint therapy with or without the use of eyelet wires and intermaxillary fixation. Severe complications that include ankylosis and developmental disorders may occur. The frequency and severity of such complications can be mitigated with a shorter duration of intermaxillary fixation and good post-operative care. Encouraging mandibular physical therapy by increasing patient motivation may be necessary in such cases where the patient's response is poor and the duration of intermaxillary fixation increases; when the patient is unable to undergo physical therapy, or when intermaxillary fixation is not necessary with the patient showing only minor symptoms such as trismus. In this case report, a 6 year-old girl with bilateral condylar fracture was treated with elastic in both the upper and lower jaws to allow mandibular physical therapy using a Benoist's appliance, which allows opening, lateral, and protrusive retrusive movements of the mandible. A 7-month follow-up showed beneficial therapeutic effects such as increased mandibular movement and prevention of condylar ankylosis.

자가유화 약물전달시스템을 이용한 이부프로펜의 용출개선 및 흰쥐에서의 생체이용률 평가

김형수,이상길,최성업,박혜숙,전현주,최영욱 한국약제학회 2002 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.32 No.1

A self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS) composed of Cremophor EL^?? Labrasol^?? and Lauroglycol FCC^?? was prepared for the enhancement of solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of ibuprofen(IBP), which is water-insoluble but soluble in oils and surfactants. Phase diagram with various regions including microemulsion area was depicted. The SMEDDS was encapsulated in soft gelatin capsules and their dissolution characteristics in various media were observed in comparison to the generic products commercially available in the market. Soft capsules of SMEDDS formulation showed better dissolution profiles, especially in acidic condition, than the others. For the period of 1 hr dissolution in pH 1.2 medium, it reached over 70% dissolution from soft capsules, compared to less than 40% dissolution from commercial reference tablets. On the other hand, in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained after oral administrations of different IBP preparations to Sprague Dawley rats. SMEDDS formulation showed higher C_max and greater AUC_0-5hr than the suspension of reference tablet or IBP powder. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that a newly developed soft capsules employing SMEDDS provides an alternative preparation to improve oral bioavailability of IBP.

저산소성 허혈성 뇌증 후 발생한 피질맹에 관한 임상적 고찰

윤영옥,최형철,오광수 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1996 圓光醫科學 Vol.12 No.2

Cortical blindness is defined as bilateral absence of vision caused by cerebral disease and is characterized by the retention of the pupillary responses and the absence of optic atrophy. The causes are multiple and include infection, trauma, cerebrovascular disease, toxins, hypoxia, degenerative diseases, congenital aberrations, and vasculitis. Thrombosis, embolization, and selective laminar cortical necrosis due to cerebral anoxia are possible mechanisms. We experienced a case of cortical blindness in a 6 month-old boy who had suffered from seizure and semicomatous mental status after milk choking. On 9th hospital day, mother of this patient noticed that her son had no visual regard and blinking movement. Brain MRI showed diffuse obliteration of white and gray matter differentiation in both parieto-occipital lobe in T1 weighted image and diffuse T2 hypointense lesion on the corresponding area suggesting diffuse hypoxic ischemic injury. Visual evoked potential revealed no response to flash. We report this case with a brief review of the related literatures.

Thiobacillus ferrooxidans를 이용한 소화 슬러지의 중금속 제거에 미치는 슬러지 농도의 영향

류희욱,김윤정,조경숙,강근석,최형민 이화여자대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 이화환경연구 Vol.2 No.-

철산화세균인 Thiobacillus ferrooxidans를 이용하여 폐수처리과정에서 발생되는 혐기소화 슬러지의 생물학적 중금속제거에 ㅍ미치는 슬러지 농도의 영향을 조사하였다. 혐기소화 슬러지와 탈수슬러지에 적용이 가능하도록 슬러지 농도를 2, 5, 9, 17%(w/v)로 설정하였다. 5%(w/v)이상의 슬러지 농도에서 T. ferrooxidans의 중금속 용출율이 매우 낮았다. T. ferrooxidans의 철산화능은 슬러지 용출액의 농도가 증가할 수록 저해받았고, 특히 슬러지 농도가 6%(w/v)이상인 슬러지 추출용액에서는 균의 활성이 완전히 저해받았다. 고농도 슬러지에서의 T. ferrooxidans의 활성저해는 물질전달의 제약보다는 용출액에 함유된 유기물이나 다른 용존저해물질의 작용이 주요 원인임을 알수 있었다. T. ferrooxidans는 혐기소화 슬러지액과 같이 고형물질의 양이 1.3∼4.0%(w/v)의 낮은 슬러지 농도에만 효과적으로 적용이 가능하였다. To investigate the feasibility of the microbial process for removal of heavy metals from the high solid content sludge, the effect of sludge concentration on the solubilization of heavy metals by an iron oxidizing Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was examined. With increasing the sludge concentration, the removal efficiency of heavy metals and the oxidation rate of iron were inhibited. Especially, when the sludge concentration is over 5%(w/v), the activity of T. ferrooxidans was remarkably inhibited. This inhibition is considered to occur due to the dissolved inhibitory materials such as organic compounds, heavy metals, and others which were extracted from the sludge during incubation period. In conclusion, the microbial process by T. ferrooxidans is only effectively used in ranges of 1.3 to 4.0%(w/v) sludge concentration.

서울시 지하철 역사내 라돈의 농도분포

황인조,한근혁,최형욱,김동술,김신도 경희대학교 환경연구소 2001 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

The various existing situations like overpopulation, urbanization, industrialization, and heavy traffic volume in the Seoul metropolitan area have led to the air pollution problem, traffic problem, and increase in opportunities of residing underground place. So, recently in Korea, the residents using underground working place have been of great concerns on indoor air pollutants such as HCHO, radon, particulate matter, carbon monoxide. However, the studies on indoor air pollution have been not extensively conducted in Korea. Indoor radon is an odorless, colorless, tasteless, invisible, inert, and naturally occurring radioactive gas. And it has been known as one of the notorious carcinogens. The purpose of this study was to survey the concentration variations of radon in the subway stations located Seoul metropolitan area. Total of 216 subway stations were surveyed by the continuous radon monitors from Mar. 2001 to Jun. 2001. The study showed that average radon levels of concourses in each line were 1.51, 1.45, 1.51, 1.23, 1.28, 1.37, 1.12, 1.28 pCi/L and those of platforms in each line were 2.09, 1.43, 1.37, 1.67, 1.44, 1.54, 1.40, 1.22 pCi/L, respectively. The study results showed that the average radon concentrations were 1.19 pCi/L in outdoor, 1.34 pCi/L in concourse, and 1.52 pCi/L in platform, respectively.

민항기 소음 예측을 위한 데이터베이스구축에 관한 고찰

송혁,송민정,최형욱,김선우 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1

The prediction of aircraft noise is based on the database of airplane's noise characteristics such as take-off and landing style etc. In this study, to predict the airplane flight noise, airplane which is being used for passengers and cargos currently are surveyed. The airplanes were divided into types and the noise characteristics of take off, flight at constant speed and landing were analyzed to establish database for prediction of aircraft noise. And the result of this study should be connected with GIS(Geographic Information System) to measure the area which is affected by aircraft noise.

정상 관동맥을 가진 심장 점액종 환자에서 발생한 급성 심근 경색증 1예

이정민,이현승,전은정,윤호중,정욱성,오용석,김철민,김재형,최규보,홍순조,이교영,심상인 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.9

관상동맥질환자에서 경흉부 도플러 심초음파를 이용한 좌심실 확장기 기능의 평가 : 좌심실 확장기 장애 형태에 따른 분류

전희경,윤호중,유기동,박지원,전두수,정욱성,채장성,김재형,최규보,홍순조 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.1