남성의 관점에서 본 노인 돌봄 경험과 역할전환에 관한 연구

최인희(In-Hee Choi),송효진(Hyo-Jean Song),지은숙(Eun-Sook Jee),정다은(Da-Eun Jung) 한국여성정책연구원 2016 한국여성정책연구원 연구보고서 Vol.2016 No.-

Ⅰ. 연구개요 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 □ 최근 한국사회의 노인돌봄과 관련한 대표적인 변화는 ‘남성(남편, 아들 등)’이 독립적으로 일상생활을 영위하는데 제한이 있는 노인에게 돌봄을 제공하는 주된 역할을 수행하는 비율이 꾸준히 증가하고 있다는 점임. - 그러나, 기존 국내 노인돌봄 연구는 ‘여성’ 돌봄자의 돌봄 경험, 부양부담 및 부담경감 방안에 초점을 두고 수행되었으며, ‘돌봄의 주체’로서의 남성과 남성의 돌봄자로의 역할 전환(transition) 과정에 초점을 둔 연구는 제한적으로 수행됨. - 국외에서는 증가하는 남성돌봄자의 이슈를 탐색하기 위해 돌봄 수행방식 및 주돌봄자가 인지하는 노인돌봄 부담에 있어서의 성별차이(Akpinar et al., 2011; Montgomery, 1992; Pinquart & Sorensen, 2006; Stoller, 1992), 남성의 노인돌봄 경험(히라야마 료, 2015; Pretorius et al., 2009; Ribeiro et al., 2007; Sanders & Power, 2009) 및 남성성이 남성돌봄자들의 노인돌봄 경험에 미치는 영향(Baker et al., 2010; Russell, 2007) 등에 관한 다양한 연구가 진행된 바 있으며 국내에서도 노인을 돌보는 남성돌봄자에 대한 심층적 연구가 필요하다고 제안된 바 있으나(이순미·김혜경, 2009; 최희경, 2012a) 남성들의 돌봄 경험을 면밀히 탐색한 연구는 제한적으로 수행되었음. - 이에 본 연구는 남성들의 노인돌봄 경험을 남성의 관점에서 분석하고, 돌봄을 둘러싼 젠더정체성 및 가족관계 변화양상을 포착하여 선제적인 가족정책을 수립하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 함. □ 본 연구의 목적은 남성(남편, 아들 등)에 의한 노인돌봄 현황 및 남성의 돌봄자로의 역할 전환 과정을 살펴보고, 이들의 정책지원 욕구를 파악하여 제도보완 및 남성 가족돌봄자를 위한 정책개발의 시사점을 제공하는 것임. 2. 연구의 주요 내용 □ 본 연구의 주요 연구문제는 다음과 같음. - 첫째, 배우자 또는 (조)부모를 돌보는 남성의 가족돌봄 현황(예: 돌봄기간, 시간, 돌봄 이유, 돌봄자 및 요보호노인의 건강상태, 사회적 지지망 등) 및 돌봄부담(burden)은 어떠한가? - 둘째, 남성이 배우자 또는 (조)부모를 돌보게 되면서 경험하게 된 변화(예: 관계적 측면, 돌봄의 의미 등)는 무엇인가? - 셋째, 배우자 또는 (조)부모를 돌보는 남성의 삶의 질은 어떠한가? - 넷째, 배우자 또는 (조)부모를 돌보는 남성의 가족돌봄 지원 정책(예: 노인장기요양보험제도 등)에 관한 인지도 및 이용 경험, 정책지원 욕구는 어떠한가? 3. 연구방법 □ 문헌 연구 - 본 연구에서는 남성의 노인 돌봄에 관한 국내외 선행연구 및 우리나라와 일본의 가족돌봄자 지원제도에 관한 자료를 검토하였음. □ 2차 통계자료 분석 - 2014년도 노인실태조사 (정경희 외, 2014)를 활용하여 요보호노인의 일상생활을 수행하는데 도움을 주는 사람, 가족원 중 가장 도움을 많이 준 사람 및 주당 돌봄시간 등을 분석하였음. □ 설문조사 및 분석 - 조사대상은 일상생활을 스스로 영위할 수 없는 55세 이상 노인을 조사시점에서 3개월 이상, 주당 15시간 이상 돌보고 있는 가족원 중 남성(남편, 아들 등) (N=247)으로 설정하였고, 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 1:1 면접조사를 수행하였음. 조사표는 1) 가족 및 돌봄대상자 특성, 2) 돌봄현황, 3) 사회적 지지, 4) 응답자의 건강 및 경제활동, 5) 가치관 및 삶에 대한 태도, 6) 정책지원 욕구로 구성하였으며, 수집된 자료를 분석하여 남성의 돌봄 현황 및 돌봄 부담, 역할전환 과정, 돌봄지원 정책 및 서비스 이용 경험과 정책지원 욕구 등을 파악하였음. □ 심층면접 조사 및 분석 - 남성돌봄자의 돌봄 경험을 보다 입체적으로 파악하기 위해 일상생활을 독립적으로 영위할 수 없는 배우자 또는 부모를 조사시점에서 3개월 이상, 1주 평균 15시간 이상 돌보는 남성(17명)을 대상으로 1:1 면접을 수행하였음. 심층면접에서는 돌봄 상황 및 관계적 특성이 돌봄에 미치는 영향, 돌봄 경험의 의미, 돌봄지원 정책 및 서비스 이용 경험과 정책지원 욕구 등에 대해 살펴보았음. □ 전문가 자문회의 - 관련 분야 전문가를 대상으로 전문가 자문회의를 개최하여 연구설계 및 방법, 정책대안에 대한 관련 부처 및 전문가 자문의견을 수렴하였음. 4. 연구의 기대효과 및 한계점 □ 본 연구는 그동안 제한적으로 수행된 연구인 ‘남성’ 가족돌봄자의 노인돌봄 경험을 탐색하고, 학술적·정책적 시사점을 도출하였다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있음. - 그러나, 노인을 돌보는 남성 가족돌봄자 모집단을 추정할 수 있는 자료의 부재로 임의할당추출에 의한 설문조사를 시행하여 결과를 일반화하는데 한계가 있음. - 남성돌봄자만을 대상으로 조사를 시행하여 여성돌봄자와의 돌봄 경험 및 부양부담의 차이를 직접적으로 비교하지 못 The number of male family caregivers in Korea, especially those providing spousal caregiving in old age, has been steadily increasing. However, since women have long predominated in the family caregiving role, few studies have explored the experience of caregiving by males in terms of the breadth and depth of care work and its meaning. The purpose of this study was to explore the caregiving experience of husbands and sons providing care to a spouse or parent(s) aged 55 and older who showed limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) for a period of at least six months. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized for this study. Survey data were collected from a purposive sample of 247 male caregivers who served as the primary care providers for a dependent spouse or parent(s). Descriptive statistics and multivariate models were obtained using SPSS Statistics. In addition, semi-structured in-depth interviews with 17 male caregivers were conducted. For the qualitative analysis, a comprehensive content review of all data, including line-by-line analysis, was conducted. Informed consent was obtained from the participants. Some of the major findings are as follows: First of all, approximately one-fourth of respondents identified personal bonds as being their motivation for taking care of a dependent spouse or parent(s). The average caregiving period was around 47.7 months, and respondents spent approximately 34.1 hours per week on average on caregiving. Secondly, the majority of respondents in our sample reported that they experienced caregiving to be burdensome to some degree, especially in the areas of assistance with bathing (52.9%), voiding (49.5%), household management (44.6%), and meal preparation (50.6%). A significant number of respondents reported that one of the most difficult aspects of caregiving was balancing a personal life with the caregiving role, and most respondents stated that the initial phase of caregiving was the most difficult as they made the transition to the new role as caregiver and restructured their life. In addition, spousal caregivers generally experienced a higher level of caregiving burden compared to son caregivers since they are more likely to be older, unhealthier, and have fewer resources. However, a majority of male caregivers also found caregiving to be a very rewarding experience in that they felt useful (72.9%) by providing care to a dependent family member or they had grown closer to their dependent spouse or parent(s) as a result of the caring (54.7%). Thirdly, about 65% of respondents reported that they had secondary caregivers available to support them regularly in their caregiving. This finding supports previous research in which male caregivers were found to be more likely to have access to additional informal caregivers than were female caregivers. Fourth, although a significant number of respondents in our sample reported that they were aware of long-term care insurance (LTCI) benefits, the number of respondents who were receiving LTCI benefits was relatively smaller. Likewise, while approximately 80% of respondents reported being satisfied with the overall services available, the in-depth interview participants suggested that service adequacy, especially in-home care service, was insufficient for assisting family caregivers with balancing work life with the caregiving role. They also suggested that overall service quality should be improved to enhance quality of life among both older adults and family caregivers. However, in the regression analysis, use of LTCI benefits was not a predictor of male caregivers’ burdens.

Adult invasive pneumococcal disease in the Republic of Korea: Risk medical conditions and mortality stratified by age group

Kim, Jong Hun,Baik, Seung Hee,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Hyo Youl,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Choi, Won Suk,Jo, Yu Mi,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kim, Yeon-Sook,Kim, Jeong Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES Vol.74 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>This study aimed to characterize the risk factors for mortality in adult patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) stratified by age groups, after implementation of the national immunization program of 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for those aged ≥65 years in the Republic of Korea (ROK).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Clinical data and pneumococcal isolates from adult patients with IPD (≥18 years of age) were collected prospectively from 20 hospitals through the nationwide surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>A total of 319 patients with IPD were enrolled. Median age was 69 years. Overall in-hospital mortality was 34.2%: 17.1% in those aged 18–49 years, 23.7% in those aged 50–64 years, 33.0% in those aged 65–74 years, and 51.0% in those aged ≥75 years (<I>p<</I> 0.001). In particular, early death within 7days of hospitalization accounted for 60.6% (66/109). While old age (≥65 years), higher Pitt bacteremia score (≥4), and bacteremic pneumonia were independently associated with IPD mortality in all age groups, an additional mortality risk factor of immunocompromised status was identified for patients aged 50–64 years. PPSV23 serotypes accounted for 64.4% (122/189) of the pneumococcal isolates serotyped.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study suggests that vaccine-type IPD continues to place a substantial burden on older adults in the ROK, necessitating an effective vaccination strategy for those at higher risk.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization of the elderly with the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) was implemented in Korea in 2013. </LI> <LI> Overall in-hospital mortality was 34.2% for adult invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and 51.0% for patients ≥75 years of age. </LI> <LI> Mortality risks were older age, higher bacteremia score, and immunocompromised status. </LI> <LI> An effective vaccination strategy for those at higher risk of IPD is needed. </LI> </UL> </P>

HPLC를 이용한 지역 농산물의 비타민 B₆ 함량 분석

최소라 ( So-ra Choi ),송은주 ( Eun-ju Song ),송영은 ( Young-eun Song ),최민경 ( Min-kyung Choi ),한현아 ( Hyun-ah Han ),이인석 ( In-sok Lee ),신소희 ( So-hee Shin ),이기권 ( Ki-kwon Lee ),최용민 ( Young-min Choi ),김행란 ( Haeng-r 한국식품영양학회 2017 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.30 No.4

Contents of water soluble vitamin B6 in a total of 62 agricultural products cultivated in local areas in Korea were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC/FLD). To verify the method of vitamin B6 analysis, a quality control chart was formulated with in-house control using a mixture of broccoli and shiitake mushrooms. Among cereals, high content of vitamin B6 measured 234.3~260.3 μg/100 g in dried mung bean and soybean. Vitamin B6 content of non-glutinous and glutinous black rice measured 105.0 μg/100 g and 129.7 μg/100 g, respectively. In vegetables, high content of vitamin B6 were measured in passion fruit (104.3 μg/100 g), gat (55.7~84.3 μg/100 g), gomchwi (31.3~88.0 μg/100 g) and garlic (72.7~98.3 μg/100 g). Among fruits, gold kiwi 'Zespri' and green kiwi 'Hayward' revealed high vitamin B6 content of 116.3 μg/100 g and 78.7 μg/100 g, respectively. In persimmons, daebongsi had high vitamin B6 content (36.0~72.7 μg/100 g) than bansi and sweet persimmon. Vitamin B₆ content in dried jujube and persimmon increased more than 86.7 μg/100 g compared to fresh materials. Among specialty crops, green tea powder (64.7~251.0 μg/100 g) and sansuyu (172.3 μg/100 g) revealed high content. Of mushrooms, vitamin B6 content of Sparassis crispa (139.3 μg/100 g) was the highest. Vitamin B6 content information of agricultural products in local areas in Korea collected from this experiment will be used as valuable preliminary data for grasp national nutritional status.

혈액에서 연속 분리된 Staphylococcus epidermidis의 항균제 내성 및 Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis 양상

최인옥,정숙인,신동현,박영규,신종희 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.5

목적 : 혈액배양에서 Staphylococcus epidermidis가 분리될 경우 임상적 의의를 판정하기가 쉽지 않으나, 일반적으로 연속해서 분리된 균주가 동일한 유전형을 보이면 균혈증의 원인균일 가능성이 높다고 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 동일한 환자(12명)의 혈액에서 연속 분리된 S. epidermidis 각 2주씩을 대상으로 PFGE를 이용하여 유전형을 분석하여 동일 균주가 분리되는지 유무를 조사하고, 이를 항균제 내성양상 및 균주간의 분리일 간격과 비교하여 보았다. 결과 : 동일인에서 분리된 두 균주간의 PFGE 양상을 비교한 결과, 8명(66.6%)에서 분리된 균주는 동일한 PFGE 양상을 보였으나 4명(33.3%)에서는 서로 다른 양상을 보였다. PFGE 양상이 동일한 8명 중 7명에서는 항균제 내성양상도 동일하였으며, PFGE 양상이 서로 다른 4명에서는 항균제 내성양상도 서로 달랐다. 따라서 동일인에서 연속 분리된 균주에 대한 PFGE와 항균제 내성검사의 일치율은 91.7% (11/12)였다. PFGE 양상은 동일 환자에서 균이 분리된 시간 간격이 4일 이내 일 때 88.9%(8/9)에서 동일하였고, 분리일의 간격이 5일 이상일 때는 모두(3명)에서 서로 다른 PFGE 양상을 보였다. 결론 : 혈액에서 연속 분리된 S. epidermidis 균주의 PFGE 양상은 상당 수 환자에서 서로 달라, 동일 균종일지라도 오염의 가능성도 상당히 높음을 알 수 있었다. 연속 분리된 S. epidermidis 균주의 항균제 내성양상과 분리된 날짜 간격은 유전자형별 검사가 어려울 경우, 동일균주가 연속 분리되었는지 유무를 아는데 도움을 주리라 생각된다. Background : The significance of Staphylococcus epidermidis positive blood cultures is difficult to determine, but repeated isolation of the same organism with the same genotype is suggestive of true bacteremia. Materials and Methods : Two sequential isolates of S. epidermidis from blood cultures of the same twelve patients were genotyped by PFGE. The results were compared with those of antibiotyping and isolation time intervals between the two strains. Results : The two sequential strains from each patient had identical PFGE patterns in 66.6% (8 of 12) of the patients and two different types in 33.3% (4 of 12) of the patients. Antibiotypes of the two isolates from the same patient were different in all 4 patients whose isolates had different PFGE patterns, and they were the same in 7 of 8 patients whose isolates had identical PFGE patterns:the PFGE results were in agreement with the antibiotyping for 91.7% (11/12) of patients. The isolation time interval between the two strains was ≤4 days in 9 cases, 8 of which had identical PFGE patterns. In the 3 cases whose isolates had different PFGE patterns, the isolation time interval between the two strains was ≥5 days. Conclusion : These data showed that two consecutive isolates of S. epidermidis from blood cultures had different PFGE patterns in 33% of patients, suggesting a high prevalence of contamination. In the absence of genotyping measures, both antibiotype and isolation time interval can be alternative and useful tools for determining strain relatedness of sequential isolates of S. epidermidis from blood cultures.

In-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the methanol extract of the roots of Morinda officinalis

Kim, In-Tae,Park, Hee-Juhn,Nam, Jung-Hwan,Park, Young-Mi,Won, Jong-Heon,Choi, Jong-Won,Choe, Bong-Keun,Lee, Kyung-Tae EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

The anti-inflammatory effects of the methanol extract of the roots of Morinda officinalis (MEMO) (Rubiaceae) were evaluated in-vitro and in-vivo. The effects of MEMO on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced responses in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 were examined. MEMO potently inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Consistent with these results, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the protein level, and of iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α at the mRNA level, was also inhibited by MEMO in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, MEMO inhibited the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation induced by LPS, and this was associated with the prevention of degradation of the inhibitor κB (IκB), and subsequently with attenuated p65 protein in the nucleus. The anti-inflammatory effect of MEMO was examined in rats using the carrageenan-induced oedema model. The antinociceptive effects of MEMO were assessed in mice using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction test and the hot-plate test. MEMO (100, 200㎎㎏^(-1) per day, p.o.) exhibited anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in these animal models. Taken together, the data demonstrate that MEMO has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity, inhibiting iNOS, COX-2 and TNF-α expression by down-regulating NF-κB binding activity.

임상실습시 간호학생의 간호행위 수행정도에 관한 연구

최인희 광주보건대학 1997 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

This study has been completed for the performance degree of Nursing activities in Nursing students. This was carried out with a sample group of 242 Nursing students, 174 students where in 2nd year and 68 students in 3rd year, and practicing at 4 general hospitals in K city. The data collected from March 3 to April 26 and analysed using a T-test, Percentage. The results were as follows : 1. The degree of Nursing activities in 3rd year Nursing students showed higher practical activities in order of vital sign check (15.57%), intravenous,intramuscular & subcutaneous injection (11.42%), bed sheet and cloth exchange (8.39%), patient observation on nursing rounds (8.09%), chart recording (7.43%), running errands (6.06%), oral medication (5.45%), observing a patients chart (5.43%), checking blood sugar (5.15%), preparing intravenous fluid (5.13%). 2. The degree of Nursing activities in 2nd grade Nursing students showed higher practical activities in order of vital sign check (15.47%), intavenous, intramuscular & subcutaneous injection (11.49%), bed sheet and cloth exchange (8.32%), patient observation on nursing rounds (8.31%), running errands (6.06%), oral medication (5.45%), chart recording (7.43%), checking blood sugar (5.15%), observing a patients chart (5.43%), preparing intravenous fluid (5.13%). 3. Significant Nursing activities between 2nd and 3rd year were Nelaton catheterization, cold compress to maintain body temperature, arrangement of ward room (P<.05).

분만시 가족참여 필요성에 관한 연구

최인희 광주보건대학 1994 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

This study was done to find out the need of family participation during labor process. The study was carried out with a sample of 128 postpartum women for whom there were no complications either for the mother or the newborn and a sample of 119 women's family in 3 general hospitals in K city by questionaires. The data were gathered from 4th, Dec., 1993 to 5th, Feb., 1994 and analysed using F-test, percentage. The results were as follows: 1) The degree of nursing need and need satisfaction of nursing care during first labor (1) The degree of nursing need was the highest in the area of emotional support(3.11), followed by, in informational support(3.09) and physical support(2.89) in that order. (2) The degree of need satisfaction of nursing care was the highest in the area of informational support(2.25) followed by, in emotional support(2.19), and physical support(2.03) in that order. (3) In the comparison of the degree of nursing need and need satisfaction of nursing care, the significant difference was shown in all area(emotional support : p<.05, physical support : p<.01, informational support : p<.01). (4) The priority of family members from whom a pregnant woman wanted to support as appeared in the eoder of her husband(42.2%), mother (25.4%), doctor(21.1%) in that order. 2) 91.6% family members wanted to their participation in delivery room during first labor and their able support for a woman in labor by way of the area of emotional support(84.68%), physical support(76.68%), informational support(30.25%).

1~2기 본태성 고혈압 환자들에서 Imidapril 대 Enalapril의 항고혈압 효과를 평가하기 위한 무작위, 이중맹검 임상시험

최영진,손대원,김용진,이홍자,채인호,김효수,김철호,오병희,이명묵,박영배,채윤식,이영우 대한순환기학회 1999 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.29 No.11

離乳에 관한 실태조사

최인희 광주보건대학 1989 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

A survey on the present status of weaning was carried out during the period from 10. March to 17. May of 1989 with Questionaires. The population subjected to survey was 270 numbers at the 1 general hospital and 1 health center in Kwangju city (urban group : 149numbers) and 2 maternal child health centers in Chonnam area (rural group : 121 numbers). The results of this survey were as follows : 1. The most adjustable time for weaning was obtained from 4th Ms to 7th Ms by 115 ones (77.1%) of an urban group and 115 ones (95.1 %) of a rural group. 2. Actual participants began weaning from 4 Ms to 7 Ms were shown 85 ones (57.0%) from an urban group and 106 ones(87.5%) from a rural group. So, a practicing ratio in the rural group was much higher than in the urban group. 3. Sources of weaning informations were mainly depended on professional megazines and mass media in the urban group (51.7%) and their parents and neighbors in the rural group (47.1 %). 4. Nutritional support for a baby was the most important motivation for weaning from 72.5 % in the urban group and 52.9 % in the rural group. 5 . Weaning foods used in the present were orderly commercial baby foods, fruit juice, rice and thin rice gruel in the urban group and Yakult. commercial baby foods, f r u i t juice and rice in the rural group.

댄스스포츠 쿠카라차 스텝 시 팔동작 유·무에 따른 지면반력 연구

최인애,인희교 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

The purpose of this study is to analysis ground reaction force with arm motion and with no arm motion at dance sport cucarachas step and to inquire effectiveness about the balancing of body in examination, then to provide quantitative informations to coaches and players. Seven female Subjects who had experienced winning a prize career form national and domestic amateur contest It is consisted of one force plate(U.S.A. AMTI 3778). Ground reaction force is established right and left direction at X axis(force at Fx), anterior and posterior direction at Y axis(force at Fy) and superior and inferior direction at Z. axis(force at Fz). It is calculated means and standard deviations for forces in motion and no-motion by using SPSS statistical analysis software(9.0 versions). T-test(significance level: p <0.05) is performed in order to get an effective method in arm motion and in no arm motion at dance sport cucarachas step. The results of this study are as follows: Breaking force show significant arm in motion and no-motion .017(p<.05) ground reaction force Fx, but driving force did not show significant. It is shown the difference to variation of posterior ground reaction force with arm motion and with no arm motion.001(p <.001), whereas it is not shown the difference statistically about anterior ground reaction force with arm motion and with no arm motion On the other hand, it is not shown the difference statistically about vertical ground reaction force Fz in this study. It is considered that the significant difference between a breaking force and a posterior ground reaction force is due to move a center of gravity by arm in motion using B. foot inside edge and a ball of foot reaction force.