Experiences and Perceptions of Gender Discrimination and Equality among Korean Surgeons: Results of a Survey of the Korean Surgical Society

Choi Jihyeon,이정은,Choi Bora,Kim Jungook,Lee Seung Eun 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.48

Background: Previous studies that have focused on the challenges faced by female surgeons, such as the gender pay gap, gender biases, lower likelihood of promotion, and gender differences in the perception of discrimination against women, are reviewed. A more comprehensive understanding of explicit and implicit gender discrimination and experiences and perceptions of discrimination is needed. This study aims to determine the current prevalence and degree of gender discrimination in the Korean Surgical Society and to compare the experiences and perceptions of gender discrimination between male and female surgeons. Methods: We analyzed 400 responses from a survey sent to all members of the Korean Surgical Society. This electronic survey included 16 items on experiences of gender discrimination and 17 items on perceptions of gender discrimination. We conducted χ2 tests and binary logistic regression on the data regarding these experiences and perceptions of gender discrimination. Results: Adjusted analyses found that female surgeons were more likely to experience gender discrimination than their male counterparts across all categories of discrimination. Further, adjusted analyses showed that female surgeons were more likely to confirm the presence of gender discrimination than male surgeons. Conclusion: Female surgeons were more likely to experience implicit and explicit gender biases and discrimination throughout all stages of their career progression. We also discovered significant gender differences in the perception of gender discrimination, as well as the experience of it. Changing the male-dominated culture and raising awareness of gender biases and discrimination among male surgeons are crucial steps toward addressing gender discrimination in surgery.

Micropatterning Polydiacetylene Supramolecular Vesicles on Glass Substrates using a Pre‐Patterned Hydrophobic Thin Film

Choi, Ji‐,Min,Yoon, Bora,Choi, Kyungyong,Seol, Myeong‐,Lok,Kim, Jong‐,Man,Choi, Yang‐,Kyu Wiley - VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 2012 Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics Vol.213 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A micropatterning method for depositing polydiacetylene (PDA) supramolecular vesicles on glass substrates, employing a pre‐patterned hydrophobic thin film, is presented. The pre‐patterned hydrophobic thin film is used to define surface‐exposed regions on hydrophilic glass substrates where selective immobilization of PDA vesicles takes place. The observation that fluorescent patterns are generated by heat treatment of the deposited PDAs demonstrates that the vesicles are successfully immobilized in the form of micropatterns. Finally, the possibility that this strategy may be used to design a vesicle‐based sensor chip system is demonstrated by the observation that fluorescence patterns are generated when the immobilized PDA vesicles interact with cyclodextrin.</P>

Streptoglycerides A-D with a Rare 6/5/5 Tricyclic Ring Skeleton from a Marine Actinomycete <i>Streptomyces</i> species

Choi, Byeoung-Kyu,Park, Shin-Young,Choi, Dong-Kug,Shin, Bora,Shin, Yern-Hyerk,Oh, Dong-Chan,Lee, Hwa-Sun,Lee, Hyi-Seung,Lee, Yeon-Ju,Lee, Jong Seok,Lee, Ji Hoon,Shin, Hee Jae American Chemical Society 2018 ORGANIC LETTERS Vol.20 No.19

<P>Four novel secondary metabolites possessing a unique 6/5/5 tricyclic ring system, streptoglycerides A-D (<B>1</B>-<B>4</B>), were isolated from a marine actinomycete <I>Streptomyces</I> sp. derived from a mangrove sample collected on Kosrae Island. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by spectroscopic data and electronic circular dichroism data. Streptoglyceride C (<B>3</B>) showed a weak inhibitory effect on the production of nitric oxide in BV-2 microglia cells.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

다세대 주택에서의 물리적, 정서적 환경개선의 가능성에 관한 연구 -청주 사창동 다세대 주택의 쉐어하우스 레노베이션 방안을 중심으로-

최보라 ( Bora Choi ),박규빈 ( Kyu Vin Park ),심규영 ( Kyu Young Sim ) 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2015 建設技術論文集 Vol.34 No.2

본 연구는 쉐어하우스라는 프로그램적 전략의 도입을 통해 주택 하위 시장을 활성화시키고 나아가 다세대 주택이 밀집한 도시환경과 거주자 중심의 물리적, 정서적 환경개선의 가능성을 파악하고자 한 것이다. 이를 위해 디자인 워크숍이 진행 되었으며 2개의 조를 구성하여 청주시 사창동 186-5번지 다세대 주택을 대상으로 한 계획안을 도출하였다. A조는 프로그램적 (Software) 접근으로써 공용공간을 이용한 사람사이의 소통의 디자인일, B조는 건축적(Hardware) 접근으로써 재료와 분위기 연출을 통한 디자인을 추구하였으며 두 계획안 모두 예상 사용자 시도된 촉지적 측면의 접근 모두, 다세대 주택에서 물리적, 정서적 환경개선의 대안으로써 가능성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to vitalize housing sub-markets and high-density residential area with Multi-family housing, to examine the possibility of physical and emotional betterment for the residents. For that, Design workshop was carried out. It aimed to suggest actual multi-family housing remodeling ideas to Sharehouse based on 2 different approach. Team A dealt with this matter using contents approach which is communication design between people. Team B went further and suggested more architectural way like material and atmosphere design. And it was used as a base data for the survey of the probable user``s housing condition targeting university students who are living in multi-family housing. The major results were as followings: 1) The residents expressed their strong preference of house`s external condition and the satisfaction of price and distance. 2) The overall housing betterment in both physical and emotional way was favorable. Most of the respondents answered positive response about the renovtion plans even the site was quite far from their campus. 3) Permissible range of Sharing space should be studied in practical and quantitative way.

Contents of Polyphenols and Limonoids in Citron (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) Seed Extracts and Their Antioxidant Properties

Inwook Choi,Soyeon Choi,Bora Nam,Yoonsook Kim,Heedon Choi 한국식품과학회 2008 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.17 No.2

Contents of phytochemicals in citron (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) seeds and their effects on antioxidant activities were investigated. Methanol extract of defatted citron seeds contained the highest amounts of total polyphenols followed by 70% ethanol and water extracts. Neohesperidin was the most predominant citrus flavanones in these extracts. The highest amounts of limonoids were found in methanol extract, and this extract was the most efficient in scavenging both DPPH and ABTS radicals. All 3 extracts also exhibited good antioxidant activities against attack of linoleate free radicals on β-carotene. When methanol extract was sequentially fractionated into ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water fractions, butanol fraction contained the highest amounts of polyphenols otherwise most of limonoids were concentrated in ethyl acetate fraction. A positive relationship between radical scavenging activities and total polyphenol contents in fractions was observed while antioxidant activity on β-carotene seemed more related with contents of limonoids and other hydrophobic polyphenols.

대학생의 전공만족도, 진로결정효능감, 대학생활적응과 취업준비행동 간의 구조적 관계

최보라(Bora Choi),모화숙(Hwasook Mo) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2018 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.18 No.22

본 연구에서는 전공만족도, 진로결정효능감, 대학생활적응과 취업준비행동 간의 구조적 관계를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 2018년 9월 10일부터 2018년 9월 15일까지 C지역 소재 2개의 대학교에 재학중인 232명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였으며, 연구결 과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전공만족도가 진로결정효능감과 대학생활적응에 미치는 영향은 유의한 반면 취업준비행동에 미치는 영향은 유의하지 않았다. 둘째, 취업준비행동에 대한 진로결정효능감의 영향력은 유의한 반면 대학생활적응의 영향력은 유의하지 않았다. 셋째, 대학생활적응이 진로결정효능감에 미치는 영향력은 유의하였다. 넷째, 전공만족도와 취업준비행동의 관계를 대학생활적응과 진로결정효능감이 유의하게 매개하였다. 이러한 결과는 대학생의 취업준비행동을 향상시키기 위해서는 전공 만족도, 진로결정효능감 및 대학생활적응을 함께 고려해야하며, 특히 대학차원에서 진로결정효능감과 대학생활적응을 높일 수 있는 방안이 마련되어야 한다는 점을 시사한다. The study aimed to examine the structural relationship among major satisfaction, career decision efficacy, adjustment to college and employment preparation behavior of the undergraduates students. For the purpose of the study, 232 undergraduate student of 2 university in C area were selected and surveyed. The conclusions of this study are as follows. The model fit index were satisfied with the model fit criteria. Looking at the relationship of each variable of structural relationship model, major satisfaction flow effect on career decision efficacy and adjustment to college but has no significant effect on employment preparation behavior. Also adjustment to college flow effect on career decision efficacy but has no significant effect on employment preparation, and career decision efficacy flow effect on employment preparation behavior. And career decision efficacy have mediation role in the relationship between major satisfaction and employment preparation behavior, adjustment to college have mediation role in the relationship between major satisfaction and career decision efficacy. Finally, it was confirmed that major satisfaction has affect on adjustment to college, career decision efficacy and employment preparation behavior progressively. These Results suggest that adjustment to college and career decision efficacy play an important role between major satisfaction and employment preparation behavior. Based on the above study findings, theoretical and practical implications were suggested in order to facilitate undergraduates students‘ career path and employment preparation.

학교의 도전과 지원, 성격, 학습전략 및 학습몰입 간의 관계

최보라(Bora Choi) 한국영재교육학회 2015 영재와 영재교육 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구는 학교의 도전과 지원, 성격, 학습전략 그리고 학습몰입 간의 구조적 관계를 탐색하고자 하였다. 선행연구 및 이론에 근거하여 학교의 도전과 지원은 외생변인으로, 성격, 학습전략과 학습몰입은 내생변인으로 설정하였다. 이 때, 성격은 학습몰 입에 긍정적 영향을 미친다고 밝혀진 외향성, 성실성, 개방성 그리고 부정적 영향을 미친다고 밝혀진 신경증을 각각의 모형으로 설정하여 분석하였다. 분석대상은 서울, 대구에 소재한 중‧고등학교 학생 817명이 참여하였으며, 자료는 SPSS 18.0과 AMOS 18.0에 의해 분석되었다. 분석 결과, 학교의 도전과 지원 그리고 학습몰입 간의 관계에서 성격, 학습전략 그리고 학습몰입에 모두 유의한 직접효과를 나타냈으며, 학습전략과 학습몰입에는 유의한 간접효과 또한 나타났다. 성격과 학습몰입 간의 관계에서는 외향성, 성실성 그리고 개방성은 학습몰입에 유의한 직‧간접효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 신경증은 학습몰입에 직접효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 대학 입시 그리고 취업과 같은 일정한 기준에 도달하기 위한 학습습관에 길들여지기 쉬운 우리나라 영재학생에게 보다 순수한 학습몰입을 이끌어 낼 수 있는 관련 제반조건 연구라는 점에서 그 의의가 있다. This study aims to transform abstract theory into testable theory through deep and systematic analysis. For analysis, we established the model, explaining the relationship between school Challenge-support, personality(Big 5), and learning Strategies which influence adolescence learners’ learning flow, in the base of theoretical and empirical framework and conduct SEM to identify the causal relationship of suggested variables more clearly. We analyzed using SEM to identify the dynamic and direct and indirect relation of initial model which is established the relationship of all variables. The results, it was confirmed that school Challenge-support is major variable which affect to personality. And extraversion, conscientiousness, openness are also major variable to make learners’ learning flow affecting learning Strategies. Also neuroticism negative affected on learning flow. Finally, it was confirmed that school Challenge-support has direct and indirect affect on learning Strategies and learning flow progressively. This study has theoretical implication for providing the theoretical basis about the generation process of learning flow on the basis of structural relationship model between psychological environment factor, personal characteristic factor and cognitive factor.

하이플렉스(HyFlex) 기반 대학 간 공유협력 수업 개발 연구

최보라(Bora Choi),김현우(Hyunwoo Kim),윤혜진(Hyea Jin Yoon) 사단법인 대학교육개발센터협의회 2024 대학 교수-학습 연구 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구는 2023학년도 1학기 전주 J대학, 서울 K대학, 청주 S대학이 변화하는 교육환경을 위한 대안이자 대학생의 학습전략 향상을 위하여, 하이플렉스 기반 대학 간 교양교과를 공동으로 개발·운영하였고 혼합연구방법을 사용하여 수업의 효과를 검증하였다. 이 수업에 참여한 학생들을 대상으로 동기, 인지, 행동 영역으로 나누어 자기조절학습검사 사전-사후 검증을 실시하고 성찰일지에 대한 질적연구를 통해 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자기조절학습의 동기 영역에서 유의미한 변화는 없었으나 타 대학 수강생들의 수업 태도를 보면서 학습 동기에 어느 정도 긍정적인 영향을 준 것으로 파악된다. 둘째, 인지 영역에서는 유의미한 향상이 나타났는데, 정보의 정교화 및 조직화, 다양한 관점 및 사고의 확장 효과가 있었으며, 대학별로 팀 활동 수행을 통해 상호작용이 촉진되었다. 셋째, 행동 영역에서도 유의미한 향상이 나타났으며, 수업에서 배운 내용을 적용하거나 향후 대학 생활에서 활용하겠다는 의지가 나타났다. 또한, 실제적 과제의 수행 과정에서 학생들은 자신의 학습을 돌아보고 자신에게 맞는 학습방법을 탐색하여 실천하게 된 것으로 나타났다. 대학 간 공유협력 수업은 인터넷 연결, 음향 및 화면 전송 등 H/W 및 S/W 개선의 필요성이 제기되기도 했지만, 원거리에서 함께 같은 수업을 가능하게 함으로 학습자의 흥미를 이끌었을 뿐 아니라 공통 과제 수행과 결과를 공유하는 학습경험으로 전반적으로 긍정적인 학습효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구가 향후 급격한 변화에 대응하는 혁신적인 미래 대학 교육으로써 대학 연계 공유협력 교과의 설계와 운영에 대한 방향을 제시할 수 있기를 기대한다. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of HyFlex-based learning as a university-affiliated collaborative shared course, conducted by three universities, J University in Jeonju, K University in Seoul, and S University in Cheongju, Korea. They jointly developed and operated a liberal arts elective course to improve college students’ learning strategies. To analyze the effectiveness of Hyflex classes and university-linked learning strategy classes, a mixed research method was used. First, a quantitative study was conducted through pre- and post-tests of the self-regulated learning test for students who participated in this class, and the reflection log was analyzed as follows through a qualitative study. First, there was no significant change in the motivation domain, but it is interpreted that looking at the attitudes of students from other universities had some positive impact on learning motivation. On the other hand, notable improvements were seen in the cognitive area, with elaboration and organization of information, expansion of various perspectives and thinking, and interaction promoted by performing team activities in each university. In the behavioral area, meaningful change was revealed with many comments on willingness to practice and apply what students learned in learning activities or their future college careers. In addition, it was found that carrying out authentic tasks, students reflected on how they learned and explored and practiced learning methods that suited them. For a collaborative shared course between universities, the need for an upgrading H/W and S/W such as better internet connection, clear audio, and ease in transmitting screens was raised. Nevertheless, this course derived not only learners’ interest by making it possible to take the same class simultaneously from a distance, but also overall positive learning effectiveness through the learning experience of performing common tasks and sharing outcomes with other students. It is hoped that this study will be able to provide direction for the design and implementation of university-affiliated collaborative shared courses as an innovative future higher education that responds to raid conversion in the forthcoming time.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A(PEA)가 사람혀 편평암종세포에서 나타나는 세포자멸사 작용

최별보라 ( Byul Bora Choi ),김규천 ( Gyoo Cheon Kim ) 한국치위생학회(구 한국치위생교육학회) 2014 한국치위생학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to examine the apoptotic effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A(PEA) in squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) 25 cells. Methods : Cell growth reduction and apoptosis induced by PEA were confirmed by WST-1 assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry analysis, and Western blot assay. Results : The PEA treatment decreased the cell viability in a dose and time dependent manner: control; 100±0e(p<0.01), 0.1875 nM; 87±4.36d(p<0.01), 0.375 nM; 82±0.58d(p<0.01), 0.75 nM; 72±1.67c(p<0.01), 1.5 nM; 51±1.53bc(p<0.01), 7.5 nM; 31±1.20ab(p<0.01), 15 nM; 26±0.67a(p<0.01), control; 100±0a(p<0.05), 24 h; 51±1.53b(p<0.05), 48 h; 16±0.5c(p<0.05), 72 h; 12±1.67d%(p<0.05). The PEA was observed on SCC 25 cells with the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50) value of 1.5 nM at 24 hours. The PEA treated SCC 25 cells demonstrated several types of apoptotic indications, such as nuclear condensation, the increase of sub G1, and the cleavage of PARP-1 and DFF 45. Conclusions : PEA showed anti-cancer activity against SCC 25 cells via apoptosis. PEA may potentially contribute to human oral cancer treatment.

승마추출물이 MDPC-23세포의 분화에 미치는 영향

최별보라 ( Byul-bora Choi ),김지영 ( Ji-young Kim ),박상례 ( Sang-rye Park ) 한국치위생학회 2017 한국치위생학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the cell proliferation and expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) during the differentiation of murine odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) by Cimicifuga rhizoma extract. Cimicifuga rhizoma extract was prepared using 70% ethanol. Then, the cells were treated with 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μg of Cimicifuga rhizoma extract. Methods: We determined the Cimicifuga rhizoma effects of MDPC-23 using WST-1 (water soluble tetrazolium salt-1) assay, ALP activity assay and histochemical staining. Results: 25-200 μg of Cimicifuga rhizoma extract did not inhibit the growth of MDPC-23 cells; 100±0, 100±3.29, 99±4.86, 98±3.80, 98±1.73, 99±5.05% (p<0.794). 50 μg of Cimicifuga rhizoma extract stimulated ALP activity on MDPC-23; 5.1±0.20 units/μℓ (p<0.001). Conclusions: It was proven that Cimicifuga rhizoma promoted differentiation of MDPC- 23 cells.