Testicular Morphology of Hanwoo bull at 7 to 17 Months of Age

Sung-Sik Kang,Sang-Rae Cho1,Ui-Hyung Kim,Kim Hyeong-Cheol,Chung Ki-Yong,Jang Sun-Sik,Si-Dong Kim 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2016 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.10

연구보문 : 식물환경 ; 폐가축사체의 농업적 재활용을 위한 가축사체 액상부산물의 액비화 조건 구명

서영진 ( Young Jin Seo ),서동철 ( Dong Cheol Seo ),강세원 ( Se Won Kang ),이상규 ( Sang Gyu Lee ),박주왕 ( Ju Wang Park ),최익원 ( Ik Won Choi ),성환후 ( Hwan Hoo Sung ),강석진 ( Seog Jin Kang ),조주식 ( Ju Sik Cho1 ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회지 Vol.32 No.4

가축사체 액상부산물을 이용하여 액비의 최적조건(미생물, pH, 미생물 주입량)을 조사하였고, 이들 최적 조건하에서 112일간 부숙하여 액비의 품질을 평가하였다. 가축사체 액상 부산물 액비 부숙시 최적 LP 미생물의 주입량은 0.5 mL/100mL이었으며, pH는 7 조건에서 각각 50점으로 완숙판정을 받았다. 최적조건하에서 112일 동안 부숙시킨 액비의 부숙도 는 부숙 후 28일에 50점을 받아 완숙판정을 받았으며, 부숙기 간이 길어짐에 따라 부숙 56일에는 온도가 60℃를 넘어 최고 점인 55점을 받았고, 이후 온도가 조금씩 낮아져 부숙 후 112 일에는 실온조건에 이르렀다. 완숙된 가축사체 액상부산물 액 비의 품질을 평가해본 결과, 최적조건하에서 부숙시킨 액비의 경우에는 T-N, P2O5 및 K2O의 함량이 28일에 가장 높았으며, 시간이 경과함에 따라 약간 감소하는 경향이었다. 또한, 유해성분(As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb 및 Zn)의 함량은 28일, 56일 및 112일 부숙시킨 액비에서 모두 비료공정규격 기 준치에 적합하였다. 이상의 결과를 미루어 볼 때 가축사체 액상부산물을 농업적 재활용을 위한 액비화 조건은 pH 7조건 에서 LP 미생물을 0.5 mL/100 mL 주입한 경우이다. 하지 만 본 연구에서 비교된 가축분뇨 발효액은 공시재료(가축사체)가 상이하여 향후 가축사체를 이용한 액비의 부숙도 기준이 개선되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. BACKGROUND: Globally, concern about emerging infectious diseases of livestock is growing. For the disposal of the animal carcass, it is necessary to recycle the carcass into an agriculturally usable product. The objective of this study was to investigate the composting conditions of liquid by-product obtained from degradation of animal carcass. METHODS AND RESULTS: Optimum conditions of liquid fertilizer were investigated using different microorganisms, pHs, and volumes of microorganisms (Lactobacillus rhamnosus + Pichia deserticola). Based on the results from the optimum conditions, compost maturity and quality of liquid fertilizer were evaluated for 112 days. The compost maturity of liquid fertilizer were higher in the order of LP(Lactobacillus rhamnosus + Pichia deserticola) > BC(Bacillus cereus) > BS (Bacillus subtilis). The optimum condition under different volumes of LP was injection of 0.5 mL/100 mL. The compost maturity under different pHs were higher in the order of pH 7 > 5 ≥ 9 ÷ 11. The liquid by-product at 56 days after composting was completely decomposed. The concentrations of T-N, T-P and K2O in liquid fertilizer at 56 days were 0.94, 0.17 and 3.78%, respectively, and the sum of those concentrations was 4.89%. CONCLUSION(S): Liquid fertilizer of by-product using pig carcass was decomposed with optimum conditions(LP, pH 7, injection of 0.5 mL/100 mL) in 56 days after composting, and was suitable for official standard of commercial fertilizer.

소아에서 간질발작의 임상양상과 뇌파검사의 관계

이승현(Seung Hyeon Lee),손동우(Dong Woo Son),은병욱(Byung Wook Eun),심소연(So Yeon Sim),최덕영(Deok Young Choi),선용한(Yong Han Sun),조강호(Kang Ho Cho0, 류 일(Eell Ryoo),전인상(In Sang Jeon0, 차 한(Hann Tchah) 대한소아신경학회 2009 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.17 No.2

목적:발작의 분류는 발작의 원인, 예후를 추정하거나 항경련제를 선택하는 데 있어 매우 중요하며 뇌파검사는 발작의 종류를 구분하고 적절한 치료를 하기 위해 시행하는 중요한 검사이다. 저자들은 소아에서 임상적 발작이 확실한 경우 간질발작의 임상양상과 뇌파검사 간의 일치 정도를 알아보고자 한다. 방법:2000년 1월 1일부터 2008년 9월 30일까지 1회 이상의 간질발작을 주소로 가천의대 길병원 소아청소년과에 방문한 환자 중 본원에서 처음으로 뇌파검사를 시행한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 발작의 임상양상은 목격자와 본인의 설명을 기록한 의무기록지를 기준으로 하여 부분발작과 전신발작으로 분류하였고 뇌파검사는 발작간간질양방전을 기준으로 정상과 비정상으로 분류하였으며 각성과 수면상태 모두에서 시행하였다. 결과:총 461명의 환자의 뇌파검사 시의 평균 연령은 6.7세였고 남자는 247명, 여자는 214명이었다. 전체 환자에서 발작의 임상양상은 부분발작이 310명, 전신발작이 187명이었다. 각성뇌파검사에서 비정상은 158명으로 부분발작파가 118명, 전신발작파가 59명, 두 가지 발작파가 한 환자에서 나온 경우가 19명이었고, 수면뇌파검사에서는 비정상이 239명으로 부분발작파가 196명, 전신발작파가 77명, 두 가지 발작파가 한 환자에서 나온 경우가 34명이었으며 전체 환자에서는 비정상이 273명으로 부분발작파가 216명, 전신발작파가 97명, 두 가지 발작파가 한 환자에서 나온 경우가 40명이었다. 간질증후군은 전체 환자 중 90명에서 관찰되었다. 146명(41.5%)의 부분발작과 44명(23.4%)의 전신발작 및 79명(87.8 %)의 간질증후군이 뇌파소견과 일치하였다. 결론:영유아 및 소아에 있어 발작을 진단할 때에는 발작양상 분 아니라 정확한 뇌파소견을 세심하게 고려하여야 한다. Purpose:Electroencephalography(EEG) is an essential method carried out for classifying seizures and taking appropriate treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the concordance between clinical findings of epileptic seizures and EEG in children. Methods:We enrolled 461 patients from those who visited Gil hospital from January 1, 2000 to September 30, 2008 with the chief complaint of epileptic seizure more than once and checked their first EEG at the same hospital. The clinical findings of seizure were based on the charts and interictal waking and sleep EEGs were done. Results:The mean age of the patients was 6.7 years old. 497 epileptic seizures occurred and its clinical finding included 310 of partial seizures and 187 of generalized seizures. In 315 waking EEG 158 were abnormal including 118 of partial seizures, 59 of generalized seizures and 19 of both seizures, in 431 sleep EEG 239 were abnormal including 196 of partial seizures, 77 of generalized seizures and 34 of both seizures, and in waking and/or sleep EEG 273 were abnormal including 216 of partial seizures, 97 of generalized seizures and 40 of both seizures. Epileptic syndromes were observed in 90 patients. 146(41.5%) of partial seizures, 44(23.4%) of generalized seizures, and 79(87.8%) of epileptic syndromes accorded with EEG. Conclusion:When diagnosing seizures in children, we must consider not only clinical findings but also accurate EEG findings.

3T Multi Voxel Spectroscopy에서 SENSE와 NEX 변화에 따른 정상인 뇌 대사물질 변화 분석

성열훈,임재동,이재현,조성봉,우동철,최보영,Seong, Yeol-Hun,Rhim, Jae-Dong,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Cho, Sung-Bong,Woo, Dong-Chul,Choe, Bo-Young 한국의학물리학회 2008 의학물리 Vol.19 No.4

자기공명분광법(magnetic resonance spectroscopy: MRS)은 인체내 대사물질을 정량분석하여 병변의 조기진단 및 정밀진단에 도움을 주고 있으며, 최근 임상에 이용되고 있는 자기공명분광법은 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) 기법과 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) 기법이 있다. 본 연구에서는 SENSE와 NEX를 변화시킨 multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS)의 데이터와 기존 single voxel spectroscopy (SVS)의 데이터를 비교 분석하여, 각각의 데이터의 유의성 차이를 평가하고자 하였다. 정상 성인 지원자 13명(남자: 5명, 여자: 8명, 평균 41세, 표준편차 11.65세)을 대상으로 chemical shift image (CSI)를 이용한 MVS검사를 시행하였다. 장비는 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.1 (Philips Medical System, Netherland)을 이용하였고, 8 channel head coil을 사용하여 brain thalamus 부위에서 CSI spectrum을 1 slice 획득하였다. Scan parameter로는 FOV (field of view): $230{\times}184mm^2$, TR (time to repetition): 2000 msec, TE (time to echo): 288 msec, matrix: $15{\times}12$, VOI(view of interest): $110{\times}110mm^2$, voxel size: $15{\times}15{\times}15mm^3$로 하였다. SENSE factor (S)와 NEX (N)는 S1*N1, S2*N1, S2*N2, S3*N2로 변화하여 스펙트럼을 획득하였고, 각 scan time은 5분 54초, 3분 32초, 6분 20초, 4분 20초였다. 얻은 모든 MRS 데이터는 jMRUI 3.0 Version 프로그램에서 분석하였고, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data 그룹들이 정상 성인 뇌 대사물질의 변화에 영향을 주는지 검증하기 위해 그룹 간에 ANOVA분석을 실행하여 P 값이 0.05보다 크게 나오면 그룹들 사이에 유의한 차이가 없다고 분석하였다. NAA/Cr과 Cho/Cr의 상대적 비율은 MV와 SVS사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 즉, SENSE factor와 NEX를 변화시켜 얻은 MVS data에서 정상 성인 뇌조직의 대사물질의 변화를 관찰한 결과, S1*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.88{\pm}0.03$이고, S2*N1의 NAA/Cr은 $1.44{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.05$, S2*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.43{\pm}0.02$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.04$이며, S3*N2의 NAA/Cr은 $1.45{\pm}0.03$, Cho/Cr은 $0.87{\pm}0.03$으로 나타났다(F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). 그러나 데이터의 질을 측정하기 위한 MVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width는 SVS 데이터의 NAA Peak line-width 보다 약 3배 정도 넓었다. 본 연구에서는 MVS에서 SENSE factor와 NEX 값을 다양하게 변화시킨 MVS의 데이터와 SVS의 데이터가 큰 차이가 없음을 확인하였다. 즉, 어는 특정 부위의 뇌 조직의 대사물질은 MVS와 SVS 기법 모두 큰 차이가 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로 MVS는 SVS보다 광범한 부위를 짧은 시간 안에 검사할 수 있으므로 매우 유용한 방법이라고 사료된다. To evaluate the metabolic changes in normal adult brains due to alterations SENSE and NEX (number of excitation) by multi voxel MR Spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla. The study group was composed of normal volunteers (5 men and 8 women) with a mean ($\pm$ standard deviation) age of 41 (${\pm}11.65$). Their ages ranged from 28 to 61 years. MR Spectroscopy was performed with a 3.0T Achieva Release Version 2.0 (Philips Medical System-Netherlands). The 8 channel head coil was employed for MRS acquisition. The 13 volunteers underwent multi voxel spectroscopy (MVS) and single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) on the thalamus area with normally gray matter. Spectral parameters were as follows: 15 mm of thickness; 230 mm of FOV (field of view); 2000 msecs of repetition time (TR); 288 msecs of echo time (TE); $110{\times}110$ mm of VOI (view of interest); $15{\times}15{\times}15$ mm of voxel size. Multi voxel spectral parameters were made using specially in alteration of SENSE factor (1~3) and 1~2 of NEX. All MRS data were processed by the jMRUI 3.0 Version. There was no significant difference in NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratio between MVS and SVS likewise the previous results by Ross and coworkers in 1994. In addition, despite the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX in MVS, the metabolite ratios were not changed (F-value : 1.37, D.F : 3, P-value : 0.262). However, line-width of NAA peak in MVS was 3 times bigger than that in SVS. In the present study, we demonstrated that the alterations of SENSE factor and NEX were not critically affective to the result of metabolic ratios in the normal brain tissue.

Culture Parameters for Nonactin Production by Streptomyces viridochromogenes JM-4151

Dong Sun Lee,Jin Man Lee,Tae Ho Kim,Jong Guk Kim,Kab Cho Han,Jin Sik Lee,Gi Seok Kwon,Sang Han Lee 한국생명과학회 2001 Journal of Life Science Vol.11 No.1

β-Caryophyllene alleviates <small>D</small>-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury through suppression of the TLR4 and RAGE signaling pathways

Cho, Hong-Ik,Hong, Jeong-Min,Choi, Joo-Wan,Choi, Hyo-Sun,Hwan Kwak, Jong,Lee, Dong-Ung,Kook Lee, Sang,Lee, Sun-Mee Elsevier 2015 european journal of pharmacology Vol.764 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Agastache rugosa</I> (<I>A. rugosa</I>, Labiatae), a perennial herb spread throughout Korean fields, is widely consumed as a wild edible vegetable and is used in folk medicine. This study examined the hepatoprotective mechanisms of β-caryophyllene (BCP), a major bicyclic sesquiterpene of <I>A. rugosa</I>, against <SMALL>D</SMALL>-galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic failure. Mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of BCP (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) 1h before GalN (800mg/kg)/LPS (40μg/kg) injection and were killed 1h or 6h after GalN/LPS injection. GalN/LPS markedly increased mortality and serum aminotransferase activity, both of which were attenuated by BCP. BCP also attenuated increases in serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, and high-mobility group protein B1 levels by GalN/LPS. GalN/LPS significantly increased toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) protein expression, extracellular signal-related kinase, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), early growth response protein-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 protein expression. These increases were attenuated by BCP. Furthermore, BCP suppressed increased TLR4 and RAGE protein expression and proinflammatory cytokines production in LPS-treated isolated Kupffer cells. Our findings suggest that BCP protects against GalN/LPS-induced liver injury through down-regulation of the TLR4 and RAGE signaling.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Intensive Exercise Reduces the Fear of Additional Falls in Elderly People: Findings from the Korea Falls Prevention Study

Dong Hyun Oh,Ji Eun Park,Eon Sook Lee,Sang Woo Oh,Sung Il Cho,Soong Nang Jang,Hyun Wook Baik 대한내과학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.27 No.4

Biomass Productivity of a Microalga, Tetraselmis sp. MBEyh04Gc, by Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation in Floating Cube Photobioreactors

Dong-Woo SHIN,Yonghee CHO,Sang-Min LIM,Choul-Gyun LEE 한국생물공학회 2017 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.4

Effect of post annealing on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and failure of Mo_xW_1-xSi₂ heaters produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis

Cho, Myung-Yeon,Lee, Sung-Chul,Park, Chulhwan,Lee, Daeseok,Koo, Sang-Mo,Moon, Kyoung-Sook,Lee, Dong-Won,Oh, Jong-Min Elsevier 2019 INTERMETALLICS Vol.110 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>High-performance tungsten molybdenum disilicide (Mo<SUB>x</SUB>W<SUB>1-x</SUB>Si<SUB>2</SUB>) heating elements were prepared using a self-propagating high temperature synthesis process. The effect of post annealing on the degradation behavior of the alloy was experimentally investigated. Increasing the attrition milling time up to 20 min during powder preparation resulted in Mo<SUB>x</SUB>W<SUB>1-x</SUB>Si<SUB>2</SUB> heaters with the highest density, which increased the fracture strength compared to samples with shorter attrition times. Such samples were annealed and evaluated as heating elements using accelerated degradation tests and failure analysis in order to compare their structural characteristics and flexural strength with as-fabricated samples. The annealed Mo<SUB>x</SUB>W<SUB>1-x</SUB>Si<SUB>2</SUB> heater showed a relatively dense structure with few pores and no secondary phases, apart from a SiO<SUB>2</SUB> layer. This favorable structure prevented bubble formation, which can result in fracturing of the heater, as revealed by evaluation at high temperatures with various heating rates. The flexural strength of the annealed specimen was 2.5-times higher than that of the as-fabricated specimen, which was attributed to removal of secondary phases during annealing. Failure time and surface load analyses were used to investigate the fracture mechanism of the Mo<SUB>x</SUB>W<SUB>1-x</SUB>Si<SUB>2</SUB> heaters in detail at 1790 °C by quantifying bubble formation and the presence of secondary phases.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Self-propagating high temperature synthesis of Mo<SUB>x</SUB>W<SUB>1-x</SUB>Si<SUB>2</SUB> heaters demonstrated. </LI> <LI> Post-annealed Mo<SUB>x</SUB>W<SUB>1-x</SUB>Si<SUB>2</SUB> heaters were highly dense, with good flexural strength. </LI> <LI> Bubble formation (the main cause of fracture) suppressed at ultra-high temperature (above 1700 °C). </LI> <LI> Surface load, failure time, and bubble formation used to study fracture mechanisms. </LI> </UL> </P>

Predictive Factors for Maximal Size Reduction of Renal Target Lesion in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving Targeted Therapies

Sung Han Kim,In-Chang Cho,Sun Ho Kim,Jae Young Joung,Ho Kyung Seo,Kang Hyun Lee,Heong Dong Yuk,Jinsoo Chung 대한비뇨기종양학회 2014 대한비뇨기종양학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Purpose: To evaluate the renal target lesion response in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients treated with targeted therapy (TT) and to determine predictive factors for maximal tumor size reduction. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the clinical and radiographic data of 43 mRCC patients with 47 primary renal target legions (RTL) treated with at least two cycles of TT between 2007 and 2011. RTL response was evaluated using Response Evaluation Criteria Solid Tumors (RECIST) v.1.1. The significant predictive factors corresponding to the best response of RTL size reduction between the size reduction group (RG, n=36) and the non-reduction group (NRG, n=11) was statistically analyzed. Results: During a median follow-up period of 7.4 months, median RTL size was 82mm and its mean change in size was -7.35mm. Multivariate analysis showed that body surface area (BSA) (p=0.016) and RTL size (p=0.024) were independently significant in shorter time to maximize size reduction. After classification of four RTL groups according to the combination of BSA of 1.62㎡ and RTL size of 82mm, significant differences in time to maximal size reduction were observed (log rank, p=0.009). Conclusions: BSA and RTL size were the best predictive factors for reduction of RTL size with time for maximal tumor response during TT.