http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
An updated hip fracture projection in Asia: The Asian Federation of Osteoporosis Societies study
Ching-Lung Cheung,Seng Bin Ang,Manoj Chadha,Eddie Siu-Lun Chow,정윤석,Fen Lee Hew,Unnop Jaisamrarn,Hou Ng,Yasuhiro Takeuchi,Chih-Hsing Wu,Weibo Xia,Julie Yu,Saeko Fujiwara 대한골다공증학회 2018 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.4 No.1
Objectives: Hip fracture is a major public health problem. Earlier studies projected that the total number of hip fracture will increase dramatically by 2050, and most of the hip fracture will occur in Asia. To date, only a few studies provided the updated projection, and none of them focused on the hip fracture projection in Asia. Thus, it is essential to provide the most up to date prediction of hip fracture in Asia, and to evaluate the total direct medical cost of hip fracture in Asia. Methods: We provide the updated projection of hip fracture in 9 Asian Federation of Osteoporosis Societies members using the most updated incidence rate and projected population size. Results: We show that the number of hip fracture will increase from 1,124,060 in 2018 to 2,563,488 in 2050, a 2.28-fold increase. This increase is mainly due to the changes on the population demographics, especially in China and India, which have the largest population size. The direct cost of hip fracture will increase from 9.5 billion United State dollar (USD) in 2018 to 15 billion USD in 2050, resulting a 1.59-fold increase. A 2%e3% decrease in incidence rate of hip fracture annually is required to keep the total number of hip fracture constant over time.
An Imperceptible Watermarking Scheme Using Variation and Modular Operations
Ching-Sheng Hsu,Shu-Fen Tu 보안공학연구지원센터 2008 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.1 No.4
The aim of this paper is to propose an imperceptible wavelet-based watermarking scheme. In our scheme, we use variation to define the degree of transparence of coefficients of LL band and further determine transparent coefficients of HL3 and LH3 bands. Then, the watermark is embedded into those coefficients. In addition, the modular operation is utilized during watermark embedding. In the experimental results, we simulate some common attacks on the watermarked image. It is shown that our scheme is robust against most attacks; moreover, the watermarked image is highly imperceptible.
Reusing indigenous plant materials to restore vegetation: A practical case in Shei-Pa National Park
Ching-An Chiu,Sheng-Shan Lu,Mei-Fen Lee,Chen-Chang Pan,Kuo-Min Fu 국립중앙과학관 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.13 No.2
Using only local gene pools to restore native vegetation is challenging. This practice enabled native forestin a post-fired pine and silvergrass woodland to be rehabilitated by reusing indigenous materials in asimple and effective manner. We designed vegetation restoration processes, including uprooting silvergrassand removing pine leaf from woodland ground, collecting tree saplings on sliding slopes andtransplanting them, and collecting humus and seeds from roadsides and redistributing them at restorationsites. Volunteers, tourists, and employees of Shei-Pa National Park participated in the restorationpractices. Through 5-year practices, the native vegetation and forest floor environment exhibited aremarkable recovery, inducing the reappearance of the Guanwu salamander. This restoration practicecost little money but required much time and labor. The approach may be suitable for small restorationsites. We believe that this practice could enhance knowledge, technology, and enthusiasm for localecological restoration.
Lee, Wei Ching,Yusof, Mastura Md.,Lau, Fen Nee,Ee Phua, Vincent Chee Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6
Background: The use of preoperative chemoirradiation is the commonest treatment strategy employed in Malaysia for locally advanced rectal cancer. We need to determine the local control and survival rates for comparison with established rates in the literature. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed all newly diagnosed patients with rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent long course preoperative radiotherapy (RT) at the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kuala Lumpur Hospital (HKL) between $1^{st}$ January 2004 and $31^{st}$ December 2010. The aim of the study was to determine the radiological response post radiotherapy, pathological response including circumferential resection margin (CRM) status, 3 years local control, 3 years overall survival (OS) and 3 years disease free survival (DFS). Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software. Kaplan-Meier and log rank analysis were used to determine survival outcomes. Results: A total of 507 patients with rectal cancer underwent RT at HKL. Sixty seven who underwent long course preoperative RT were eligible for this study. The median age at diagnosis was 60 years old with a range of 26-78 years. The median tumour location was 6 cm from the anal verge. Most patients had suspicion of mesorectum involvement (95.5%) while 28.4% of patients had enlarged pelvic nodes on staging CT scan. All patients underwent preoperative chemo-irradiation except for five who had preoperative RT alone. Only 38 patients underwent definitive surgery (56.7%). Five patients were deemed to be inoperable radiologically and 3 patients were found to have unresectable disease intraoperatively. The remaining 21 patients defaulted surgery (31.3%). The median time from completion of RT to surgery was 8 weeks (range 5.6 to 29.4 weeks). Fifteen patients (39.5%) had surgery more than 8 weeks after completion of RT. Complete pathological response was noted in 4 patients (10.5%). The pathological CRM positive rate after RT was 18.4%. With a median follow-up of 38.8 months, the 3 year local control rate was 67%. The 3 years rate for CRM positive (<2 mm), CRM clear (>2 mm) and pCR groups were 0%, 88.1% and 100% respectively (p-value of 0.007). The 3 year OS and DFS were 57.3% and 44.8% respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, the approach of long course preoperative chemoirradiation for rectal cancer needs to be re-examined in our local setting. The high rate of local recurrence is worrying and is mainly due to patient defaulting post-preoperative chemoirradiation or delayed definitive surgery.