Efficacy and Safety of Escitalopram, Desvenlafaxine, and Vortioxetine in the Acute Treatment of Anxious Depression: A Randomized Rater-blinded 6-week Clinical Trial

Cheolmin Shin(Cheolmin Shin),Sang Won Jeon(Sang Won Jeon),Seung-Hoon Lee(Seung-Hoon Lee),Chi-Un Pae(Chi-Un Pae),Narei Hong(Narei Hong),Hyun Kook Lim(Hyun Kook Lim),Ashwin A. Patkar(Ashwin A. Patkar ) 대한정신약물학회 2023 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.21 No.1

Objective: Anxious depression is associated with greater chronicity, higher severity of symptoms, more severe functional impairment, and poor response to drug treatment. However, evidence for first-choice antidepressants in patients with anxious depression is limited. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of escitalopram, desvenlafaxine, and vortioxetine in the acute treatment of anxious depression. Methods: Patients (n = 124) with major depressive disorder and high levels of anxiety were randomly assigned to an escitalopram treatment group (n = 42), desvenlafaxine treatment group (n = 40), or vortioxetine treatment group (n = 42) in a 6-week randomized rater-blinded head-to-head comparative trial. Changes in overall depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), respectively. Results: Patients demonstrated similar baseline-to-endpoint improvement in scores and similar response and remission rates for HAMD and HAMA. Analysis of the individual HAMD items revealed that desvenlafaxine significantly reduced anxiety somatic scores (p = 0.013) and hypochondriasis scores (p = 0.014) compared to escitalopram. With respect to the individual HAMA items, desvenlafaxine treatment showed significantly lower scores for respiratory symptoms (p = 0.013) than escitalopram treatment and cardiovascular symptoms (p = 0.005) than vortioxetine treatment. The treatments were well tolerated, with no significant differences. Conclusion: Our results indicated no significant differences in the efficacy and tolerability of escitalopram, desvenlafaxine, and vortioxetine in this subtype of patients with anxious depression during the acute phase of treatment.

Standardization of the Korean Version of the Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder Self-Rating Scale

Cheolmin Shin,Michael Linden,채정호,고영훈,김용구,김승현,조숙행,정인과,한창수 대한신경정신의학회 2012 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.9 No.4

Objective Embitterment is a persistent feeling of being let down or insulted, feeling like a “loser”, or feeling revengeful but helpless. In South Korea, social injustice experienced during rapid industrial development and protracted unemployment during the Asian economic crisis may lead to strong feelings of embitterment. North Korean defectors and victims of industrial disasters may also experience humiliation and feelings of injustice. Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder (PTED) is a recent conceptualization of a new psychiatric disorder. This study tested the reliability and validation of the Korean version of the PTED Scale. Methods Subjects aged 18 years or older were recruited from a psychiatric outpatient clinic. All subjects were diagnosed with a depressive disorder. Subjects completed the Korean version of the PTED Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15) at baseline and two weeks later. Results Approximately 15.4% of subjects could be categorized as having PTED. The test-retest reliability of the PTED Scale was good (r=0.76) and the internal consistency was very high (Cronbach’s alpha=0.962). Positive correlations were found between the PTED Scale,the PHQ-9 and the PHQ-15, indicating substantial convergent validity of the PTED Scale. Conclusion The Korean version of the PTED Scale is a reliable and valid measurement of embitterment in Korean adults as an emotional reaction to a negative life event.

Monitoring the Physicochemical Degradation of Polishing Pad Soaked in Hydrogen Peroxide during Chemical Mechanical Polishing

Shin, Cheolmin,Chung, Hyunjae,Kim, Eungchul,Hong, Seokjun,Kwak, Donggeon,Jin, Yinhua,Kulkarni, Atul,Kim, Taesung The Electrochemical Society 2018 ECS journal of solid state science and technology Vol.7 No.2

<P>The porous polyurethane polishing pads are extensively used in the chemical mechanical polishing. The pad property is very important and influences the polishing effectiveness and the wafer surface quality. Hence, in the present work, the physicochemical degradation of unused polyurethane polishing pads during metal chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was studied. It was found that the polishing pads were reacted chemically with H2O2 resulting in degradation of the polymer chain network of polishing pad and reduction in the pad elastic modulus. Pad polymer network chain scission was observed during FT-IR evaluation confirming the degradation of the pad. CMP experiments with the H2O2 soaked pads resulted in change in material removal rate (MRR) and the within-wafer non-uniformity (WIWNU). Further Pad elastic modulus estimated by colorimetric evaluation and CIE Lab color coordinates. (C) 2018 The Electrochemical Society.</P>

Sickness absence indicating depressive symptoms of working population in South Korea

Shin, Cheolmin,Ko, Young-Hoon,Yoon, Seoyoung,Jeon, Sang Won,Pae, Chi-Un,Kim, Yong-Ku,Patkar, Ashwin A.,Han, Changsu Elsevier 2018 Journal of affective disorders Vol.227 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Sickness absence has been regarded as an important indicator of workers' health and work productivity. This study is aimed to evaluate the association between depressive symptoms and sickness absence in workers of South Korea.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We used nationwide cross-sectional survey data from 2889 individuals in the working population aged over 19 years in South Korea. Depressive symptoms were measured using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Those respondents who scored above 10 on PHQ-9 were regarded as having depressive symptoms. Sickness absence was considered a binary variable with an absence of at least 1 day in the past month. The survey instrument contained questions about sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, work-related factors, and chronic illnesses. Logistic regression models were used to find odds ratios and confidence intervals.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The prevalence of sickness absence was found to be overall 4.6%. The adjusted odds ratio of sickness absence with depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10) was 3.63 (Confidence Interval: 2.13–6.20) after controlling of possible confounders. Compared to minimal depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 < 5), the differences between other types of severity of depressive symptoms (mild, moderate, and moderately severe) in terms of mean of all sickness absences were more significant.</P> <P><B>Limitation</B></P> <P>The sickness absence based on the memory of the respondent in this study may result in a recall bias.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Incidence of at least 1 day of sickness absence per month increased the risk of depressive symptoms after controlling for the possible confounding factors in general working population. It may be necessary to consider strategies for assessing depression in the workers who take sick leaves.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We examined relationship between depression and sickness absence in Korean workers. </LI> <LI> Self-employed and unpaid family workers were included as the study population. </LI> <LI> Incidence of sickness absence increased the risk of depressive symptoms. </LI> <LI> Long duration of sickness absence tended to imake depressive symptoms severe. </LI> </UL> </P>

Diamond structure-dependent pad and wafer polishing performance during chemical mechanical polishing

Shin, Cheolmin,Kulkarni, Atul,Kim, Kangjun,Kim, Hojoong,Jeon, Sanghuck,Kim, Eungchul,Jin, Yinhua,Kim, Taesung Springer-Verlag 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TE Vol.97 No.1

Comparison of the Usefulness of the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 for Screening for Major Depressive Disorder: Analysis of Psychiatric Outpatient Data

Cheolmin Shin,Seung-Hoon Lee,Kyu-Man Han,Ho-Kyoung Yoon,Changsu Han 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.4

Objective This study aimed to demonstrate that the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8 is not less useful than the PHQ-9 as a screening test for major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 567 patients in psychiatric outpatient units. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to diagnose MDD. We derived the validity and reliability of the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9. To evaluate the ability of the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 to discriminate MDD, we drew receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and compared the areas under the curves (AUCs). Results Of the 567 participants, 207 (36.5%) were diagnosed with MDD. Cronbach’s αs for the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 were 0.892 and 0.876, respectively. Similar to the PHQ-9, the PHQ-8 was also associated with scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in a correlation analysis. When we drew ROC curves for the PHQ-8 and PHQ-9, there was no statistically significant difference in the AUCs. With a cutoff score of 10, the PHQ-8 showed a sensitivity of 58.3%, specificity of 83.1%, positive predictive value of 53.4%, and negative predictive value of 85.7%. Conclusion In a psychiatric outpatient sample, the PHQ-8 was as useful as the PHQ-9 for MDD screening.

Additional Reduction of Residual Symptoms with Aripiprazole Augmentation in the Patients with Partially Remitted Major Depressive Disorder

Cheolmin Shin,Chi-Un Pae,Kyung Phil Kwak,Sang Won Jeon,Hyun-Ghang Jeong,Jong-Woo Kim,Youn Jung Lee,Ashwin A. Patkar,Changsu Han 대한정신약물학회 2021 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.19 No.2

Objective: Many patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) suffer from residual symptoms without achieving remission. However, pharmacologic options for residual symptoms of MDD have been limited. This study aimed to investigate benefit of aripiprazole augmentation in the treatment of residual symptoms in the patients with partially remitted MDD. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the 8-week medical records of the patients. The enrolled patients did respond to treatment of antidepressant but were not remitted. The range of 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) total score of the subjects were 8 to 15 points. All patients were currently taking antidepressants when they started aripiprazole. The primary endpoint was the mean change of Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale (CUDOS). Secondary endpoint measures were HAMD, Clinical Global Impression-severity (CGI-S) scores, Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Perceived Deficit Questionnaire-depression (PDQ-D), Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) and General Health Questionnaire/Quality of Life-12 (GHQ/QL-12). Results: A total of 134 medical records were analyzed. The changes of CUDOS, HAMD, CGI-S, BAI, PHQ-15, PDQ-D, SDS and GHQ/QL-12 from baseline to the endpoint were −7.93, −3.29, −0.80, −4.02, −2.05, −4.35, −4.77 and −2.82, respectively (all p < 0.001). At the endpoint, the newly remitted subjects rate by HAMD score criteria were approximately 46%. Conclusion: Our preliminary findings have presented the effectiveness of aripiprazole augmentation for residual symp-toms of partially remitted MDD patients in routine practice. This study assures subsequent well-controlled studies of the possibility of generalizing the above promising outcome in the future.

Efficacy of Buspirone Augmentation of Escitalopram in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder with and without Atypical Features: A Randomized, 8 Week, Multicenter, Open-Label Clinical Trial

Cheolmin Shin,Young-Hoon Ko,Se-Hoon Shim,Ji Sun Kim,Kyoung-Sae Na,Sang-Woo Hahn,Seung-Hwan Lee 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.8

Objective This study investigated the treatment response and cognitive enhancement effects of buspirone augmentation of escitalopram in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), according to atypical feature subtypes of MDD. Methods An 8 week, randomized, parallel-controlled, open-label study was conducted. The Columbia Atypical Depression Diagnostic Scale was administered to evaluate atypical features. Patients were assigned randomly to the buspirone augmentation or non-buspirone groups. Symptom severity and cognitive function were evaluated using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, digit span test, word fluency test, and Trail Making Tests A and B. Results A total of 89 patients were recruited. There were no significant differences in the measures between the groups; however, among the MDD patients without atypical features, the digit span and word fluency tests were improved by treatment. In the MDD patients without atypical features, the buspirone augmentation group showed a significant improvement on the digit span test compared to the non-buspirone group. Conclusion Buspirone augmentation did not demonstrate significant benefits in MDD patients; however, buspirone augmentation showed greater efficacy for the improvement of cognitive function in MDD patients without atypical features. Our study suggests that atypical features are an important factor for cognitive enhancement in buspirone augmentation treatment in patients with MDD.

Trace Metals Optimization in Ceria Abrasive for Material Removal Rate Enhancement during ILD CMP

Shin, Cheolmin,Choi, Jinhak,Kim, Hojoong,Kulkarni, Atul,Kwak, Donggeon,Kim, Eungchul,Kim, Taesung The Electrochemical Society 2017 ECS journal of solid state science and technology Vol.6 No.10

<P>Ceria abrasive has been widely used in chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) to achieve a high material removal rate. To achieve optimum CMP performance, Ce<SUP>3+</SUP> ions need to be generated on the ceria particle surface so they can react with SiO<SUB>2</SUB>. Based on the redox reaction, trace metals can be good candidates for forming the required ions. In this study, FeCl<SUB>2</SUB> and CrCl<SUB>2</SUB> trace metals with ceria were evaluated in terms of their CMP performance and effectiveness. The role of oxygen vacancies formed on the ceria surface using trace metals was experimentally investigated. Compared to FeCl<SUB>2</SUB>, CrCl<SUB>2</SUB> exhibits better CMP performance. We observed that with the addition of CrCl<SUB>2</SUB> trace metals in the ceria abrasive, the removal rate of SiO<SUB>2</SUB> was enhanced by 1.3 times that of only ceria abrasive. Further, in the presence of CrCl<SUB>2</SUB>, the SiO<SUB>2</SUB> wafer surface roughness was reduced from 0.473 nm to 0.390 nm.</P>

Evaluation of Size Distribution Measurement Methods for Sub-100 nm Colloidal Silica Nanoparticles and Its Application to CMP Slurry

Shin, Cheolmin,Choi, Jinhak,Kwak, Donggeon,Kim, Juhwan,Yang, Jichul,Chae, Seung-ki,Kim, Taesung Electrochemical Society 2019 ECS journal of solid state science and technology Vol.8 No.5

<P>Various methods such as transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning mobility particle sizer were utilized to measure size distributions for sub-100 nm colloidal silica. Compared to electron micrographs, hydrodynamic diameter of sample is dependent on its concentration from ∼60 nm to ∼90 nm and it is difficult to measure the poly dispersed nanoparticles and analyze its own properties due to limitation of DLS method, whereas, nano nebulizer (NN)-SMPS method distinguished two different size nanoparticles (51 nm and 82 nm) perfectly and is considerably stable to alternations of concentration and dispersity.</P>