Over-expression of a seed specific hevein-like antimicrobial peptide from Pharbitis nil enhances resistance to a fungal pathogen in transgenic tobacco plants

Koo, Ja-Choon,Chun, Hyun-Jin,Park, Hyeong-Cheol,Kim, Min-Chul,Koo, Yoon-Duck,Koo, Seong-Cheol,Ok, Hyun-Mi,Park, Soo-Jeong,Lee, Sung-Ho,Yun, Dae-Jin,Lim, Chae-Oh,Bahk, Jeong-Dong,Lee, Sang-Yeol,Cho, Mo Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2002 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2002 No.-

Two hevein-like peptides from the seed of Pharbitis nil, designated Pharbitis nil antimicrobial peptide 1 (Pn-AMP1) and Pn-AMP2, had been purified previously. Both exhibit potent in vitro antifungal activity against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi. We now report the isolation of two cDNA clones, designated pnAMP-h1 and pnAMP-h2, and the corresponding genomic clones encoding these protein suggests that the peptides are produced as a prepropeptide consisting of and N-terminal signal peptide, the mature protein and C-terminal domains. The transcripts of the two genes are accumulated seed-specifically, and the maximum transcripts are observed in the mid-to-late stage of seed development. Constitutive over-expression of the pnAMP-h2 cDNA in transgenic tobacco under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter conferred enhanced resistance against the oomycete Phytophthora parasitica, the causal agent of black shank disease. Thus the Pn-AMPs may play a role in the protection of seeds and may

Characterization of a stamen-specific cDNA encoding a novel plant defensin in Chinese cabbage

Park, Hyeong-Cheol,Kang, Yun-Hwan,Chun, Hyun-Jin,Koo, Ja-Choon,Cheong, Yong-Hwa,Kim, Cha-Young,Kim, Min-Chul,Chung, Woo-Sik,Kim, Jong-Cheol,Yoo, Jae-Hyuk,Koo, Yoon-Duck,Koo, Sung-Chul,Lim, Chae-Oh,Lee Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2002 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2002 No.-

We isolated a stamen-specific cDNA, BSD1(Brassica stamen specific plant defensin 1)that encodes a novel plant defensin peptide in Chinese Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis). Plant defensins are antimicrobial peptides containing eight highly conserved cysteine residues linked by disulfide bridges. In BSD1, the eight cysteine residues and a glutamate residue at position 29 are conserved whereas other amino acid residues of the plant defensins consensus sequence are substituted. BSD1 transcripts accumulate specifically in the stamen of developing flowers and its level drops as the flowers mature. The recombinant BSD1 produced in Escherichia coli showed antifungal activity against several phytopathogenic fungi. Furthermore, constitutive over-expression of the BSD1 gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter conferred enhanced tolerance against the Phytophthora parasitica in the transgenic tobacco plants.

복강경 담낭절제술 환자에서 Propofol마취와 Enflurane 마취에 따른 수술후 간 기능 변화의 비교

오수원,우영철,구길회,김석주 대한마취과학회 1999 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.36 No.2

Background : Recently, using propofol as intravenous anesthetic agent is increasing. And it is known that propofol has little effects on liver function even after long operation such as plastic surgery. But its effect on liver functon after hepatobilliary operation which may damage liver was not studied. Thus, authors carried out this study to evaluate the effect of propofol on liver function by comparing with enflurane in the patients who had laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods : Patients's anesthesia records and hospital charts from January 1994 to June 1996 were anlaysed retrospectively. Three hundred and thirty three patients who had normal liver function preoperatively and had no complications during and after operation were selected. They were divided into two groups ; propofol group (n=191) and enflurane group (n=142). The preoperative values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were compared with those of 1 and 3 days after operation. Results : One day after operation, both propofol and enflurane group showed significant increase in AST and ALT (p<0.05) and decrease in ALP (p<0.05). But there was no difference between two groups. Conclusion : Concerned to liver function, propofol is as useful as enflurane to the patients who scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1999; 36: 279∼285)

고에너지 전자빔투사방법을 사용한 TiB2/Ti 표면합금화 재료의 제조 연구

구양모,이성학,어광준,김낙준,오준철 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.36 No.12

The present study is concerned with the fabrication and the microstructural analysis of a TiB₂/Ti surfacealloyed material fabricated by high-energy electron beam irradiation. The mixture of TiB₂ powders and flux was deposited on a Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy substrate, and then electron beam was irradiated on these mixture using an electron beam accelerator. The melted region of about 1.5 ㎜ thickness was homogeneously formed without pores or cracks, and was composed of primary and eutectic TiB borides in the β phase matrix. The formation of these TiB borides greatly improved hardness, especially high-temperature hardness up to 450℃. These findings suggested that the surface-alloying method using high-energy electron beam irradiation was economical and useful to the development of new advanced materials with improved high-temperature properties.

Olfactory marker protein regulation of glucagon secretion in hyperglycemia

Oh Ju Hun,Han Ye Eon,Bao Ya Ru,Kang Chan Woo,Koo JaeHyung,Ku Cheol Ryong,Cho Yoon Hee,Lee Eun Jig 생화학분자생물학회 2022 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.54 No.-

The olfactory marker protein (OMP), which is also expressed in nonolfactory tissues, plays a role in regulating the kinetics and termination of olfactory transduction. Thus, we hypothesized that OMP may play a similar role in modulating the secretion of hormones involved in Ca2+ and cAMP signaling, such as glucagon. In the present study, we confirmed nonolfactory α-cell-specific OMP expression in human and mouse pancreatic islets as well as in the murine α-cell line αTC1.9. Glucagon and OMP expression increased under hyperglycemic conditions. Omp knockdown in hyperglycemic αTC1.9 cells using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced the responses to glucagon release and the related signaling pathways compared with the si-negative control. The OMPlox/lox;GCGcre/w mice expressed basal glucagon levels similar to those in the wild-type OMPlox/lox mice but showed resistance against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. The ectopic olfactory signaling events in pancreatic α-cells suggest that olfactory receptor pathways could be therapeutic targets for reducing excessive glucagon levels.

TCF7L2 Modulates Glucose Homeostasis by Regulating CREB- and FoxO1-Dependent Transcriptional Pathway in the Liver

Oh, Kyoung-Jin,Park, Jinyoung,Kim, Su Sung,Oh, Hyunhee,Choi, Cheol Soo,Koo, Seung-Hoi,Puigserver, Pere Public Library of Science 2012 PLoS genetics Vol.8 No.9

<▼1><P>Peripheral insulin resistance contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes. TCF7L2 has been tightly associated with this disease, although the exact mechanism was largely elusive. Here we propose a novel role of TCF7L2 in hepatic glucose metabolism in mammals. Expression of medium and short isoforms of TCF7L2 was greatly diminished in livers of diet-induced and genetic mouse models of insulin resistance, prompting us to delineate the functional role of these isoforms in hepatic glucose metabolism. Knockdown of hepatic TCF7L2 promoted increased blood glucose levels and glucose intolerance with increased gluconeogenic gene expression in wild-type mice, in accordance with the PCR array data showing that only the gluconeogenic pathway is specifically up-regulated upon depletion of hepatic TCF7L2. Conversely, overexpression of a nuclear isoform of TCF7L2 in high-fat diet-fed mice ameliorated hyperglycemia with improved glucose tolerance, suggesting a role of this factor in hepatic glucose metabolism. Indeed, we observed a binding of TCF7L2 to promoters of gluconeogenic genes; and expression of TCF7L2 inhibited adjacent promoter occupancies of CREB, CRTC2, and FoxO1, critical transcriptional modules in hepatic gluconeogenesis, to disrupt target gene transcription. Finally, haploinsufficiency of TCF7L2 in mice displayed higher glucose levels and impaired glucose tolerance, which were rescued by hepatic expression of a nuclear isoform of TCF7L2 at the physiological level. Collectively, these data suggest a crucial role of TCF7L2 in hepatic glucose metabolism; reduced hepatic expression of nuclear isoforms of this factor might be a critical instigator of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Previous genome-wide association studies revealed that TCF7L2 is a strong candidate for a type 2 diabetes gene. However, the direct involvement of TCF7L2 on hepatic glucose metabolism has been elusive to date. Here we show that TCF7L2 is critical in mediating transcriptional control of hepatic glucose production. We found that hepatic expression of nuclear isoforms of TCF7L2 was reduced in mouse models of insulin resistance. Acute depletion of TCF7L2 in the liver promoted glucose intolerance and up-regulation of gluconeogenic genes, while ectopic expression of TCF7L2 in DIO mice improved glucose tolerance. TCF7L2 was shown to bind to the gluconeogenic promoters, thereby interfering with the promoter occupancies of both CREB/CRTC2 and FoxO1 on their cognate sites. Furthermore, TCF7L2 haploinsufficiency promoted higher glucose levels with impaired glucose tolerance and increased hepatic glucose production in mice, and adenovirus-mediated TCF7L2 expression in the liver reversed the phenotype. We propose that TCF7L2 is a critical player in regulating glucose homeostasis in mammals by modulating hepatic glucose production.</P></▼2>

Demonstration of mitral valve prolapse with CT for planning of mitral valve repair.

Koo, Hyun Jung,Yang, Dong Hyun,Oh, Sang Young,Kang, Joon-Won,Kim, Dae-Hee,Song, Jae-Kwan,Lee, Jae Won,Chung, Cheol Hyun,Lim, Tae-Hwan The Society 2014 Radiographics Vol.34 No.6

<P>Mitral valve prolapse (MVP), the most frequent cause of severe nonischemic mitral regurgitation, often warrants surgical or interventional valve repair. The severity of mitral regurgitation positively correlates with the development of heart failure and death. Even in patients who are asymptomatic, severe mitral regurgitation causes higher rates of death, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Repair procedures for mitral regurgitation have progressed to include leaflet repair, chordal transfer, ring or band annuloplasty, and new percutaneous procedures. In planning for mitral valve repair, detection and localization of mitral valve abnormalities are important. The causes of mitral regurgitation include degenerative mitral valve (eg, prolapsed leaflet, myxomatous degeneration, and Barlow disease [excessive degenerated tissues with elongated chordae]). Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is helpful for depicting mitral valve abnormalities. It allows complete visualization of cardiac anatomic features, including the coronary arteries, paravalvular structures, and cardiac wall motion. This review addresses the role of cardiac CT in depicting anatomic features of the mitral valve, provides a practical method for localizing the exact site of MVP, and discusses the CT findings of various causes of mitral regurgitation. The first step in reconstructing CT images for MVP is to select the best cardiac phase for depicting the anatomic features of the mitral valve. Additional views of the mitral valve then show the specific mitral valve abnormality. This article provides technical tips for demonstrating MVP with CT, as well as imaging results for various causes of MVP and intraoperative findings. Online supplemental material is available for this article. (C) RSNA, 2014 . radiographics.rsna.org</P>

Effects of Spent Mushroom Substrates Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation and Blood Metabolites in Hanwoo Steers

Oh, Young-Kyoon,Lee, Won-Man,Choi, Chang-Weon,Kim, Kyoung-Hoon,Hong, Seong-Koo,Lee, Sang-Cheol,Seol, Yong-Joo,Kwak, Wan-Sup,Choi, Nag-Jin Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.12

This study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation of spent mushroom substrates (SMS) on rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in Hanwoo steers. The experiment was conducted as a duplicated Latin square design with six Hanwoo steers ($600{\pm}47\;kg$), each permanently fitted with a ruminal cannula. There were three treatments; i) control (concentrates 4.8 kg +rice straw 1.2 kg/d), ii) Pleurotus eryngiia (PE) treatment (concentrates 4.8 kg+rice straw 0.73 kg+Pleurotus eryngiia 1.20 kg/d) and iii) Pleurotus osteratus (PO) treatment (concentrates 4.8 kg+rice straw 0.73 kg+Pleurotus osteratus 1.20 kg/d). There were no major effects of different dietary treatments on rumen parameters such as pH, ammonia-N, individual and total VFA production. Parameters of N utilization, including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein and albumin levels, were not significantly different among the treatments, except for creatinine. Thus, the present results indicated that protein utilization was mostly unaffected by SMS treatments such as PE and PO, even though creatinine concentration was lower in PE compared with control and PO treatments (p<0.05). The present results indicate that Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus osteratus could be used as a forage source to replace 40% of rice straw without any negative effects on rumen fermentation and blood metabolites in Hanwoo steers.

Modeling & Simulation Software Design for Coverage Analysis of Multiple Radio Positioning Integration System

Koo, Moonsuk,Kim, YoungJoon,So, Hyoungmin,Oh, Sang Heon,Kim, Seong-Cheol,Hwang, Dong-Hwan The Institute of Positioning 2016 Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Vol.5 No.2

Since the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) may not provide navigation information due to external interferences, many countries have plans to prepare a backup system for this situation. One of the possible GNSS backup systems is a multiple radio positioning integration system in combination with the terrestrial radio navigation system. Before constructing such a GNSS backup system, M&S software is needed to analyze if the system satisfies the performance the required navigation performance. This study presents requirements of M&S software for coverage analysis of the navigation system, and proposes an M&S software design scheme on the basis of the requirements. The M&S software is implemented, and coverage analysis is performed to verify the validity of the proposed design scheme.

가토에서 Thiopental 과 Propofol의 피하주사에 따른 염증반응

오제환,나병수,이보령,박정원,정용훈,백종화,우영철,김진윤,박선규,구길회,오수원 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.43 No.4

Background: Thiopental and propofol are the most widely used intravenous anesthetics as induction agents in general anesthesia. Thiopental is a very strong alkaline drug, and when it is extravasated, it can cause pain and skin necrosis. Propofol also can cause pain on injection in many populations. Therefore, we planed this study to compare inflammatory reactions of skin tissues after subdermal injections of thiopental and propofol in rabbits. Methods: Four rabbits were divided into 2 groups: Standard dose (S) group and double dose (D) group. In the S group, thiopental 0.4 ml and propofol 0.4 ml were injected subcutaneoudly on each side of the posterior proximal ear. In the D group, the dose was doubled to 0.8 ml of each drug and injection was done in the same manner. Skin tissue at the injection sites were excised after 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days. Then each skin tissue slide was examined under an optical microsccpe. Results: In the S group, the inflammatory reaction after the subdermal injection of 2.5% thiopental revealed a more progressed and more severe pattern than 1% propofol. In the D group, the inflammatory reaction after a subdermal injection of 2.5% thiopental revealed a more progressed and more severe pattern than 1% propofol at 3 days, but there was no significant difference in the degree of progression and severity between the 2 drugs at 7 days. Conclusions: When propofol is extravasated during continuous infusion for maintenance of anesthesia, it can cause distinct inflammatory reaction; though the inflammatory reaction is milder and the possibility of complications is lower than with thiopental. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2002; 43: 485~493)