Performance optimization of annealing salp swarm algorithm: frameworks and applications for engineering design

Song Jiuman,Chen Chengcheng,Heidari Ali Asghar,Liu Jiawen,Yu Helong,Chen Huiling 한국CDE학회 2022 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.9 No.2

Swarm salp algorithm is a swarm intelligence optimization algorithm enlightened by the movement and foraging behaviors of the salp population. The salp swarm algorithm (SSA) has a simple structure and fast processing speed and can gain significant results on objective functions with fewer local optima. However, it has poor exploration ability and is easy to suffer from the local optimal solutions, so it performs poorly on multimodal objective functions. Besides, its unfair balance of exploration and exploitation is another notable shortcoming. To ameliorate these shortcomings and enhance the algorithm’s performance on multimodal functions, this research proposes simulated annealing (SA) improved salp swarm algorithm (SASSA). SASSA embeds the SA strategy into the followers’ position updating method of SSA, performs a certain number of iterations of the SA strategy, and uses Lévy flight to realize the random walk in the SA strategy. SASSA and 23 original and improved competitive algorithms are compared on 30 IEEE CEC2017 benchmark functions. SASSA ranked first in the Friedman test. Compared with SSA, SASSA can obtain better solutions on 27 benchmark functions. The balance and diversity experiment and analysis of SSA and SASSA are carried out. SASSA’s practicability is verified by solving five engineering problems and the fertilizer effect function problem. Experimental and statistical results reveal that the proposed SASSA has strong competitiveness and outperforms all the competitors. SASSA has excellent exploration ability, suitable for solving composition functions with multiple peaks. Meanwhile, SASSA brings about a good balance of exploration and exploitation and dramatically improves the quality of the solutions.

Computational investigation of three-faced blade errors on contact behaviors for face-hobbed hypoid gears

Chaosheng Song,Chengcheng Liang,Caichao Zhu,Kunming Liu,Siyuan Liu,Qianhong Huang 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.7

An accurate mathematical model of face-hobbed hypoid gear tooth surface based on the three-faced blade is established. The correctness of the mathematical model was verified by comparing the contact pattern results from KIMOS software and finite element tooth contact analysis. Then, the effects of tool errors on mesh characteristics of face-hobbed hypoid gear were investigated by loaded tooth contact analysis. Results show that the influences of pressure angle error and regrind angle error on contact pattern are obvious. The location of contact pattern moves from the root on the heel side to the top on the toe side of the tooth surface when the error value increases. The peak-to-peak value of transmission error gradually increases with those two types of errors. The influences of spheric radius error, rake angle error and cutting side relief angle error on contact behaviors are similar and not obvious for facehobbed hypoid gears.

Influences of machine-tool setting errors on mesh behavior for small-module spiral bevel gear

Chaosheng Song,Maohao Xia,Siyuan Liu,Chengcheng Liang 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.9

Due to the complex manufacturing process and numerous machine-tool settings, errors easily arise between the actual parameters and theoretical parameters of spiral bevel gear, which contributes to the deviation of geometrical morphology of gear flank. This type of gear pair is very sensitive to tooth flank deviations, and the deviations can affect the mesh behavior of the gear pair and then the performance of the entire device. To investigate the influence of different machine-tool setting errors on the mesh behavior of small-module spiral bevel gear, a mathematical model of this type of gear pair has been established based on the principle of duplex spread blade method, and the finite element analysis model has been developed under the rated condition. The horizontals and radial distances of pinion and wheel as well as the velocity ratio were selected to be investigated. The three machine-tool setting all makes the contact pattern move within the tooth flank. The minimum value of transmission error (TE) appears at the initial horizontal and radial distance. Negative values of the horizontal and radial distance and positive value of velocity ratio both can increase the root bending stress. The errors of machine-tool setting will increase the tooth contact stress. The main influential errors on mesh behavior of small-module spiral bevel gear are in proper order, horizontal, radial distance and velocity ratio. It is convenient and efficient to correct the tooth flanks in this order only by contrasting the contact pattern with the design after the rolling test.

Gender Role Attitudes and Values toward Caring for Older Adults in Contemporary China, Japan, and South Korea: Evidence from a Cross-sectional Survey

Yan Zi,Song Chengcheng 서울대학교 사회발전연구소 2021 Journal of Asian Sociology Vol.50 No.3

The twenty-first century witnessed dramatic changes in family structure, demographics, and values in East Asian societies. However, little is known about how gender role attitudes influence values toward caring for older adults among contemporary East Asian societies. By using individual-level data from the 2012 China General Social Survey, the 2012 Japan General Social Survey, and the 2012 Korean General Social Survey, this study sheds light on how adult children (aged 20-60) think about caring for older adults in a context of changing family structure, demographics, and social norms. Binary logistic regression estimation results reveal that, first, compared with Japan, traditional filial piety was less eroded in China and South Korea. Second, gender role attitudes play a significant role in adult children’s values toward caring for older adults, especially among Japanese adult children; maintaining traditional gender role attitudes would intensify adult children’s familial filial piety. Third, compared with men, women are less likely to prefer individual and family as caregivers for their older parents.

Influences of rubber cushion and bearing position on the mesh characteristics of small-module spiral bevel gear

Maohao Xia,Chaosheng Song,Chengcheng Liang,Siyuan Liu,Zhengminqing Li,Peitang Wei 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.12

A mathematical model of spiral bevel gear with the application of duplex spread blade method was established. A novel finite element model considering the configuration of shafts and bearings was developed. The influences of shafts, bearing position, and rubber cushion on the mesh characteristics of spiral bevel gear under different loads were investigated. Results show that the peak-to-peak value of transmission error and the ratio of contact area and high stress area all increase with the increase in loads. With the existence of rubber cushion, the contact pattern moves to the heel and root sides of the wheel flank, and the peakto-peak value of transmission error and root edge contact area increase. With the front bearing moving from the original position to the positive position, the peak-to-peak value of transmission error increases. With the movement of rear bearing position from negative to positive, the contact pattern moves to the heel and root sides of the wheel flank. The peak-to-peak value of transmission error increases, and the root edge contact area expands.

Preparation of layered B4C with high neutron-shielding properties using graphene as template

Li Yang, Li Sanxi,Wang Song,Tian Chengcheng 한양대학교 청정에너지연구소 2023 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.24 No.1

In this paper, layered boron carbide (B4C) particles were successfully synthesized by sol-gel-low temperature pyrolysis methodusing boron acid and glycerin as raw materials with self-made reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as additives. The structure ofthe sol-gel condensation product was analyzed by FT-IR. The phase, morphology and particle size of the B4C werecharacterized by XRD, FE-SEM and LPSA. The results showed that boron carbide was rhombic crystal phase, but the surfaceof the particles was wrinkled and more layered. The B4C powders with uniform morphology and some particle sizes less than100 nm were prepared with the RGO content of 0.6%. Testing the neutron-shielding properties of the polypropylene-B4Ccomposites suggested that neutron transmittance with the B4C content of 35 wt% was 94.1% lower (from 70.6% to 4.1%) thanneat polypropylene, and the total macroscopic absorption cross-section was about 18 times larger (from 0.0857 ± 0.0031 cm-1 to1.5521 ± 0.0008 cm-1). The relative density, fracture toughness and hardness of self-made B4C ceramics (sB4C) were higherthan the commercially available B4C ceramics (cB4C). This study provided a new method for the preparation of B4C powderswith excellent neutron absorption properties and good sintering activity.

Effect of ethylene glycol on the synthesis of crystalline boron carbide powder from condensed boric-acid-glycerin precursor

Li Yang,Li Sanxi,Wang Song,Tian Chengcheng,Otitoju Tunmise Ayode 한양대학교 청정에너지연구소 2023 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.24 No.2

The effect of addition of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) on the synthesis of crystalline boron carbide (B4C) powder from a condensedboric acid (H3BO3)-glycerin (C3H8O3) product was investigated. Equal molar amount of H3BO3 and glycerin was mixed andsubjected to dehydration-condensation reaction using various amount of ethylene glycol (0 to 40 mol% based on glycerolamount). Then the condensed product was thermally decomposed in air twice to obtain surface carbon-free precursor powder. The crystalline phases and surface functional groups of the material was characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR and TGA. Addition of ethylene glycol offered a new organic sites and comparatively, reduced pyrolysis temperature from 700 to 650 oC. The complete formation of crystalline B4C powder was achieved at 1475 oC within 2.5 h, which is among the shortest timereported for B4C synthesis

Apoptosis induction by alantolactone in breast cancer MDA-MB- 231 cells through reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrion-dependent pathway

Li Cui,Weiquan Bu,Jie Song,Liang Feng,Tingting Xu,Dan Liu,Wenbo Ding,Jianhua Wang,Changyang Li,Binge Ma,Yi Luo,Ziyu Jiang,Chengcheng Wang,Juan Chen,Jian Hou,Hong-mei Yan,Lei Yang,Xiao-bin Jia 대한약학회 2018 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.41 No.3

Alantolactone is a sesquiterpene lactone isolatedfrom Inula helenium L. Although alantolactone possessesanti-inflammation and apoptosis-induction activities, theunderlying mechanism of anti-cancer effect on humanbreast cancer cells remains largely unknown. In this study,we explored the possibility of alantolactone as an apoptosis-inducing cytotoxic agent using MDA-MB-231 cells asin vitro model. Alantolactone significantly induced itsapoptosis, demonstrated by cell cycle analysis, annexinV-APC/7-AAD double staining and dUTP nick end labeling. Additionally, alantolactone triggered the mitochondrial-mediated caspase cascade apoptotic pathway, whichwas confirmed by increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, loss of MMP,release of cytc from mitochondria to cytoplasm, activationof caspase 9/3, and subsequent cleavage of PARP. Z-VADFMKpartially prevented apoptosis induced by alantolactone. Alantolactone provoked the production of ROS, whileNAC (a scavenger of ROS) reversed alantolactone-mediateddepolarization of MMP and apoptosis. Alantolactonemodulated the activities of MAPKs. As expected, cotreatmentwith SB203580, SP600125 or U0126 could reducedthe apoptotic rate. Furthermore, alantolactone decreasedthe protein expressions of p-NF-kB p65 and p-STAT3,increased p-c-Jun level in a dose-dependent manner. Thesefindings suggested that alantolactone possessed anticanceractivity via ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunctioninvolving MAPK pathway, and had an effect on the transcriptionfactors of NF-kB, AP-1 and STAT3.

Antiarrhythmic effects of ginsenoside Rg2 on calcium chloride-induced arrhythmias without oral toxicity

Dongxia Gou,Xuejing Pei,Jiao Wang,Yue Wang,Chenxing Hu,Chengcheng Song,Sisi Cui,Yifa Zhou 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.5

Background: Malignant arrhythmias require drug therapy. However, most of the currently available antiarrhythmic drugs have significant side effects. Ginsenoside Rg2 exhibits excellent cardioprotective effects and appears to be a promising candidate for cardiovascular drug development. So far, the oral toxicity and antiarrhythmic effects of Rg2 have not been evaluated. Methods: Acute oral toxicity of Rg2 was assessed by the Limit Test method in mice. Subchronic oral toxicity was determined by repeated dose 28-day toxicity study in rats. Antiarrhythmic activities of Rg2 were evaluated in calcium chloride-induced arrhythmic rats. Antiarrhythmic mechanism of Rg2 was investigated in arrhythmic rats and H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Results: The results of toxicity studies indicated that Rg2 exhibited no single-dose (10 g/kg) acute oral toxicity. And 28-day repeated dose treatment with Rg2 (1.75, 3.5 and 5 g/kg/d) demonstrated minimal, if any, subchronic toxicity. Serum biochemical examination showed that total cholesterol in the high-dose cohort was dramatically decreased, whereas prothrombin time was increased at Day 28, suggesting that Rg2 might regulate lipid metabolism and have a potential anticoagulant effect. Moreover, pretreatment with Rg2 showed antiarrhythmic effects on the rat model of calcium chloride induced arrhythmia, in terms of the reduced duration time, mortality, and incidence of malignant arrhythmias. The antiarrhythmic mechanism of Rg2 might be the inhibition of calcium influx through L-type calcium channels by suppressing the phosphorylation of Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Conclusion: Our findings support the development of Rg2 as a promising antiarrhythmic drug with fewer side effects for clinical use.