Soil treatment using microbial biopolymers for anti-desertification purposes

Chang, I.,Prasidhi, A.K.,Im, J.,Shin, H.D.,Cho, G.C. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2015 Geoderma Vol.253 No.-

Desertification and soil degradation are becoming more serious due to global warming and concurrent extreme climate events. Although anti-desertification efforts have been mounted worldwide, most undertakings have shown poor performance because of failure to consider soil and geotechnical aspects. Soil erosion is accelerated by reductions in soil cohesion and water retention due to the transfer of fine particles from the original ground. Thus, soil internal cohesion must be recovered to ensure effective and reliable anti-desertification attempts. In this study, soil treatment using biopolymers is suggested as an alternative method to prevent soil erosion and for revitalization, taking into consideration engineering and environmental aspects. Even as a relatively small part of the soil mass (i.e., 0.5-1.0%), biopolymers in soil have the positive potential to significantly reduce the erodibility of soil by enhancing inter-particle cohesion. Moreover, biopolymer treatment also improves both vegetation germination and soil water retention characteristics against evaporation, and therefore can provide suitable environments for plants and crops used as a desertification countermeasure in arid and semi-arid regions where annual precipitation is limited. We suggest combining biopolymers with pre-existing anti-desertification efforts (e.g., afforestation and windbreaks) on desert fronts (i.e., boundaries between arid and semi-arid regions) for best efficiency.

무창돈사의 환경제어 시스템 개발(Ⅱ) : 자돈과 육성돈의 사양성적 Growth Performance of Weaned Piglets and Growing Pigs

장동일,장홍희,임영일,박창식,이봉덕,이형석 한국농업기계학회 1999 바이오시스템공학 Vol.24 No.5

Limiting Concentrate during Growing Period Affect Performance and Gene Expression of Hepatic Gluconeogenic Enzymes and Visfatin in Korean Native Beef Calves

Chang, S.S.,Lohakare, J.D.,Singh, N.K.,Kwon, E.G.,Nejad, J.G.,Sung, K.I.,Hong, S.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.2

This study elucidated the effects of limited concentrate feeding on growth, plasma profile, and gene expression of gluconeogenic enzymes and visfatin in the liver of Hanwoo beef calves. The purpose of this study was to test that reducing the amount of concentrate would partially be compensated by increasing the intake of forage and by altering the metabolic status. The study utilized 20 Korean native beef calves (Hanwoo; 60 to 70 d of age) divided into two groups of 10 calves each for 158 d. Control group calves received the amount of concentrate as per the established Korean feeding standards for Hanwoo, whereas calves in the restricted group only received half the amount of concentrate as per standard requirements. Good quality forage (Timothy hay) was available for ad libitum consumption to both groups. Since calves were with their dam until 4 months of age in breeding pens before weaning, the intake of milk before weaning was not recorded, however, the concentrate and forage intakes were recorded daily. Body weights (BW) were recorded at start and on 10 d interval. Blood samples were collected at start and at 50 d interval. On the final day of the experiment, liver biopsies were collected from all animals in each group. The BW was not different between the groups at all times, but tended to be higher (p = 0.061) only at final BW in control than restricted group. Total BW gain in the control group was 116.2 kg as opposed to 84.1 kg in restricted group that led to average BW gain of 736 g/d and 532 g/d in respective groups, and the differences were significant (p<0.01). As planned, the calves in the control group had higher concentrate and lower forage intake than the restricted group. The plasma variables like total protein and urea were higher (p<0.05) in control than restricted group. The mRNA expressions for the gluconeogenic enzymes such as cytosolic phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) and pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1), and visfatin measured by quantitative real-time PCR in liver biopsies showed higher expression (p<0.05) in restricted group than control. Overall, restricting concentrate severely reduced the growth intensity and affected few plasma indices, and gene expression in liver was increased indicating that restricting concentrate in the feeding schemes during early growth for beef calves is not advocated.

Simulation of Rough Rice Drying by Natural Air(Ⅰ)

Chang, D. I.,Chung, D. S.,Pfost, H. B.,Calderwood, D. L. 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1983 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.10 No.1

Simulation model of natural air grain drying was discussed and modified to predict the changes of grain moisture content and dry matter loss of rough rice drying. The modified simulation model was then validated using actual test data. A series of simulated drying tests using official weather data for 15 years from Beaumont, Texas, was taken to make minimum airflow rate and maximum bed depth of rough rice drying by natural air, under different conditions of initial moisture content of rough rice, airflow rate and harvest date.

Geoacoustic provinces of the South Sea shelf off Korea

Kim, D.C.,Kim, G.Y.,Yi, H.I.,Seo, Y.K.,Lee, G.S.,Jung, J.H.,Chang Kim, J. Pergamon Press 2012 QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL Vol.263 No.-

In order to characterize geoacoustic provinces of the South Sea shelf of Korea, sediment texture, physical, and geoacoustic properties (p-wave velocity) were measured and calculated based on approximately 350 core samples collected from the study area. The empirical relationship between mean grain size and velocity suggested by Hamilton was used for calculation of p-wave velocity. The inner shelf sediments of the South Sea are characterized by Holocene muddy sediments derived from nearby rivers (i.e., mostly supplied from Nakdong and Seomjin rivers near the Korean shore), whereas the outer shelf areas are dominated by Quaternary sediments (e.g., relict sediments, due to a rising of sea level during the Quaternary) depending on seafloor bathymetry. In this study, the seafloor of the South Sea shelf is differentiated into 4 provinces based on sediment properties (esp. mean grain size and velocity). Province I consisted of muddy sediments affected directly by the Nakdong and Seomjin Rivers discharge. Province II was covered by the sediments transported from two rivers. Province III is marked by mixed Holocene fine materials and coarse Pleistocene materials. Province IV is dominated by relict sediments characterized by Pleistocene coarse sandy materials. Mean grain size, velocity, and wet bulk density increase from Province I (>7.4o, 1515 m/s, and 1.52 g/cm<SUP>3</SUP>, respectively) through Province II (5.4o, 1597 m/s, and 1.69 g/cm<SUP>3</SUP>) to Province III (2.9o, 1766 m/s, and 2.0 g/cm<SUP>3</SUP>). Porosity, on the other hand, exhibits an opposite trend, decreasing from Province I (71.3%) to Province II (60.3%) and decreasing significantly in Province III (44.6%). Province IV is characterized by the highest velocity (1979 m/s average) and the coarsest material (2.1o). Nevertheless the values of physical properties such as wet bulk density, porosity, and density lie between Province II and III.

Measurements of branching fractions of leptonic and hadronic $ D_s^{+} $ meson decays and extraction of the $ D_s^{+} $ meson decay constant

Zupanc, A.,Adachi, I.,Aihara, H.,Arinstein, K.,Asner, D. M.,Aushev, T.,Bakich, A. M.,Bala, A.,Bhuyan, B.,Bonvicini, G.,Bozek, A.,Brad,ko, M.,Brodzicka, J.,Browder, T. E.,Chang, M.-C.,Chang, P.,Ch Springer-Verlag 2013 Journal of high energy physics Vol.2013 No.9

Landau-level mixing, floating-up extended states, and scaling behavior in a GaAs-based two-dimensional electron system containing self-assembled InAs dots

Liu, Chieh-Wen,Liu, Chieh-I,Liang, C-T,Kim, Gil-Ho,Huang, C F,Hang, D R,Chang, Y H,Ritchie, D A Institute of Physics 2017 Semiconductor science and technology Vol.32 No.8

<P>Temperature-driven flow lines are studied in the conductivity plane in a GaAs-based two-dimensional electron system containing self-assembled InAs dots when Landau level filling factor <I>ν</I> = 2-4. In the insulator-quantum Hall (I-QH) transition resulting from the floating-up of the extended states, the flow diagram shows the critical behavior and we observed the expected semicircle in the strongest disorder case. By decreasing the effective disorder, we find that such flow lines can leave the I-QH regime and correspond to the plateau–plateau transition between <I>ν</I> = 4 and 2. The evolution of the conductivity curve at low magnetic fields demonstrates the importance of Landau-level mixing to the semicircle when the extended states float up.</P>

Peroxiredoxin II promotes hepatic tumorigenesis through cooperation with Ras/Forkhead box M1 signaling pathway

Park, Y-H,Kim, S-U,Kwon, T-H,Kim, J-M,Song, I-S,Shin, H-J,Lee, B-K,Bang, D-H,Lee, S-J,Lee, D-S,Chang, K-T,Kim, B-Y,Yu, D-Y Macmillan Publishers Limited 2016 Oncogene Vol.35 No.27

<P>The current study was carried out to define the involvement of Peroxiredoxin (Prx) II in progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying molecular mechanism(s). Expression and function of Prx II in HCC was determined using H-ras(G12V)-transformed HCC cells (H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells) and the tumor livers from H-ras(G12V)-transgenic (Tg) mice and HCC patients. Prx II was upregulated in H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells and H-ras(G12V)-Tg mouse tumor livers, the expression pattern of which highly similar to that of forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1). Moreover, either knockdown of FoxM1 or site-directed mutagenesis of FoxM1-binding site of Prx II promoter significantly reduced Prx II levels in H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells, indicating FoxM1 as a direct transcription factor of Prx II in HCC. Interestingly, the null mutation of Prx II markedly decreased the number and size of tumors in H-ras(G12V)-Tg livers. Consistent with this, knockdown of Prx II in H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells reduced the expression of cyclin D1, cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and tumor formation in athymic nude mice, whereas overexpression of Prx II increased or aggravated the tumor phenotypes. Importantly, the expression of Prx II was correlated with that of FoxM1 in HCC patients. The activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway and the expression of FoxM1 and cyclin D1 were highly dependent on Prx II in H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells and H-ras(G12V)-Tg livers. Prx II is FoxM1-dependently- expressed antioxidant in HCC and function as an enhancer of Ras(G12V) oncogenic potential in hepatic tumorigenesis through activation of ERK/FoxM1/cyclin D1 cascade.</P>

後軀痲痺犬의 電鍼治療에 關한 硏究

張京鎭,尹和重,鄭仁虎,李東熙 건국대학교 동물자원연구센터 1992 動物資源硏究誌 Vol.17 No.-

This study undertaken in order investigate the effects of electro-acupuncture for the dogs with traumatic paralysis of hindquarters. The kind of dogs with paralysis of hindquarters used in this study were 12 bilaterals, 5 right sides, and 4 left sides, but all dogs were without bone injury on X-ray. Electro-acupuncture was performed with a current of 2-4 Volts and 25Hz at the acupuncture point of Tchuk-Joong(positive), Back-Hoe(negative), and Sam-Eum Kyo(negative) for 25-30 minutes a day. The definition of "effectiveness" was stand up alone, "ineffectiveness" was impossible to stand up alone. 1. The 21 cases appyling electro-acupuncture resulted in 14 effectiveness(67%) and 7 ineffectiveness(33%). 2. It was judged that the combination of acupuncture points to Tchuk-Joong, Back-Hoe, and Sam-Eum Kyo was effective for the dogs with paralysis of hindquarters. 3. It was recognized that the effects of electro-acupuncture was good in the traumatic neurologic disturbance without bone injury.

강자성체 박막(Co-Ni)의 자기-저항 효과에 관한 연구(III)

張忠根,金英日,孫大洛 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1994 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.5 No.1

To manufacture low field magnetic sensor using magnetoresistance(MR) effects, we deposite thin layers 600Å of thickness Ni-Co(0.7Ni-0.3Co) alloy on slide glasses. In the layers we ordered 4 aims of the fullbridge sensors in the shape of grid structure be inclined at an angle of 45° to main axis and made increase the areal rate to 67%. While the response characteristic of the fabricated sensors had good linearity in the magnetic field of ±0.5 mT ranges, the white noise was -73.8 dB and the resolution -85.0 dB.