Comparison of Reproductive Parameters of Sow at the Rural Areas of Rangamati District of Bangladesh

Sumen Chakma1a,Pantu Kumar Roy,Ashit Kumar Paul,M. Golam Shahi Alam,Nasrin Sultana Juyena 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2014 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.29 No.3

It is imperative to know the reproductive parameters of the existing swine breed for profitable farming in Bangladesh. This study was designed to determine the reproductive parameters of sows at hilly areas. A total of 245 pigs with47 breedable sows were included. The data on age at puberty, oestrous cycle length, oestrus duration, gestation length,interval between furrowing and onset of oestrus, first service pregnancy rate, service per pregnancy and number ofpiglets born per sow in local and cross bred sows were determined. The present study revealed that age at pubertyof local and cross breed sows was 232.5 ± 8.4, 221.3 ± 6.9 days, respectively. Oestrous duration was 41.1 ± 3.1 hours. The interval between furrowing and onset of oestrus was shorter in cross bred sows. There was no variation in valuesof oestrus cycle length and gestation length. The first service pregnancy rate was higher in both the local and crossbred sow. Number of piglets per sow per farrowing was 6.1 ± 2.2 and 60.9% local sows gave birth of 3 to 5 pigletsper farrowing whereas 75.0% cross bred sows gave birth of 6 to 9 piglets. These results suggest that reproductiveparameters of local sow need to be improved for better production, and cross bred sows should be reared for obtainingexpected productivity.

Comparison of Reproductive Parameters of Sow at the Rural Areas of Rangamati District of Bangladesh

Chakma, Sumen,Roy, Pantu Kumar,Paul, Ashit Kumar,Alam, M. Golam Shahi,Juyena, Nasrin Sultana The Korean Society of Embryo Transfer 2014 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.29 No.3

It is imperative to know the reproductive parameters of the existing swine breed for profitable farming in Bangladesh. This study was designed to determine the reproductive parameters of sows at hilly areas. A total of 245 pigs with 47 breedable sows were included. The data on age at puberty, oestrous cycle length, oestrus duration, gestation length, interval between furrowing and onset of oestrus, first service pregnancy rate, service per pregnancy and number of piglets born per sow in local and cross bred sows were determined. The present study revealed that age at puberty of local and cross breed sows was $232.5{\pm}8.4$, $221.3{\pm}6.9$ days, respectively. Oestrous duration was $41.1{\pm}3.1$ hours. The interval between furrowing and onset of oestrus was shorter in cross bred sows. There was no variation in values of oestrus cycle length and gestation length. The first service pregnancy rate was higher in both the local and cross bred sow. Number of piglets per sow per farrowing was $6.1{\pm}2.2$ and 60.9% local sows gave birth of 3 to 5 piglets per farrowing whereas 75.0% cross bred sows gave birth of 6 to 9 piglets. These results suggest that reproductive parameters of local sow need to be improved for better production, and cross bred sows should be reared for obtaining expected productivity.

Comparison of Reproductive Parameters of Sow at the Rural Areas of Rangamati District of Bangladesh

Chakma, Sumen,Roy, Pantu Kumar,Paul, Ashit Kumar,Alam, M. Golam Shahi,Juyena, Nasrin Sultana 한국수정란이식학회 2014 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.29 No.3

It is imperative to know the reproductive parameters of the existing swine breed for profitable farming in Bangladesh. This study was designed to determine the reproductive parameters of sows at hilly areas. A total of 245 pigs with 47 breedable sows were included. The data on age at puberty, oestrous cycle length, oestrus duration, gestation length, interval between furrowing and onset of oestrus, first service pregnancy rate, service per pregnancy and number of piglets born per sow in local and cross bred sows were determined. The present study revealed that age at puberty of local and cross breed sows was 232.5±8.4, 221.3±6.9 days, respectively. Oestrous duration was 41.1±3.1 hours. The interval between furrowing and onset of oestrus was shorter in cross bred sows. There was no variation in values of oestrus cycle length and gestation length. The first service pregnancy rate was higher in both the local and cross bred sow. Number of piglets per sow per farrowing was 6.1±2.2 and 60.9% local sows gave birth of 3 to 5 piglets per farrowing whereas 75.0% cross bred sows gave birth of 6 to 9 piglets. These results suggest that reproductive parameters of local sow need to be improved for better production, and cross bred sows should be reared for obtaining expected productivity.

The Peacebuilding of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT), Bangladesh: Donor-Driven or Demand-Driven?

( Anurug Chakma ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2017 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.5 No.2

The decade-long low-intensity armed conflict in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) that surfaced soon after the independence of Bangladesh (1971) due to the failure of the state-building project ended with the CHT Accord which was signed in 1997 between the government of Bangladesh and the Parbattya Chattagram Jana Sanhati Samiti (PCJSS). This study uses qualitative research methods to explore the fundamental research question of who is in the driver’s seat of the post-accord CHT peacebuilding process. A mostly top-down approach to peacebuilding has been used in the CHT due to an entirely donor-driven peacebuilding partnership between local and international stakeholders. Under this asymmetric power structure, the marginalization of local ownership is expected to produce unintended results in the peace process.

Flow behavior and performance analysis of Annular Centrifugal Contactor for liquid–liquid separation: A numerical study

Palash Chakma,조굉무,전준호,이연원 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2022 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.46 No.4

Liquid–liquid separation is a process of separating two liquids based on their relative solubility; however, separating two liquids with a slight density difference is difficult because of interfacial forces. A newly designed annular centrifugal contactor (ACC) with a funnel–type weir zone was investigated numerically to analyze the flow fields and separation performance of two liquids with slight density differences, such as palm oil and water. Ansys CFX was used to simulate unsteady, turbulent, multiphase flows in the ACC. The simulation was performed using the Eulerian–Eulerian method, in which a homogeneous k–ɛ turbulence model with a scalable wall function is used. The sliding mesh method was adopted to solve the rotational effect of the stator rotor. A detailed para-metric analysis of mixing and separation based on the liquid density difference, angular velocity, and inlet velocity of the mixture variations was performed. The oil quality and separation efficiency were calculated at the oil outlet to analyze the performance of the ACC rotor. The results show that oil quality increases with increasing angular and inlet velocities but decreases with an increasing liquid density difference. Moreover, the oil separation efficiency decreases with increasing angular and inlet velocities but increases with an increasing liquid density difference. Maximum oil quality and separation efficiencies of approximately 99% and 79%, respec-tively, were obtained at the oil outlet. Finally, it can be concluded that the two liquids with a slight density difference can be adequately separated using the newly designed ACC.

Solubility enhancement of celecoxib using solidified Tween 80 for the formulation of tablet dosage forms

Suharto Chakma,Prakash Khadka,조강희,김형민,노지은,박경희,Sandeep Karki,Sonia Barua,이재휘 한국약제학회 2015 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.45 No.5

Celecoxib is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis, and several other inflammatory disorders. It is a class II compound according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System owing to its low water solubility and high membrane permeability. The objective of this study was to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of celecoxib using solid surfactant technology that might be useful in developing solid dosage forms. Solid surfactant was developed by mixing and grinding together a liquid surfactant (Tween 80) with various inorganic carriers like FujicalinⓇ (Dibasic Calcium Phosphate Anhydrous), PineflowⓇ (Porous-structured Maltodextrin), NeusilinⓇ (Magnesium Alumino metasilicate) and AerosilⓇ (Colloidal Silicon dioxide) in a mortar and pestle in different ratios of liquid surfactant and the carrier to obtain solid surfactants. The celecoxib tablets prepared with solid surfactants were then evaluated for their solubility and dissolution properties. Among the fillers used, Fujicalin showed the highest solubilization capacity for celecoxib. The dissolution behaviors of various tablets prepared with solidified surfactants were compared to those of conventional celecoxib tablets in a simulated gastric fluid. Celecoxib tablets prepared using solidified surfactants showed improved dissolution behaviors when compared to the conventional counterparts. Fujicalin solidified Tween 80 was further analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry thermographs and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography.

Synthesis of bi-metallic oxides nanotubes for fast removal of dye using adsorption and sonocatalysis process

Sankar Chakma,Vijayanand S. Moholkar 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.37 No.-

In this study, ultrasound-assisted synthesis of bi-metallic oxides nanotubes (ZnO–TiO2 NTs) using sol–gel method followed by hydrothermal method is reported. Essentially, an attempt was made toinvestigate the simultaneous adsorption and sonocatalysis process for fast removal of dye using ZnO–TiO2 NTs. The results of characterization revealed that ZnO–TiO2 NTs were hollow nanotubular structurein shape with tube diameter of 10 nm and open ended. It has large specific surface area of 336.9 m2/g ascompared to ZnO (30.5 m2/g) and TiO2 (12.3 m2/g). The band-gap energy of NTs is 2.95 eV which is muchlower than the pure ZnO (3.18 eV) and TiO2 nanoparticles (3.15 eV). Activity of ZnO–TiO2 NTs wasassessed using decolorization process as model reaction system involving adsorption and sonocatalysisprocesses. The results were also compared with their counterparts, viz. ZnO and TiO2. Experimentalresults revealed that large specific surface area and surface charges on ZnO–TiO2 NTs promote theadsorption efficiency, while the high pore volume helps dye molecules to diffuse rapidly during thesonocatalysis process. Approximately, 97% of decolorization was achieved within 10 min of treatmentwith sonocatalysis process. These experimental results presented in this paper could form a useful toolfor further research in degradation of other bio-recalcitrant pollutants using ZnO–TiO2 NTs.

Is NGO Peacebuilding Risk-Free? A Case Study on Bangladesh

( Anurug Chakma ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2019 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.7 No.2

The official end of armed hostilities between insurgents and the Bangladesh military in 1997, post-conflict development interventions by international donors and the Government of Bangladesh, along with a greater emphasis on local ownership over peacebuilding interventions, as expressed in the Rangamati Declaration (1998), have given birth to the onset of NGO peacebuilding in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT). This article argues that the aid flow has not only transformed community-based organizations into project-based local NGOs, but has also bred a new generation of profit-oriented and donor-driven local NGOs. This article concludes that NGO implementation of development projects and advocacy for human rights, despite being mostly effective in its identification of local needs, is severely affected by three major risk factors: legitimacy, security, and sustainability.

Mechanistic analysis of sono-photolysis degradation of carmoisine

Sankar Chakma,Vijayanand S. Moholkar 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.33 No.-

The hybrid advanced oxidation process (AOP) of sono-photolysis, in which sonication and photolysis(UV-C/H2O2) are applied simultaneously, is known to give effective degradation of several biorecalcitrantpollutants. This study has attempted to identify the links and interactions between themechanisms of individual AOPs of sonolysis and photolysis, when applied simultaneously. Experimentalresults have been analyzed concurrently with the simulations of cavitation bubble dynamics. It isrevealed that oxidizing ( OH) radicals generated through photolysis contribute mostly to degradationreactions. Due to highly sporadic nature of transient cavitation, the contribution of sonolysis todegradation is rather subordinate as compared to photolysis. Nonetheless, faster degradation and highermineralization in sono-photolysis, as compared to photolysis alone, essentially points at supportive roleof ultrasound in the hybrid AOP. Addition of electrolytes (or salt) to the reaction mixture during sonophotolysistreatment causes effective partitioning of the pollutant molecules in the interfacial region oftransient cavitation bubble, which results in further enhancement of degradation kinetics andmineralization. Although the present study has employed Carmoisine as model pollutant, themechanistic principles identified in this study, and their manifestations in terms of degradation/mineralization of pollutants are applicable to any other bio-recalcitrant pollutant.

Numerical investigation on incompressible fluid flow and heat transfer of porous media using Lattice Boltzmann method

Palash Chakma,Yeon Won Lee 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2021 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.45 No.4