한국선도의 지감·조식·금촉 수행 전통으로 바라본 ‘선교’의 제천수행

조채영 ( Cho¸ Chae Young ) 국제뇌교육종합대학원 국학연구원 2021 선도문화 Vol.31 No.-

한국선도는 모든 존재의 시작을 ‘기(氣)’로 보았고, 기의 움직임에 의하여 현상계가 만들어졌다는 기학적세계관을 가졌다. 기학적세계관은 기를 느낄 수 있어야 했기에 한국선도는 기를 느낄 수 있는 수행이 사상에 우선하였고, 매우 중시되었다. 그래서 한국선도의 수행은 ‘기수행’이라 하며, 한국선도 문화는 기수행을 근간으로 한다. 한국선도의 기수행은 근원의 생명력을 회복하고자 하는 수행자의 간절한 마음(중단전)이 우주에 편만히 존재하는 존재 본질의 기를 인체로 불러들여 수행자 내기의 순도변화를 일으키는 방식으로 진행된다. 이러한 한국선도 수행에 대하여 선도 경전 『삼일신고』에서는 ‘지감·조식·금촉’으로 정리하고 있다. 한국선도 수행법 중 가장 대표적인 것은 제천의례로, 최근 중국 요서 지역에서 발굴된 홍산문화기 유물과 유적을 통해 그 신격과 성격이 밝혀지고 있다. 한국선도 제천의 신격은 모든 존재를 있게 한 원리이자 법칙인 기로 바라볼 수 있으며, 제천의례의 성격 역시 존재 본질의 기를 만나기 위한 수행으로 정리된다. 따라서 제천의례는 의례의 형식을 가졌으나 본질은 수행임을 뜻하며, 큰 범주 안에서 존재 본질의 기, 근원의 생명력과 합일이 되기 위한 수행은 모두 제천이다. 선교의 창교주이자 도전인 만월 손정은은 선교의 신은 인격신이 아니며, 모든 생명의 근원인 ‘기’로, ‘나’라는 개체는 여기에서 나왔기에 양자는 연결되어 있다고 하였다. 그리고 이것을 선도수행을 통해 느끼고 만나는 것을 신인합일이라 하였다. 만월은 선교 수행의 방법을 지감ㆍ조식ㆍ금촉으로 정리하였는데, 개별적이고 별도의 작용이 아니라 종합적이고 합일적인 작용임을 밝혔다. 선교 수행은 ‘천제’라고 불려지는 제천의례를 그 대표로 둔다. ‘천제’의 신격과 그 성격을 살펴보면, 신격은 ‘불광하느님’으로 불광신명ㆍ불광신불ㆍ불광선인의 세 가지 모습으로 나타난다고 하였는데 이들은 각각 존재의 본질을 이루는 기, 그 기가 사람 속에 내재 되어있는 신성, 수행을 통해 양자가 합일된 역사 속의 선인을 말한다. 그중 개체의 생명력을 뜻하는 신성이 포함되어 있다는 것은 선교 천제가 신인합일을 위한 수행임을 보여주는 것이다. 따라서 선교의 제천의례인 ‘천제’는 수행적 성격을 가지고 있으며, 나아가 수행자 내면의 근원의 생명력을 깨우기 위한 모든 수행을 천제라 보아 선교수행의 제천일원화 경향을 보여준다. 이러한 성격은 그 구체적인 수행법들에서도 나타난다. 구체적인 수행법인 절수행, 불광활법 수행, 불광성언 수행 모두 존재 근원의 생명력이 백회혈을 통하여 인체로 들어와서 신성과 만나는 신인합일의 기수행이었다. 이상의 내용으로 보아 선교의 수행은 한국선도 수행의 현대적 계승형태에 다름 아니다. Korean SunDo regarded the beginning of all the existences as ‘Ki’. And it had the world view that this phenomenal world had been made by movement of ‘Ki’. In order to have the world view of ‘Ki’, we have to be able to feel ‘Ki’, So in Korean SunDo, the discipline to feel ‘Ki’ was prior to the thought and valued very much. Therefore Korean SunDo’s discipline is called ‘Ki discipline’, on which Korean SunDo culture is based. SunDo scripture _SamIlShinGo_arranged Korean SunDo discipline as ‘JiGam·JoShik·GeumChok’. The most representative discipline of Korean SunDo is the heaven ritual. Lately the fact that the godhead of heaven ritual had been ‘Ki’ and its character had been discipline was revealed by relics and remains of HungShan Culture in Liaoxi area of China. SunGyo, a national religion also has the same world view with Korean SunDo, counting discipline a lot. The discipline of SunGyo is also ‘Ki’ discipline, and it follows JiGamㆍJoShikㆍGeumChok discipline of Korean SunDo tradition. Its representative discipline is the heaven ritual called ‘ChunJe(天祭)’, of which the godhead is ‘BulGwangHaNeuNim’. ‘BulGwangHaNeuNim’ manifests itself in 3 figures-BulGwangShinMyungㆍ BulGwangShinBulㆍBulGwangSunIn which respectively mean ‘Ki’ the real substance of being, the divinity that ‘Ki’ exists within humans and historical persons SunIn(仙人, SunDo master) who united the one and the other through discipline. That the divinity meaning an individual’s vitality is included shows the heaven ritual of SunGyo is the discipline for divine-human unity. Thus the character of ‘ChunJe(天祭)’ is discipline. The concrete discipline methods of SunGyo such as JeolSuHaeng(bowing discipline), BulGwangHwalBub, BulGwangSungEon are all ‘Ki’ disciplines for divine-human unity. So far the discipline of SunGyo can be accounted as that of modernized type of Korean SunDo inherited.

Predicting family-wide consensus sequence of pre-mRNA splicing signals in legumes and their potential utility as phylogenetic markers

Chaeyoung Lee,Daejin Hyung,Jinhyun Kim,Dongwoon Yu,Jeonghoon Park,Meejin Kim,Hyun-A So,Eunsook Jeong,Howon Chung,Youngsoo Chung,Dohoon Kim,Jaihun Lee,Hongkyu Choi 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07

For purposes of studying intron structures and predicting consensus splice motifs, a total of 102 legume species were used to isolate introns across the family. Of 196 gene-targeted PCR primer pairs, we successfully amplified 118 intron-containing genes (60.2%) and obtained a total of 1,870 introns with an average size of 143 nucleotides. Species-based compilation of 5’- and 3’-splicing motifs showed lineage-specific conservation in each splicing motif. Compilation of the entire intron set permitted prediction of the consensus sequences of splicing signal motifs in legumes, AYGWGTABABGH and TVNC/TAGGHTV for the 5’- and 3’-splicing motifs, respectively. Interestingly, these consensus motifs are very similar to the corresponding splicing signals of two model systems, Arabidopsis and rice. This result is suggestive of conservation of pre-mRNA splicing mechanisms in higher plants. Multiple alignments of CALTL introns demonstrated that the region from the branch point to 3’ splice site was relatively more conserved than the region from5’ splice site to the branch point. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that each of three splicing motifs, 5’-splice sites, 3’-splice sits, and branch site, was relevant to evolutionary divergence of species and phylogenetically informative, suggesting that splice signal sequences would be useful as a potential tool for the molecular phylogenetic analysis.

Automatic Positioning System for Maintenance of CCTV Camera

Chaeyoung Moon,Semin Kim,Kwangki Ryoo 한국정보통신학회 2018 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE Vol.10 No.1

In order to maintain a CCTV camera installed in a high place, it is necessary to work with a ladder or a high place operation car by two or more workers. However, these maintenance methods require labor costs for two or three people and additional vehicle rents, and preparation time for road control and ladder installation for the work. In addition, work in high places has the risk of falling accidents. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes system for raising and lowering the CCTV camera installed at a high place. The system consists of three parts. First, the driving part for controlling the motor for camera movement is designed. Second, the sensing part that detects the position of the camera and the motor current is designed. Finally, the control part processes the signal of wired/wireless remote controller and controls the system. Through this, it is expected that the maintenance work of the camera can be performed safely on the ground, and the economical and time efficiency of the work will be improved as well.

Development of the Measuring System for the Executive Functions in a Virtual Kitchen Environment

Chaeyoung Jeon(전채영),Jieun Han(한지은),Hojin Choi(최호진),Prie Yannick,Toinon Vigier,Samuel Bluteau,Gyuhyun Kwon(권규현) 대한인간공학회 2020 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.10

Objective: The aim is to develop a system that can measure the executive functions in daily life away from the classical executive functions measurement system. Background: The Tower of London test, one of the classics of executive functions tests, is mainly used to measure planning. Although it is available for all ages and has the advantage of being able to analyze various factors, it also has the same disadvantages as many accompanying sub-tests. Thus, we improved and developed a Measuring System for the Executive Functions in Virtual Kitchen Environment. Design: The system has a scenario like "You have to clean up the kitchen before your friend comes.!" On the kitchen table is a post-it with the name of the kitchenware, and various kitchenware. Users should clean up the kitchen as soon as possible and ticktack sounds are played to make the situation aware. The Data collect the number of movements (grab, release times), the time is taken, the moving distance in the kitchen, data on the trajectory of the hand, and the number of matches between words and objects. Results: An expert evaluation was conducted. The advantage of being able to measure planning in daily life from a medical perspective and the proper VR environment setting from an HCI perspective have been verified. Conclusion: Development of the measuring system for the executive functions in a virtual kitchen environment is of significance to be able to measure executive functions based on actual daily life. Application: This work was supported by Institute for Information & Communications Technology Promotion(IITP) grant funded by the Korean Government(MSIP) (No. 2019-0-01569, Development of VR and IoT-based Systems for Evaluation of Embodied Cognition)

Thermal decarboxylation of acidic cannabinoids in Cannabis species : Identification of neutral cannabinoids by UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS

Chaeyoung Seo,Minsun Jung,Soohyang Noh,Mansoo Cho,Yong Sup Lee,Jongki Hong 한국분석과학회 2022 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.5

Cross-species translation of abiotic stress-responsive genes between Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula.

Chaeyoung Lee,Daejin Hyung,Jinhyun Kim,Dongwoon Yu,Yejin Jo,Jusuk Park,Eunji Kwon,Hongkyu Choi 한국육종학회 2013 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2013 No.07

Cross-species translation of genomic information may play a crucial role in applying biological knowledge gained from one species to other genomes. To screen and identify a broad range of abiotic stress-responsive genes, we employed a diverse array of resources, including Arabidopsis databases (http://www.arabidopsis.org), expression profiling data and previously reported literatures. As a result, a total of 1,377 genes were identified and classified into 18 different functional criteria based on biological processes of gene ontology. The gene set was translated into M. truncatula, which is a representative model system in the Fabaceae, by identifying orthologous genes between these two genomes with a combination of tBlastx and BlastP analyses. It is shown that approximately 82% of genes were estimated to be translated between the two genomes below the E-value of 10-30. These orthologous loci were used to construct comparative maps by developing a user-friendly analysis platform, resulting in a total of 52 synteny blocks. Furthermore, to discover central genes by which control responses to the abiotic stresses, a combination of AraNet (http://www.functionanet.org) and the Cytoscape program was used for the gene network analysis. The analysis resulted in the identification of 240 potential key genes. We anticipate that these genes may impact molecular breeding programs by discovering trait-associated SNPs followed by marker development.

Effects of Different Types of Input Repetition on a Web-based Listening Test

( Chaeyoung Mun ) 한국멀티미디어언어교육학회 2015 Multimedia Assisted Language Learning Vol.18 No.2

The present study investigated the effects of using different types of input repetition and test taking strategy on listening comprehension test performance. The participants involved in the study are 226 Korean university students and they took a 25 multiple choice format web-based listening comprehension test under four different input variants: N-RA (No-repetition, Aural), RA (Repetition Aural), N-RW (No Repetition, Written), RW (Repetition Written). In addition, the study employed a retrospective verbal protocol to examine participants`` test taking processes and discover general patterns of their strategy use. The results revealed that the repetition effect in two different modalities showed mixed results. Significant format and proficiency effects were found only in aural modality condition. Retrospective protocol showed participants in two proficiency levels seemed to perceive aural modality format as challenging task, however, high level test takers were relatively insusceptible of changes in input modality format. Regarding test takers`` attitudes on repetition, they were positive in that they felt repeating input including both listening text and item stems facilitated their comprehension and made them feel more secure and comfortable. Discussion and implications in second language education and testing are discussed.

Predicting consensus sequence of pre-mRNA splicing signals in legume family

Chaeyoung Lee,Jin-Hyun Kim,Joo-Seok Park,Hong-kyu Choi 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07

For purposes of studying intron structures and predicting consensus splice motifs, a total of 102 legume species were used to isolate introns across the family. Of 196 gene-targeted PCR primer pairs, we successfully amplified 118 intron-containing genes (60.2%) and obtained a total of 1,870 introns with an average size of 143 nucleotides. Species-based compilation of 5’- and 3’-splicing motifs showed lineage-specific conservation in each splicing motif. Compilation of the entire intron set permitted prediction of the consensus sequences of splicing signal motifs in legumes, AYGWGTABABGH and TVNC/TAGGHTV for the 5’- and 3’-splicing motifs, respectively. Interestingly, these consensus motifs are very similar to the corresponding splicing signals of two model systems, Arabidopsis and rice. This result is suggestive of conservation of pre-mRNA splicing mechanisms in higher plants. Multiple alignments of CALTL introns demonstrated that the region from the branch point to 3’ splice site was relatively more conserved than the region from5’ splice site to the branch point. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that each of three splicing motifs, 5’-splice sites, 3’-splice sits, and branch site, was relevant to evolutionary divergence of species and phylogenetically informative, suggesting that splice signal sequences would be useful as a potential tool for the molecular phylogenetic analysis.

Integration of comparative genetic maps for ten legume species using gene-based cross-species markers

Chaeyoung Lee,Daejin Hyung,Jinhyun Kim,Yejin Jo,Jusuk Park,Dongwoon Yu,Hongkyu Choi 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07

The legume family is the third largest group, including approximately 650 genera and 18,000 species, in the flowering plants and the second important crops to the Poaceae in the agricultural economy. Comparative analysis is a useful tool to understand cross-species genomic structure and alterations during organism’s evolutionary history. In this study, we constructed a composite comparative map of ten legume species, including Medicago truncatula, Medicago sativa, Lens culinaris, Pisum sativum, Lotus japonicus, Cicer arietinum, Vicia faba L, Vigna radiata, Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max. Of these species, M. truncatula, which is a representative model system, played a central role to develop the cross-genome amplifiable PCR gene markers for the purpose of transferring them to other related legume species. A total of 140 cross-species core markers were employed to analyze genomic colinearity across this broad array of legume species. The comparative map demonstrates a diverse array of evolutionary events, such as duplications, inversions and reciprocal translocations. It is anticipated that resulting maps would provide a broader insights into the lineage-specific genomic organization of these glalegoid/phaseoloid legumes, which are two clades containing almost all crop legumes of economic importance, and can further used for the molecular breeding through translating genomic information into other orphan legumes.

Collard Greens Decontamination Using Corona Discharge Plasma Jet (CDPJ) : Impact on Physico-chemical Properties

Chaeyoung Kim,Hye-Sung Park,Pradeep Puligundla,Chulkyoon Mok 한국산업식품공학회 2019 학술대회 및 심포지엄 Vol.2019 No.04