韓國學生의 姿勢形成 調査硏究

蔡鴻遠,李敏炯,申榮吉,金基學,李秀川,金正子 慶北大學校 體育科學硏究所 1990 체육과학연구지 Vol.6 No.-

In order to study the postures of Korean students, 4,448 students who lives in urban and rural community were participated as subjects and examined by using New York State Posture Rating Test Method with taking photographs. The results were subdivied into postures of body parts, total posture score, leg types, and lateral deviation and analysed as follows. 1. Postures of body parts 1) Head Tilt For elementary and middle school students, the cases of tilted head were shown more frequently in urban than rural and the ratio of the case of the tilted head was increased as grade was higher. On the other hand, high school studends had the opposite tendency. 2) Uneven Shoulder Height For elementary school childs, higher grades had better condition than lower grades, however, for high school students, those in urban had more cases of uneven shoulder than those in rural and girls showed more deviations than boys. 3) Scoliosis Rural childs had more cases of scoliosis than urban childs, but there were no differences of middle and high school students. 4) Uneven Hip Height Urban and rural childs showed some cases of uneven hip which belonged to normal ranges. Middle and high school studedns werw nearly perfect in the hip height, therefore the condition seems to change as they grow older. 5) Pronated Ankles For this part, those in rural showed better conditions than those in ruban in all age groups and, especially high school third grade students were more satisfactory in rural than urban(84% vs 50%) 6) Forward Head Elementary and middle school students appeared to be satisfactory regardless of age, sex and district, however 32% of high school girl students had forward head. 7) Round Shoulders Many students had round shoulders and some of them revealed severe conditions, There were large differences between urban and rural students. 8) Trunk Hyperextension Generally, girls showed better conditions than boys in trunk posture and, for high school boy students, conditions were differed according to their grades. 9) Sagging Abdomen More cases of sagging abdomen were revealed in ruban that rural for elementary girl students(30% vs 14%). For middle and high school students, there were differences between sex, boys showing more cases than girls in middle school and girls in high school. 10) Lordosis There were differences between urban and rural for elementary childs and high school boy students, however no differences were detected in other groups. Mean degrees of lordosis had a tendency of increasing as the age grew. 2. Total Posture Score For elementary childs, both boys and girls showed differences between urban and rural(75.95 vs 70.73, 75.16 vs 82.42), and, in rural girls seems to be more satisfactory than boys in comparison between boys and girls(p<. 001). In middle school group, rural students appeared to be significantly(p<.05) better than urban students for both sex(83.88 vs 81.93, 75.93 vs 75.02) and the result was same for the high school group(86.52 vs 84.03, 80.07 vs 78.10) 3. Leg types For elementary childs, girls revealed more cases of bowlegs and knock-knee than boys(6% vs 8.2%, 20.5% vs 30.3%). In high school group, the girls in rural showed more cases of bowlegs than those in urban(29.7% vs 13.0%) and, the knokc-knee, the result was opposite(19.3% vs 28.4%). 4. Lateral deviation 1) Head Tilt In elementary group, 11% of boys and 6.3% of girls had lateral deviation and, for high school students, 3.6% of boys and 5.4% of girls showed the deviations revealing girls had more cases of deviation than boys. 2) Uneven Shoulder Height 1.8% of elementary boys and 0.5% of girls had uneven shoulder and totally 1.5% of high school students showed uneven shoulder height. 3) Scoliosis 15.5% and 17.4% of elementary boys and 21.6% and 20.7% of girls deviated to right and left respectively. Urban students showed general trends to leftward deviation while rural students showed rightward deviation. 4) Uneven Hip Height In this part of posture, they showed good conditions in all age, sex, and district.

陳舊한 急性腦炎(日本型?)의 一部檢症例

全鍾暉,李濟九,李聖洙,池堤根 醫藥係社 1961 綜合 醫學 Vol.6 No.10

몇 種의 熱帶産蘭種子의 無菌培養에 관한 硏究 : (Effect of Activated Charcoal, Sucrose and Plant Growth Regulator Concentration on Germination and Growth) 1.活性炭, 糖濃度, 植物生長調節劑의 濃度가 發芽와 生育에 미치는 影響

李春容,蔡洙天 公州大學校 資源科學硏究所 1993 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.-

This study was conducted to detemine the optimal basal media, activated charcoal, sucrose and plant growth regulator of concentration far germinagion and growth of Cattleya and Dendrobium. The results obtained were summarized as follow; 1. The germingtion and growth of Cattleya were the best in the MS medium supplemented with 0.3% activated charcoal but the Dendrobium were the best in the MS medium not supplemented with activated charcoal. 2. The germination and growth of Cattleya and Dendrobium were the best in the MS medium supplemented with 3 to 5 perecnt sucroce. 3. The germination and growth of Catteya and Dendrobium were the best in the MS medium supplemented with 1.0 ppm NAA, shoot formation was the best in the basal MS medium supplemented with 10 ppm BA and 1.0 ppm NAA and root formation was the best 1.0 ppm BA and 10 ppm NAA.

마늘의 동결건조 과정중 ALLICIN 성분변화에 관한 연구

이명환,채수규,전문진 고려대학교 자연자원대학 1995 자연자원논집 Vol.35 No.2

AlIium속 식물인 마늘을 생것인 상태 및 이들을 통째로, 얇게 썰어서 또는 다져서 동결건조처리에 따른 allicin을 포함한 유용성분의 함량변화와 allinase의 효소활성을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 시료의 전처리 방법에 따른 allicin과 dially1 disulfide의 함량은 생 것인 상태, 통째로 및 얇게 썰어서 및 다져서 동결건조시킨 순으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 다져서 동결건조시킬때 약 35.3%의 allicin감소를 나타내었다. 2. pyruvate 함량을 시료 중량대비로 측정한 결과 생것인 상태보다는 통째로, 얇게 썰어서 및 다져서 동결건조시킨 순으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 3. 마늘의 동결건조방법에 따른 allinase 활성을 측정한 결과, 생마늘의 allinase 비활성은 7.422units/mg protein이었으며, 통째로, 다져서 및 얇게 썰어서 동결건조시킨 순으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 4. 동결건조시간 경과에 따라서 마늘을 통째로, 다져서 및 얇게 썰어서 동결건조시킬때, 수분함량이 감소하고, allinase활성은 감소한 반면에 puruvate의 함량은 증가하였으며, thiosulfinate 함량은 시간경과에 따라서 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. The purpose of this study is to investigate changes in the amount of useful compounds including and in the enzyme activities of alliinase as a result of freeze-drying treatment of garlic in whole, sliced or crushed state. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The amount of allicin and diallyl disulfide was decreased: the degree of decrease was in the order of raw, freeze-dried whole, freeze-dried sliced and freeze-dried crushed. Garlic showed 35.3% allicin decrease almost 100% when they were freeze-dried crushed 2. The amount of pyruvate was increased: the degree of increase was in the same order as above. 3. The activity of allinase was reduced as a result of freeze-drying treatment: the degree of reduction was in the order of whole, crushed and sliced. The activity of allinase in raw garlic was 7.422units/mg protein. 4. When garlic was freeze-dried as whole, crushed or sliced, the amount of water and the activity of allinase decreased while the amount of pyruvate increased as time passed. And the amount of thiosulfinate tends to decrease as time passed.

소각재 용융슬래그를 이용한 제올라이트 Na-A의 합성

장영남,채수천,배인국,류경원 한국광물학회 2005 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.18 No.1

소각재 용융슬래그를 출발물질로 하여 알카리 조건하에서 활성화시킴으로써 Na-A형 제올라이트를 합성하였다. 합성실험은 스텐레스 철재로 제작된 반응용기를 사용하였다. 출발물질은 슬래그 외에 수정인공합성 공장에서 배출되는 '규산질 수용액'과 NaA1O₂수용액을 사용하였는데, 전자의 화학조성은 SiO₂5.7 wt% Na₂O 3.2 wt%이고, 후자는 몰비가 Na₂O/A1₂O₃= 1.2와 H₂O/Na₂O=9의 조건으로 알루미늄 드로스와 NaOH 수용액을 반응시켜 제조하였다. 위에서 언급된 슬래그, '규산질 수용액' 그리고 NaAlO₂ 수용액을 혼합시킨 혼성물을 약 80℃에서 7~8시간 반응시키면 Na-A형 제올라이트가 단일상으로 합성되었다. 출발물질의 이상적인 혼합비율은 Na₂O : Al₂O₃: SiO₂의 물비가 1.3~l.4 : 0.8~0.9 : 2이었으며 반응용액과 슬래그의 비율은 1 : 7~10 (g/㏄)이었다. 합성된 제올라이트의 형태는 균일한 입방형이었으며 입도는 약 1 ㎛이었다. 한편, Ca^(²+)이온에 대한 이온교환 용량(CEC)은 180~210 meq/100 g이었으므로 통용되는 세제용 제올라이트와 비교하면 약 80% 수준이었으므로 폐수처리나 오염된 중금속처리와 같은 환경처리용으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. Na-A zeolite were synthesized from melting slag of the incinerated ash by the alkaline activation processes. The experiments were performed in stainless steel vessels, with continuous stirring during the reaction periods. The silica-rich solution, a starting material, which was the waste of crystal growth factory, contains 5.7 wt% SiO₂ and 3.2 wt% Na₂O And NaAlO₂was made by the reaction of aluminium dross and NaOH solution and its molar ratios were Na₂O/ Al₂O₃ = 1.2 and H₂O/Na₂O=9. During the residence time of 7~ 8 h at 80℃, the mixing of the silica-rich solution, NaAlO₂and melting slag yields the production of homogeneous Na-A zeolite. The optimal reactant composition in molar ratio of Na_₂O : Al₂O₃: SiO₂was 1.3~l.4 : 0.8~0.9 : 2 and mixing ratio of solution and slag was 1/7~10 (g/㏄). Synthesized Na-A zeolite has cubic form uniformly and its size ranges about 1㎛. Ca^(²+) ion exchange capacity of the Na-A was about 180~210 meq/100 g, corresponding approximately 80% to the commercial detergent builder.

마늘의 조리과정중 ALLICIN성분 변화에 관한 연구

유희중,채수규,전문진 고려대학교 자연자원대학 1995 자연자원논집 Vol.35 No.2

마늘을 삶거나 기름에 튀기거나 굽거나 또는 간장에 절이는 등의 조리과정중 이들의 유효성분인 allicin의 변화를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같았다 1. 물을 가해 100℃에서 열처리하는 삶는 조리과정에 있어서 마늘은 10분동안 가열처리로 allicin의 잔존량은 1.39ppm으로 90%이상이 급격히 감소되어 6%정도만이 잔존하였으며 20분, 30분동안 가열처리도 그 잔존량은 각각 0.78ppm, 0.46ppm 으로서 3%, 2%에 불과하였다. 2. 식용유를 120℃로 가열하여 열처리하는 튀기는 조리과정에 있어서 마늘은 생마늘에 있어서 23.73ppm이던 것이 10분, 20분, 30분, 40분동안 열처리하였을 때 각각 1.20ppm, 1.05ppm, 0.74ppm, 0.53ppm으로 크게 감소하였다. 3. 무수 상태에서 190℃의 오븐에서 고온으로 열처리하는 굽는 조리과정에 있어서 마늘은 10분동안 열처리하였을 때 잔존량이 2.97ppm, 20분동안 열처리하였을 때 2.80ppm으로 같은 시간의 가수 열처리와 가유 열처리의 경우보다 잔존량이 많았다. 4. 시판 간장을 가해 실온에서 담금하는 간장에 절이는 과정에 있어서 마늘은 담금 1주일 경과되었을 때 allicin함량은 20.23ppm 으로 85%이상이 잔존하였다. 그러나 2주일, 3주일, 4주일 경과되었을 때 각각 5.16ppm, 4.24ppm, 3.11ppm으로 allicin함량이 급격히 감소되었다. 5. Allicin의 분해 생성물인 diallyl disulfide의 조리과정중의 변화는 마늘에 있어서 일반적으로 열처리 시간이 오래 지속되거나 담금 기간이 오래 경과 할수록 그 함량이 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. Changes in allicin content of garlic when it was boiled in water, fried in oil, baked or pickled in Soy sauce were investigated and the results are as follow. 1. When garlic was heat-treated at 100℃ water for 10 minutes, the amount of remaining allicin content was reduced to 1.39ppm. Allicin was drastically reduced with only 6% remaining. When garlic was heat-treated for 20 and 30 minutes, the remaining allicin was 0.78ppm and 0.46ppm, respectively with not more than 3% and 2% remaining. 2. When raw garlic was fried in oil at l20℃ for 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes, the amount of remaining allicin was largely reduced to 1.20ppm, 1.05ppm, 0.74ppm and 0.53ppm, respectively. 3. When garlic was baked at 190℃ in a high temperatured oven for 10minutes, the remaining amount of allicin in garlic was 2.97ppm, and for 20 minutes 2.80ppm. These amounts were larger than those in the case of water heat treatment or oil heat treatment. 4. When garlic was pickle in Soy sauce at the room temperature for a week, the remaining allicin was 20.23ppm with 85% remaining. After 2,3 and 4weeks, however the amount of allicin was reduced to 5.16ppm, 4.24ppm and 3.11ppm, respectively. 5.When garlic was cooked or pickled, diallyl disulfide decomposition was produced from allicin decomposition, in proportion to the elapsed time of heat treatment.

활석을 이용한 사포나이트의 수열합성

배인국,장영남,채수천,류경원,최상훈 한국광물학회 2003 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.16 No.2

삼팔면체형의 스멕타이트계 사포나이트(saponite)를 천연 광물질인 활석을 이용하여 수열법에 의해 합성하였다. 출발물질은 활석에 Na₂CO₃를 첨가하여 공기중에서 800℃로 가열한 후, 화학양론적 조성에 맞게 Al(No₃)₃·9H₂O 및 Mg(No₃)₂·6H₂O 금속염 수용액을 첨가하였고, pH는 7∼12 범위 내로 NH₄OH 수용액에 의해 조절하여 제조하였다. 수열반응 조건은 약 1리터의 수열반응 용기에서 230 ℃, 압력은 25∼75 kgf/㎠의 범위 내에서 10∼60시간이었다. 실험결과, 반응온도 및 회전속도를 230℃와 180 rpm으로 고정시킨 수열조건 하에서 반응시간, 반응압력, pH 조건을 각각 40시간, 25 kgf/㎠, 약 10으로 하였을 때, 그리고, 화학조성을 화학양론적 조성에 필요한 Na₂O의 양보다 200% 과량 추가하였을 때, 양호한 사포나이트가 합성되었다. 또한 압력을 75 kgf/㎠까지 증가시켜도 결정도에 미치는 영향은 미미하였으며, 반응시간이 길수록 더 좋은 결정도를 나타냈다. Saponite was synthesized from talc by hydrothermal method. The starting material was prepared by adding Al(N0₃)₃·9H₂0 and Mg(N₃)₂·6H₂O solution to the talc powder, which was previously activated in air at 800℃ together with Na₂C0₃. The alkalinity of the solution was controlled by NH₄0H solution. The autoclaving was carried out in the closed stainless steel vessel (about 1 liter) for 40 hours under the pressure of 25 ㎏f/㎠ at 230℃. The characterization of the reaction product shows that saponite was crystallized successfully. After the experimental results, pressure was not sensitive parameter in the range of 25-75 ㎏f/㎠, but longer reaction time results in better crystallinity.

딕카이트로부터 스멕타이트의 수열합성

류경원,장영남,배인국,채수천,최상훈 한국광물학회 2004 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.17 No.3

딕카이트[Al₂Si₂O_(5).(OH)₄]를 출발물질로 사용하여 이팔면체형 스멕타이트를 수열합성하였다. 시료를 활성화시키기 위해 Na₂O 성분을 첨가하고 800℃에서 4시간 열처리하였다. 합성실험을 Na-0.7 바이델라이트의 화학반응식에 의한 화학양론적 조성에 따라 SiO₂성분을 첨가하였으며 300℃, 70 ㎏f/㎠ 이하의 조건에서 온도, 압력, 시간 등을 변화시키면서 실험을 수행하였다. 합성실험을 위해 약 1리터 용량의 밀폐형 강철재 압력용기를 사용하였다. 스멕타이트를 합성할 수 있는 최적 조건은 반응온도 290℃, 반응시간 48시간, pH 10 및 60 ㎏f/㎠ 의 압력조건인 것으로 확인되었다. 온도, 압력조건 외에 원료물질의 활성화, 반응시간, 반응용액의 초기 pH 등은 결정도에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인으로 작용하였다. 합성결과물에 대한 X-선 회절분석, 에틸렌글리콜 처리, 'Greene-Kelly' 측정법 등의 실험결과, 합성된 스멕타이트는 Na-바이델라이트임이 확인되었다. A hydrothermal process was used to synthesize dioctahedral smectite from dickite [Al₂Si₂O_(5).(OH)₄]. Dickite was previously activated by heating at 800℃ for 4 hours with Na₂CO₃. After the heat-treatment, Sift was added for stoichiometrv. The autoclaving was carried out in closed stainless steel vessel (about 1 liter) at the condition of various temperature, pressure, time etc. High quality smectite could be obtaind by heating at 290℃ under the pressure of 60 ㎏f/㎠ for 48 hours. This experiment reveals that pH of the solution was an important factor and should be maintained at 10 to 11 for the formation of dioctahedral smectite. Be synthesized smectite was identified as Na-beidellite by the treatment of ethylene glycol and Greene-Kelly test.

석류석 구조를 가진 고화체의 용출 특성

Chae Soo-Chun,Jang Young-Nam,Bae In-Kook,Ryu Kyung-Won,Ioudintseva T.S.,Yudintsev S.V. 대한자원환경지질학회 2006 자원환경지질 Vol.39 No.2

고준위 방사성 폐기물에 포함된 핵종을 고정화시킬 수 있는 유망한 물질의 하나인 석류석의 화학적 안정성에 대한 연구결과가 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 3가와 4가의 Pu의 모조제로써 Gd 및 Ce을 함유하고 있는 다양한 조성의 석류석을 합성하여 화학적 내구성의 척도인 용출실험을 실시하였다. 증류수로부터의 Gd과 Ce에 대한 모든 시료의 용출속도가 각각 $1.2{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}4.6{\times}10^{-6}g/m^2/day$, 및 $7.5{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}1.8{\times}10^{-7}g/m^2/day$를 보임으로써 기존의 연구된 고화체에 대한 분석 자료와 비교 시 화학적 내구성이 우수한 것으로 판단되었다. 특히 알칼리 또는 산성조건에서의 용출실험 자료가 전무한 실정인 바, 이를 보완하기 위하여 0.01M-NaOH 및 0.01M-HCl 용액을 사용한 용출실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과, 0.01M-HCl 용액을 이용한 용출실험 결과 얻어진 Gd과 Ce에 대한 모든 시료의 용출속도는 각각 $2.5{\times}10^{-1}{\sim}6.9{\times}10^{-3}g/m^2/day$ 및 $3.7{\times}10^{-1}{\sim}3.1{\times}10^{-3}g/m^2/day$였다. 또한 0.01M-NaOH 용액으로부터의 용출속도는 Gd과 Ce의 경우, 각각 $3.1{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1.3{\times}10^{-6}g/m^2/day$ 및 $1.8{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}0g/m^2/day$었다. 결과적으로 이들 산성과 알칼리성 조건에서의 고화체의 용출속도는 차후 고화체의 화학적 내구성에 대한 척도로써 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Garnet has been suggested as one of the most promising material for the immobilization of radionuclide in high level waste. But data on its chemical durability are sufficiently available. Accordingly, Gd and Ce garnets were synthesized as imitators for $Pu^{3+}\;and\;Pu^{4+}$ were synthesized, and their leaching rates, the parameters of the chemical durability were measured by changing the conditions. In distilled water, the ranges of leaching rates of Gd and Ce were $1.2{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}4.6{\times}10^{-6}g/m^2/day\;and\;7.5{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}1.8{\times}10^{-7}g/m^2/day$, respectively. A comparison with previous data suggests that the chemical durabilities of garnets synthesized from this study are superior to those of other waste forms. Additional leaching experiments were performed with 0.01M-HCl and 0.01M-NaOH solutions to see Gd and Ce leaching at acidic and alkalinity conditions. In 0.01 H-HCl solution, the ranges of leaching rates of Gd and Ce were $2.5{\times}10^{-1}{\sim}6.9{\times}10^{-3}g/m^2/day\;and\;3.7{\times}10^{-1}{\sim}3.1{\times}10^{-3}g/m^2/day$, respectively, while were $3.1{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1.3{\times}10^{-6}g/m^2/day\;and\;1.8{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}0g/m^2/day$, respectively in 0.01M-NaOH solution. It is believed that leaching data can be used in understanding chemical durabilities of waste from garnets in acidic and alkaline conditions.

경량 기포콘크리트를 이용한 광물탄산화 연구

채수천 ( Soo-chun Chae ),이승우 ( Seung-woo Lee ),방준환 ( Jun-hwan Bang ),송경선 ( Kyoung-sun Song ) 한국암석학회·(사)한국광물학회 2020 광물과 암석 (J.Miner.Soc.Korea) Vol.33 No.4

온실가스의 대기 방출에 기인된 지구온난화는 범세계적인 주요 문제로 다루어지고 있으며, 이에 대한 많은 대책 중의 하나로 광물탄산화가 관심을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 조건에서 경량 기포콘크리트를 이용한 광물탄산화 실험을 수행하여 이들의 탄산화 재료로써의 가능성을 파악코자 하였다. 경량 기포콘크리트는 광물탄산화의 주요성분인 CaO의 함량이 약 27wt.%에 달하여 탄산화를 위한 유망한 재료로 간주할 수 있다. 이 함량 모두가 광물탄산화에 참여한다는 가정 하에 계산된 CaCO₃ 함량은 약 40wt.%이다. 경량 기포콘크리트로부터 광물탄산화 반응의 최적 조건은 단일상의 방해석이 형성된 고액비 0.01, 반응시간 180분이며, 그리고 단일상 여부와 무관하게 즉 방해석과 바테라이트가 공존하는 경우, 고액비 0.06, 반응시간 180분인 것으로 확인된다. 고액비 0.06이상인 경우, 방해석과 더불어 바테라이트가 공존하였으며, 이는 광물탄산화에 따라 초기에 형성된 바테라이트가 점차 방해석으로 상전이 된 데 반하여 후기에 형성된 바테라이트는 반응 종료 시까지 방해석으로 상전이 되지 못한데 원인이 있는 것으로 해석된다. Global warming caused by the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is being treated as a major problem for the human life, and mineral carbonation is drawing attention as one of many countermeasures against this situation. In this study, mineral carbonation experiments using autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC) were performed under various conditions to determine its potential as a carbonation material. ALC can be regarded as a promising material for carbonation because it contains about 27 wt.% of CaO, a major component of mineral carbonation. The CaCO₃ content produced as a result of the carbonation of ALC calculated on the assumption that all of the CaO content participates in mineral carbonation is about 40 wt.%. The optimum conditions for the mineral carbonation reaction from ALC are the solid-liquid ratio of 0.01 and the reaction time of 180 minutes when calcite is considered as a single product, or 0.06 and 180 minutes when mixture of calcite and vaterite can be considered. The coexistence of vaterite with calcite at solid-liquid ratio of 0.06 or higher was interpreted to be the case where vaterite formed in the later stage and did not change to calcite until the reaction was completed.