한 정신병원에서의 강박 처치에 대한 입원 환자 및 병원 직원의 지각의 차이

채정호,차성조,함웅,이규항,이정균 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.5

한 정신병원에서 강박처치의 적응증, 합병증, 대체법, 감정적 영향, 적당한 처치 시간, 처치의 효능과 필요성등을 병원에 입원 중인 환자들과 직원들에게 설문조사를 하여 양 집단간에 차이가 있는 지를 알아봄으로써 환자들과 직원들간에 있는 강박처치에 대한 지각 차이를 조사하고 나아가 강박처치 시행의 규준을 확립하기 위한 기본 자를 제시하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 강박처치의 적응증에 대해서 입원환자들은 대부분의 항목에 대해 부정적으로 보았고 단지 타환자에 대한 신체적 공격에 대해서만 다소 긍정적인 반응을 보인 반면 직원들의 경우 자해, 타환자에 대한 신체적 공격, 치료진에 대한 공격 등에 높은 응답율을 보였다. 강박처치의 부작용에 대한 지각은 입원환자의 경우 정신상태의 악화, 자해의 증가 등에 대해 보다 민감하게 반응 하였고, 실제로 경험한 부작용에 있어서는 직원들의 경우 피부박탈을 더 강조한 반면 환자군에서는 호흡곤란, 정신 상태의 악화 등을 강조하였다. 강제 처치에 대한 대체치료 방법으로는 환자군에서 면담을 중요시한 반면 직원군에서는 격리실의 이용을 강조하였다. 신체억제와 고용량의 정온화를 비교한 것은 환자군에서 신체억제가 더 효과적이라고 하였다. 신체억제 동안 느끼는 감정에 대한 지각에서 환자군은 슬픔을 가장 많이 보고하였고, 직원군은 적개심을 가장 많이 느낄 것으로 추정하였다. 신체억제의 시간에 대해서는 환자군이 긴 것으로 지각하고 있으며, 이상적인 신체억제의 시간은 환자군이 짧은 것이 좋다고 생각하고 있었다. 본 연구 결과 정신과 입원환자들과 병원직원들은 강박처치에 대하여 유의한 지각의 차이가 있다는 것을 알았으며 정신병원내에서 강제처치를 실시할 때에는 명확한 강박처치 시행에 대한 규준에 따라야 할 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine different perceptions of physical restraint and their nature between psychiatric inpatients and hospital staffs in a mental hospital and to provide baseline data for establishing the practicing standard of this therapeutic maneuver. Methods : Two hundred and two psychiatric inpatients who experienced physical restraint and 103 hospital staffs who frequently used this maneurer were surveyed with a questionnaire regarding indications, complications, alternative methods, emotional influences, duration of treatment and subjective effects of restraint. Results : Regarding indications of physical restraint, the inpatient group had negative viewpoint on the most items except "physical assault to other patients". Regarding the perception about possible complications of this treatment, the inpatient group had more concerns about "deterioration of mental status" and "increasing risk of self-injury". For experienced complications, staffs stressed "skin abrasion " while inpatients believed of "respiratory difficulties" and "deterioration of mental status" more frequently. As alternative methods of physical restraint, "increasing frequency of interview" was suggested by the inpatient group and "using seclusion room" was favored by the staff group. The inpatient group had an impression that physical restraint was more effective than high-dose neuroleptic tranquilization. For suspected emotion during this procedure, the inpatient group reported "sorrow" most frequently while the staff group presumed that "hostility" might be most frequent. Inpatients estimated that the average duration of physical restraint was longer than staffs did. Ideal duration of physical restraint was shorter in the inpatient group. Conclusion : These results suggest that there are definite differences in the perception of physical restraint between psychiatric inpatients and hospital staffs. Formal practing guideline for restraint should be set up with careful attention for these differences to maximize the therapeutic effect of this maneuver.

항정신병 약물 비폭로, 치료 중 및 만성 시설화 정신분열증 환자에서의 연성 신경학적 징후의 비교

채정호,이규항,백인호,이정균 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.2

Objects : Many studies have demonstrated greater frequency of soft neurologic signs in patients with schizophrenia than in controls. However, factors associated with chronicity,institutionalization, individual differences and neuroleptic medication make it difficult to interpret these results. We report on our ongoing study of soft neurologic signs and their relationship to neuroleptics and institutionalization in schizophrenia. Methods : Soft neurologic signs were examined with a standardized instrument, Neurological Evaluation Scale- Korean Version(NES-K) in 11 neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia, 17 neuroleptic-treated patients and 14 chronically institutionalized patients. Results : Scores of total items(p<0.05), sensory integration(p<0.05), sequencing of complex motor acts(p<0.05) and others(p<0.01) functional areas of NES-K were significantly different among three groups. There was no difference in the area of motor coordination. Posthoc analysis showed that scores of total items(p<0.005) and sensory integration areas(p<0.01) of NES-K were significantly higher in the institutionalized patients than those of neurolepticnaive group. However scores of sequencing of complex motor act and others categories were not different in the institutionalized and neuroleptic-naive patients. Conclusion : These findings suggested that neuroleptic treatment or chronic institutionalization might partially affect soft neurologic signs, especially sensory integration area, in patients with schizophrenia. However, the soft neurologic signs of motor coordination area could be a biological trait marker of schizophrenia independent of confounding variables.

十二變에 대한 考察 : 六元正紀大論을 중심으로

채영진,남호현,이석모,여성원,한성규,이재원,안민식,정헌영,금경수 한국전통의학연구소 2003 한국전통의학지 Vol.13 No.1

The six kinds of natural factors(It refers to wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness and fire.) is constantly moving to maintain the balance of whole climate of one year. Four seasons are the largest mediation of whole climate of one year. The cold and the heat have the relationship of mutual intervention. The dampness and the dryness have it also. In this process they raise various climate appearance. And that various climate appearance influence the whole lives on the earth. This paper is concerned with the classification of them.

우리나라 物價變動會計制度의 導入方案에 관한 硏究

朴範鎬,宋在萬,李勉榮,蔡奎學 홍익대학교 경영연구소 1985 경영연구 Vol.9 No.-

As accounting is an outgrowth of society, we can say that the accounting system of each country is derived from its economic situation and from the people's outlook no economic values. Thus when the economic situation of one country is different from that of another country, and the outlook of the people of one country is different from that of another country, they the accounting system for changing prices as well as general accounting systems may be different. Actually accounting systems of different countries are not identical. The writers of this paper try to find an accounting system for changing prices suitable to out country. The writers review various theories on accounting systems for changing prices, survey accounting systems of various countries and basic patterns of such systems, and in vestigate the actual conditions of our country in order to provide accounting information which reflects the effect of changing prices and to give a practicable accounting system. In this paper, the writers state their opinions about accounting systems for changing prices as follows: 1)The demand for the publication of accounting information about the effect of changing prices upon the financial status and operational result of a business is a world-wide trend. Considering that our industries are now aiming at opening a capital market, we should establich an accounting system for changing prices in order to follow the world-wide current. 2) As we intend to follow the world-wide current, to get useful accounting information, and to get a practicable accounting system, the most suitable system for us is the current value accounting system The current value accounting system mentioned here does not provide information supplementary to that of the financial statements based on the historical cost but it provides a substitute of the current value financial statements for those based on the historical cost. Financial statements based on current values are standard statements. 3) In our country, there are no active studies or discussions on the accounting systems for changing prices. We need to set up an organization entirely responsible for the establishment of a desirable accounting system for changing prices, responsible for the establishment of guidelines for putting the system to use, and responsible for the coordination of the interests of those concerned.

900 MHz 대역 CMOS 가변이득 증폭기 설계

이지호,채규성,윤상웅,김창우 慶熙大學校 레이저 工學硏究所 2007 레이저공학 Vol.18 No.-

A vairable gain amplifier(VGA) has been designed for 900 MHz-band applications. The VGA consist of three blocks; a control voltage feeding block, variable gain block, and constant gain block. The VGA has been simulated using the TSMC CMOS libraries. At 900 MHz, the maximum gain is 34.6 dB with an 1 - dB gain compression output power of 3 dBm. The gain control range is 30 dB from 3.8 dB to 34.6 dB by the control voltage from 0.9 to 3.0 V. The gain control sensitivity of the VGA is 70 mV/dB, which is larger than a thermal voltage (26 mV/dB at the room temperature) in order to be insensitive to temperature variation.

外國籍企業의 會計報告制度에 관한 硏究

朴範鎬,申東洙,蔡奎學,李均,金喆中 弘益大學校 1983 弘大論叢 Vol.15 No.1

In Accounting, a new problematic field has been recognized with the development and changes in industrialized society. An accounting system of a multinational corporation emerged from different accounting environments between one country and another. This environment can be summarized as follows; (1) Accounting measurement that affect financial position and management performance of an accounting entity are made by foreign currency, not by domestic currency or reporting currency of a parent company. (2) The exchange rate is not fixed, but fluctuating. (3) In case the foreign business activity is conducted by the foreign entity, separated from the parent company at home, the enterprise activity is done under entirely different circumstances. Such environmental changes in their fundamental effects upon accounting differentiate the meaning of a accounting measurement. Accounting reports by heterogeneous measurements has diminished in informative worth of accounting measurements because there are not secured comparability. Thus, as far as possible, accounting reports should be integrated to one financial statements, identically combined from different home and foreign accounting measurements. The reason that problems of accounting reports of multinational corporation has emerged into a new problematic field is to develop the theory and method to identify different accounting measurements. This paper is to suggest more reasonable directions of reporting system of accounting for multinational corporation, and to explore theoretical foundations of aaccounting report by clarifying the basic problems and characteristics of accounting standards of some countries and their reporting practices. For this purpose, this paper focuses on the discussion of the main subject as follows; (1) The sources and characters of the problems of accounting reports that emerged by the nature and characteristic activities of multinational corporation. (2) Analysis of some country's current accounting standards and reporting practices of multinational corporation. (3) More reasonable model building for accounting report with a view of external and internal management reports.

우리나라 現行 財務狀態變動表의 有用性에 관한 實證的 檢證

朴範鎬,蔡奎學,孫 敏,李 悠,吳瑗善,全夏成 홍익대학교 경영연구소 1988 경영연구 Vol.12 No.-

트레드밀 걷기 운동 시 무게부하의 차이가 호흡순환기능 및 대사기능에 미치는 영향

김용규,이채산,김자영,박미숙,김광중,이광호 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare on cadiopulmonary and metabolism function of 10㎏ weight loading group(10 females) and W university students with non weight loading group(10 females. Each group did treadmill walking exercise for twenty minutes by the modified balke protocol. Heart rate(HR), systolic(SBP), MVO₂, and VO₂max were analyzed using 2×2(groups×during) repeated measures analysis of variance (MANOVA). And peak blood velocity(PBV) and MBV were analyzed by using 2×2(groups×during) repeated measures analysis of variance (MANOVA). Lactate and glucose were amalyed by separate 2×2 (groupxduring) analysis of variance(ANOVA). Results of this study suggest that: The change of HR, SBP and MVO₂ in experience and control group showed the significant(p<.05) increase during walking exercise. Variables between experience and control group showed not significant level. But VO₂ in each group showed the significant(p<.001) increase during walking exercise. Differenc among each group showed significant(p<.001) level. Lactate and glucose level in each group showed significant(p<.001, p<.05) increase during walking exercise. Differences among each group showed not significant level. PBV and MBV in each group significant(p<.001) increase during walking exercise. Difference among each group showed significant(p<.05) level. According to these results, weight loading walking exercise considering safety promotes to cardiovascular function and it is expected to be an effective exercise methods able to improve the physical inefficiency of long time walking type.

8년간(1992~1999) 산업안전보건연구원에 의뢰된 직업병 심의 사례 분석

강성규,김규상,김양호,최정근,안연순,진영우,최병순,양정선,김은아,채창호,최용휴,김대성,박정선,정호근 대한산업의학회 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Objectives : Pneumoconisis and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) have been reported as main occupational diseases by the Special Health Examination. The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance has reported various work-related diseases, however, these two diseases occupied almost a half of compensated cases. Therefore, it was not well known about the status of occupational diseases other than pneumoconiosis, NIHL, and cardio-cerebrovascular accident (CVA). This study was conducted to analyze claimed cases as an occupational disease, that was requested to the Korea Industrial Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA). Methods : The local office of the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC) has asked the KOSHA for confirmation of claimed cases as an occupational disease. We analyzed 379 cases requested from KLWC, the Ministry of Labor, employers, unions and occupational health agencies from 1992 to 1999. Results : Male was 80.7 % of the requested cases. Their mean age was 42 years old and 75.5 % of them were more than 35 years old. The requested cases were increased rapidly from 25 cases in 1992 to 108 cases in 1999 and the accept rate was 50.7 %. The majority of requested cases were respiratory diseases(22.4%), cancers(18.5%), Neuropsychiatric problems(14.5%), and musculoskeletal problems(13.5%). The accept rate was high in reproductive, respiratory, musculoskeletal and digestive disorders and low in neuropsychiatric, renal and otologic problems and occupational cancers. 73.6% of them were caused by chemical agents, especially 28.5 % were by organic solvents. 67% of them were clinically confirmed at university hospitals. A half of the cases were from KyongIn area, even the request came from the whole country. Conclusions : A claim was common in workers whose age was over 35 years old and exposure history was over 10 years. The respiratory diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders were still main problems in occupational health and occupational cancers was increasing even though its accept rate was not high yet.

物價水準變動과 外貨換算

朴範鎬,蔡奎學 홍익대학교 경영연구소 1983 경영연구 Vol.7 No.-