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( Sang-Cheol Bae ),( Jin-Hye Cha ),( Jung-Yoon Choe ),( Sung Jae Choi ),( Soo-Kyung Cho ),( Won-Tae Chung ),( Chung-Il Joung ),( Young-Ok Jung ),( Young Mo Kang ),( Dong-Wook Kim ),( Jinseok Kim ),( Y 대한류마티스학회 2018 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.25 No.2
Objective. Productivity loss was compared by 3-stage of disease activity and associations between higher disease activity and high productivity loss were identified. Methods. Data were extracted from Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Patient-reported Outcomes Research, which enrolled 2,000 RA patients (>20-year) on disease-modifying-antirheumatic-drugs (DMARDs) (≥ 6-month) from December 2012 to June 2013. This included 1,457 RA patients with the disease activity score (DAS-28-ESR) in their medical charts. Productivity loss in time and indirect cost was estimated using The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). Baseline characteristics and productivity loss outcomes were compared according to DAS-28-ESR groups. Results. 84.4% were females, 54.2% had low DAS-28-ESR (<3.2), and 38.2% and 7.6% had moderate (3.2∼5.1) and high DAS-28-ESR (>5.1). Patients with moderate to high DAS-28-ESR had higher lost productivity time (LPT) and monthly costs of LPT than those with low DAS-28-ESR (time in hours: 110.0±58.4 vs. 132.4±57.2 vs. 71.5±52.0, p<0.0001; monthly costs of LPT in 1,000 Korean won: 1,097±607 vs. 1,302±554 vs. 741±531, p<0.0001). Multiple regression analyses revealed significant associations with high LPT in high (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=3.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.18∼6.87) and moderate DAS-28-ESR (adjusted OR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.41∼2.52) compared to low DAS-28-ESR. In addition, positive associations with high monthly costs of LPT were observed in high (adjusted OR=3.45, 95% CI: 1.98∼5.99) and moderate DAS-28-ESR (adjusted OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.43∼2.54) compared to low DAS-28-ESR. Conclusion. Timely therapeutic strategies should be taken into consideration given that the RA patients with moderate to high DAS-28-ESR showed strong associations with high productivity loss for effective management of RA. (J Rheum Dis 2018;25:122-130)
해양온도차발전 Closed and Regeneration Cycle의 기본 정특성
차상원(Sang1Won Cha),김유택(You1Taek Kim),이영호(Young1Ho Lee) 한국유체기계학회 2011 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.11
Ocean Thermal Energy conversion(OTEC) technology is one of OTEC technology refer to a mechanical system that utilizes the natural temperature gradient that exists in the tropical ocean between warm surface water and the deep cold water, to generate electricity and produce other economically valuable by-products. The selection of working fluid and working conditions of the OTEC’s cycle has a great effect on the system operation, and it’s energy efficiency and impact on the environment.Working fluids of the OTEC is Ammonia, R22, R407c, R410a. Ammonia have a large heat capacity. But, ammonia is difficult to treat. R22 has been proposed as the working fluid instead of ammonia due to toxicity problems, it would be prohibited according to the Montreal Protocol. Therefore, more research is needed on developing more suitable working fluid substitutes. It is a R407c, R410a. In this paper, the optimization of and Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion(OTEC) system is carried out by the Powell method (according to the Workin g Cycle and Working Fluids).
Comparative proteomic analysis of plant responses to sound waves in Arabidopsis
권영상,Mi-Jeong Jeong,Jaeyul Cha1,Sung Woo Jeong,박수철,신성철,정우식,배한홍,Dong-Won Bae 한국식물생명공학회 2012 식물생명공학회지 Vol.39 No.4
Environmental factors greatly influence the growth,development, and even genetic characteristics of plants. The mechanisms by which sound influences plant growth,however, remain obscure. Previously, our group reported that several genes were differentially regulated by specific frequenciesof sound treatmentusing a sound-treated subtractive library. In this study, we used a proteomic approach to investigate plant responses to sound waves in Arabidopsis. The plants were exposed to 250-Hz or 500-Hz sound waves,and total proteins were extracted from leaves 8 h and 24 h after treatment. Proteins extracted from leaves were subjected to 2-DE analysis. Thirty-eight spots were found to be differentially regulated in response to sound waves and were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. The functions of the identified proteins were classified into photosynthesis, stress and defense, nitrogen metabolism,and carbohydrate metabolism. To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report on the analysis of protein changes in response to sound waves in Arabidopsis leaves. These findings provide a better understanding of the molecular basis of responses to sound waves in Arabidopsis.
Cha, Gi Wook,Hong, Won Hwa,Shin, Sung Woo Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2013 Applied mechanics and materials Vol.357 No.-
<P>In recent year, Korea relies on imports for most of the iron ore, the main raw material of rebar, resulting in CO2 pollution with lots of energy consumption. Hereupon, this study carried out the research on the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of the recycled rebar using the wasted steel from building demolition. For that, this study worked out the energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the process of generation, transportation and production of wasted steel and, on the basis of which, it conducted the comparative study with virgin materials. The major research results are as follows: First, the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of the recycled rebar were found to be highest in the process of its production at 89.2% and 85%, respectively. In addition, in the comparison between recycled rebar and virgin material, the former was found to be most advantageous in energy consumption. On the contrary, as for CO2 emissions, the recycled rebar showed a 88.3% reduction possibility of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions comparing to statistics of input-output analysis based on competition inducement coefficient, but it was found to be more disadvantageous from the perspective of GHG reduction than the statistics of input-output analysis based on non-competition inducement coefficient.</P>
Evaluation of pollutants removal efficiency to achieve successful urban river restoration
Cha, Sung Min,Ham, Young Sik,Ki, Seo Jin,Lee, Seung Won,Cho, Kyung Hwa,Park, Yongeun,Kim, Joon Ha IWA Publishing 2009 Water Science & Technology Vol.59 No.11
<P>Greater efforts to provide alternative scenarios are key to successful urban stream restoration planning. In this study, we discuss two different aspects of water quality management schemes, biodegradation and human health, which are incorporated in the restoration project of original, pristine condition of urban stream at the Gwangju (GJ) Stream, Korea. For this study, monthly monitoring of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) data were obtained from 2003 to 2008 and for 2008, respectively, and these were evaluated to explore pollutant magnitude and variation with respect to space and time window. Ideal scenarios to reduce target pollutants were determined based on their seasonal characteristics and correlations between the concentrations at a water intake and discharge point, where we suggested an increase of environmental flow and wetland as pollutants reduction drawing for BOD5 and FIB, respectively. The scenarios were separately examined by the Qual2E model and hypothetically (but planned) constructed wetland, respectively. The results revealed that while controlling of the water quality at the intake point guaranteed the lower pollution level of BOD5 in the GJ Stream, a wetland constructed at the discharge point may be a promising strategy to mitigate mass loads of FIB. Overall, this study suggests that a combination of the two can be plausible scenarios not only to support sustainable urban water resources management, but to enhance a quality of urban stream restoration assignment.</P>
Cha, Ji Young,Jung, Ji Yun,Jung, Jae Yup,Lee, Jong Rok,Cho, Il Je,Ku, Sae Kwang,Byun, Sung Hui,Ahn, Yong-Tae,Lee, Chul Won,Kim, Sang Chan,An, Won G. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2013 No.-
<P>Pyungwi-san (PWS) is a traditional basic herbal formula. We investigated the effects of PWS on induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-<I><I>α</I></I> (TNF-<I><I>α</I></I>)) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-<I><I>κ</I></I>B) as well as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-) induced Raw 264.7 cells and on paw edema in rats. Treatment with PWS (0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg/mL) resulted in inhibited levels of expression of LPS-induced COX-2, iNOS, NF-<I><I>κ</I></I>B, and MAPKs as well as production of prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> (PGE<SUB>2</SUB>), nitric oxide (NO), IL-6, and TNF-<I><I>α</I></I> induced by LPS. Our results demonstrate that PWS possesses anti-inflammatory activities via decreasing production of pro-inflammatory mediators through suppression of the signaling pathways of NF-<I><I>κ</I></I>B and MAPKs in LPS-induced macrophage cells. More importantly, results of the carrageenan-(CA-) induced paw edema demonstrate an anti-edema effect of PWS. In addition, it is considered that PWS also inhibits the acute edematous inflammations through suppression of mast cell degranulations and inflammatory mediators, including COX-2, iNOS and TNF-<I><I>α</I></I>. Thus, our findings may provide scientific evidence to explain the anti-inflammatory properties of PWS <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>.</P>
The Effect of Joint Conditions on the Longitudinal and Flexural Wave Velocities of a Rock Mass
Cha, Min Su,Sim, Young Jong,Cho, Gye Chun,Lee, Sung Won Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2006 Key Engineering Materials Vol.321 No.-
<P>The behavior of a jointed rock is different from that of an intact rock, and the characteristics of elastic wave propagation in a jointed rock are different from those of an intact rock. In this study, a rock resonant column testing device is designed to measure the longitudinal and flexural wave velocities of jointed rocks under different states of stress. A column of more than 12 rock discs is stacked on a steel base, which acts as a free-fixed system. This configuration ensures that waves propagate under an equivalent continuum condition, thereby rendering a constant and unique velocity. The effect of joint conditions on the wave velocities is investigated through rock resonant column testings. The results show that velocities are sensitive to the state of stress and increase nonlinearly with stress. The velocities are also affected by joint conditions such as roughness, spacing, and filling. The results are useful for rock mass classification based on near-surface geophysical characterization.</P>