Fuzzy 가중치를 반영한 배출 저감 규제의 타당성 분석

윤종수 ( Daniel Jongsoo Yoon ),변헌수 ( Hun-soo Byun ) 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.59 No.2

규제당국은 유해 물질 배출을 저감 하는 규제를 시행하면서, 규제 이행에 따른 다양한 활동의 편익/비용 비율로 그 타당성을 제시한다. 그리고 비율 산정과정에서 규제 관련 속성의 중요도 가중치를 반영한다. 그런데, 전문가들은 가중치 설문 응답에서 애매함을 보이고 있으며, 정확한 의사 결정을 위해서는 이를 제거해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이를 위한 퍼지-계층화 방법론을 이용하여 타당성여부를 적용하고, 이를 2019년 11월 시행된 우리나라의 ‘배출 저감 계획’규제 타당성 평가에 적용하였다. The toxics regulatory body provides a benefit/cost ratio as a justification criterion while implementing regulations that induce the industry to reduce emissions voluntarily. Furthermore, since, the body wants to reflect not only the efficiency standard but also the policy standard in the evaluation of feasibility, it calculates the ratio by adjusting the importance weights. The problem is that respondents answer ambiguously. It should be removed for the reasonable evaluation. This study introduced a fuzzy-AHP methodology for this, and applied it to the voluntary emission reduction plan program in Korea.

UNBIASED WATER AND METHANOL MASER SURVEYS OF NGC 1333

Lyo, A-Ran,Kim, Jongsoo,Byun, Do-Young,Lee, Ho-Gyu American Institute of Physics 2014 The Astronomical journal Vol.148 No.5

<P>We present the results of unbiased 22 GHz H<SUB>2</SUB>O water and 44 GHz class I CH<SUB>3</SUB>OH methanol maser surveys in the central 7' × 10' area of NGC 1333 and two additional mapping observations of a 22 GHz water maser in a ~3' × 3' area of the IRAS4A region. In the 22 GHz water maser survey of NGC 1333 with a sensitivity of σ ~ 0.3 Jy, we confirmed the detection of masers toward H<SUB>2</SUB>O(B) in the region of HH 7-11 and IRAS4B. We also detected new water masers located ~20'' away in the western direction of IRAS4B or ~25'' away in the southern direction of IRAS4A. We could not, however, find young stellar objects or molecular outflows associated with them. They showed two different velocity components of ~0 and ~16 km s<SUP>–1</SUP>, which are blue- and redshifted relative to the adopted systemic velocity of ~7 km s<SUP>–1</SUP> for NGC 1333. They also showed time variabilities in both intensity and velocity from multi-epoch observations and an anti-correlation between the intensities of the blue- and redshifted velocity components. We suggest that the unidentified power source of these masers might be found in the earliest evolutionary stage of star formation, before the onset of molecular outflows. Finding this kind of water maser is only possible through an unbiased blind survey. In the 44 GHz methanol maser survey with a sensitivity of σ ~ 0.5 Jy, we confirmed masers toward IRAS4A2 and the eastern shock region of IRAS2A. Both sources are also detected in 95 and 132 GHz methanol maser lines. In addition, we had new detections of methanol masers at 95 and 132 GHz toward IRAS4B. In terms of the isotropic luminosity, we detected methanol maser sources brighter than ~5 × 10<SUP>25</SUP> erg s<SUP>–1</SUP> from our unbiased survey.</P>

Inner Warm Disk of ESO H<i>α</i>279a Revealed by NA i and CO Overtone Emission Lines

Lyo, A-Ran,Kim, Jongsoo,Lee, Jae-Joon,Kim, Kyoung-Hee,Kang, Jihyun,Byun, Do-Young,Mace, Gregory,Sokal, Kimberly R.,Park, Chan,Chun, Moo-Young,Oh, Heeyoung,Yu, Young Sam,Oh, Jae Sok,Jeong, Ueejeong,Kim American Astronomical Society 2017 The Astrophysical Journal Vol.844 No.1

<P>We present an analysis of near-infrared, high-resolution spectroscopy toward the flat-spectrum young stellar object (YSO) ESO H alpha 279a (similar to 1.5M(circle dot)) in the Serpens star-forming region at a distance of 429 pc. Using the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrometer (IGRINS; R approximate to 45,000), we detect emission lines originating from the accretion channel flow, jet, and inner disk. Specifically, we identify hydrogen Brackett series recombination, [Fe II], [Fe III], [Fe IV], Ca I, Na I, H-2, H2O, and CO overtone emission lines. By modeling five bands of CO overtone emission lines and the symmetric double-peaked line profile for Na I emission lines, we find that ESO H alpha 279a has an actively accreting Keplerian disk. From our Keplerian disk model, we find that Na I emission lines originate between 0.04 and 1.00 au, while the CO overtone emission lines are from the outer part of the disk, in the range between 0.22 and 3.00 au. The model reveals that the neutral atomic Na gas is a good tracer of the innermost region of the actively accreting disk. We derive a mass accretion rate of 2-10 x 10-7 Me yr(-1). from the measured Br gamma emission luminosity of 1.78(+/- 0.31) x 10(31) erg s(-1).</P>

Inner disk properties of a Class I young stellar object revealed by IGRINS

A-Ran Lyo,Jongsoo Kim,Do-Young Byun,Jihyun Kang,IGRINS team 한국천문학회 2015 天文學會報 Vol.40 No.2

우리나라 고독성물질 사용저감 규제의 수정 편익-비용분석

윤종수,변헌수,Yoon, Daniel Jongsoo,Byun, Hun-Soo 한국청정기술학회 2020 청정기술 Vol.26 No.3

청정사회 구축을 위한 독성물질사용 저감규제의 타당성은 사회적 경제성 기준으로 평가되어야 한다. 가장 보편적인 방법론은 편익-비용분석이다. 편익-비용분석은 규제 프로그램 운영에 따른 모든 편익과 비용 항목들을 화폐적 가치로 산정하여 이를 단순 비교하여 평가한다. 그러나 타당성 평가는 경제적 기준뿐만 아니라 정책적 기준도 반영되는 것이 합리적이므로, 항목들에 기준 가중치를 반영하여야 한다. 본 연구는 이를 위한 평가방법론을 개발하고 이를 2020년도부터 시행되는 우리나라 고독성 물질 사용 저감규제 프로그램에 적용하였으며, 연구결과 고독성 물질의 배출 저감규제의 타당성 평가를 위해서는 기존의 경제적 기준뿐만 아니라 정책적 기준도 적용하는 수정 편익-비용분석 기법이 합리적인 대안이 될 수 있음을 발견되었다. The introduction of the Korea toxics use reduction (TUR) program to build a clean society is generally evaluated based on social economic criteria. Among various techniques, benefit-cost analysis is the most commonly used. This method is focused on the calculation and comparison of all the benefits and costs attributable to the TUR program. However, since it is reasonable to consider not only economic criteria but also policy criteria in the process of evaluation, it is necessary to reflect on the criteria weights found in the benefits and costs. This study aims at developing a new evaluation technique to achieve this purpose and apply it to the Korean TUR program to be implemented in 2020. This study selected competitiveness, toxic substances' emission reduction ratio, and health improvement as policy criteria. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was initially used to calculate the weight and then, based on the results, the concept of information entropy introduced by Claude Shannon was used to eliminate subjective bias. As a result of the study, it was found that the revised benefit-cost analysis considering the weights of the policy criteria, as well as the existing economic criteria, could be a reasonable alternative in evaluating the feasibility of TUR regulations for highly toxic substances.

The Extended KVN Project

Taehyun Jung,Do-Young Byun,Sang-Sung Lee,YoungChol Mihn,Se-Hyung Cho,Bong Won Sohn,Kee-Tae Kim,Seog-Oh Wi,Seog-Tae Han,Hyun Goo Kim,Jongsoo Kim 한국천문학회 2018 天文學會報 Vol.43 No.1

EARLY SCIENCE WITH THE KOREAN VLBI NETWORK: THE QCAL-1 43 GHz CALIBRATOR SURVEY

Petrov, Leonid,Lee, Sang-Sung,Kim, Jongsoo,Jung, Taehyun,Oh, Junghwan,Sohn, Bong Won,Byun, Do-Young,Chung, Moon-Hee,Je, Do-Heung,Wi, Seog-Oh,Song, Min-Gyu,Kang, Jiman,Han, Seog-Tae,Lee, Jung-Won,Kim, American Institute of Physics 2012 The Astronomical journal Vol.144 No.5

<P>This paper presents the catalog of correlated flux densities in three ranges of baseline projection lengths of 637 sources from a 43 GHz (Q band) survey observed with the Korean VLBI Network. Of them, 14 objects used as calibrators were previously observed, but 623 sources have not been observed before in the Q band with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). The goal of this work in the early science phase of the new VLBI array is twofold: to evaluate the performance of the new instrument that operates in a frequency range of 22-129 GHz and to build a list of objects that can be used as targets and as calibrators. We have observed the list of 799 target sources with declinations down to –40°. Among them, 724 were observed before with VLBI at 22 GHz and had correlated flux densities greater than 200 mJy. The overall detection rate is 78%. The detection limit, defined as the minimum flux density for a source to be detected with 90% probability in a single observation, was in the range of 115-180 mJy depending on declination. However, some sources as weak as 70 mJy have been detected. Of 623 detected sources, 33 objects are detected for the first time in VLBI mode. We determined their coordinates with a median formal uncertainty of 20 mas. The results of this work set the basis for future efforts to build the complete flux-limited sample of extragalactic sources at frequencies of 22 GHz and higher at 3/4 of the celestial sphere.</P>

트리플 카우-히치 방법을 이용한 인공수정체의 공막고정술

주종수,이유경,노창래,변용수,주천기,Jongsoo Joo,You Kyung Lee,Chang Rae Rho,Yong-Soo Byun,Choun-Ki Joo 대한안과학회 2011 대한안과학회지 Vol.52 No.11

Purpose: To report the results of scleral suture fixation using a hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) with 3 hollow haptics through a small corneal incision, the Triple Cow-Hitch Method. Case summary: Three-point suture fixation of a XL Stabi ZO IOL was performed in 5 eyes of 5 patients with aphakia after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP), vitrectomy and subluxated lens extraction. Postoperatively, the corrected distance visual acuity and spherical equivalent improved in all measured eyes. There were no cases of pigment dispersion or cystoid macular edema (CME). Conclusions: In this preliminary study, the triple cow-hitch method of suturing a hydrophilic acrylic IOL is an alternative to the conventional 2-point scleral fixation of sutured IOLs. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011;52(11):1370-1376

KVN Fringe Survey of 44GHz Class I Methanol Maser Sources

Kee-Tae Kim,Do-Young Byun,Taehyun Jung,Jongsoo Kim,Mikyung Kim,Tomoya Hirota,Koichiro Sugiyama,Mreki Honma,KVN+VERA Star Formation Working Group 한국천문학회 2012 天文學會報 Vol.37 No.1

EARLY SCIENCE WITH THE KOREAN VLBI NETWORK: EVALUATION OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

Lee, Sang-Sung,Petrov, Leonid,Byun, Do-Young,Kim, Jongsoo,Jung, Taehyun,Song, Min-Gyu,Oh, Chung Sik,Roh, Duk-Gyoo,Je, Do-Heung,Wi, Seog-Oh,Sohn, Bong Won,Oh, Se-Jin,Kim, Kee-Tae,Yeom, Jae-Hwan,Chung, American Institute of Physics 2014 The Astronomical journal Vol.147 No.4

<P>We report the very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observing performance of the Korean VLBI Network (KVN). The KVN is the first millimeter-dedicated VLBI network in East Asia. The KVN consists of three 21 m radio telescopes with baseline lengths in a range of 305-476 km. The quasi-optical system equipped on the antennas allows simultaneous observations at 22, 43, 86, and 129 GHz. The first fringes of the KVN were obtained at 22 GHz on 2010 June 8. Test observations at 22 and 43 GHz on 2010 September 30 and 2011 April 4 confirmed that the full cycle of VLBI observations works according to specification: scheduling, antenna control system, data recording, correlation, post-correlation data processing, astrometry, geodesy, and imaging analysis. We found that decorrelation due to instability in the hardware at times up to 600 s is negligible. The atmosphere fluctuations at KVN baseline are partly coherent, which allows us to extend integration time under good winter weather conditions up to 600 s without significant loss of coherence. The post-fit residuals at KVN baselines do not exhibit systematic patterns, and the weighted rms of the residuals is 14.8 ps. The KVN is ready to image compact radio sources both in snapshot and full-track modes with residual noise in calibrated phases of less than 2 deg at 22 and 43 GHz and with dynamic ranges of ~300 for snapshot mode and ~1000 for full-track mode. With simultaneous multi-frequency observations, the KVN can be used to make parsec-scale spectral index maps of compact radio sources.</P>