기업내 창업 : SK케미칼 라이프 사이언스 부문의 바이오백신 진출사례

이병철(Lee, Byeong Cheo) 한국창업학회 2018 한국창업학회지 Vol.13 No.5

SK케미칼은 1980년대 이후 케미칼과 제약 부문을 주축으로 지속적인 성장을 이루고 있었다. 현재는 라이프 사이언스 비즈니스(Life Science Business) 부문으로 불리는 제약 부문은 1991년 기넥신 개발을 시작으로 하여 혁신적인 R&D를 도모하면서 성장을 지속하고 있었다. 그러나 제약업계에서의 후발업체로서의 이미지와 규모가 상당한 제약조건으로 느껴지고 있는 것이 현실 이었다. 급변하는 경영환경 속에서 신성장동력을 개발하는 것은 이제 생존의 필수조건이 되고 있었다. 최고 경영층의 관심과 지원 하에서 신성장동력 개발 TFT는 과감한 전략대안들을 찾아 나섰고, 다양한 대안들을 검토한 TFT는 바이오백신 시장 진입이라는 기업창업의 파격적인 전략을 제시하였다. 그러나 전 세계적으로 시장이 확대되고 있는 고가의 백신시장에 진입을 하기 위해서는 기술개발, 생산시설 확보를 위한 커다란 도전을 극복하여야 된다. 라이프 사이언스 부문은 기존 연구들의 기업내 창업 모형에 제시되었던 것처럼 최고경영층의 기업내 창업에 대한 전폭적 지원과 전사적인 창업에 긍정적 인식 향상과 창업친화적인 조직구조와 자원에 의해 효율적 으로 시작되었다. 연구개발과 생산시설 확보 과정에서는 전사적 지원이 창업친화적인 조직설계에 따라 체계적으로 이루어졌으며, 이를 통한 구성원들의 극단적인 몰입 유도가 중요성공요인으로 제시될 수 있다. 특히 새로운 조직구조 설계에 대한 권한위양과 혁신적 창업 과정에 대한 전폭적 자원 배분, 보상제도의 시행 등이 효율적으로 이루어졌다. 기업내 창업의 성공적인 결과는 SK케미칼의 외부환경에 대한 전략적 위치의 재설정과 함께 창업친화적인 조직설계에 대한 역량 향상을 이루었고, 이를 바탕으로 또 하나의 획기적인 기업내 창업 과제인, SKYVAX로의 연결이 시도되고 있다. The first goal of this case study is to contribute to management education through systematic analysis and description of corporate entrepreneurship. Recently, as the awareness of the importance of corporate entrepreneurship has increased, it has been actively compared with individual-based entrepreneurship. However, there have been few reports on the specific case studies of corporate entrepreneurship in Korean companies. This study covers the processes, activities, and efforts of the Life Science division of SK Chemicals to enter into the premium vaccine market, from the stages of entrepreneurship planning and concrete implementation to the successful outcome. It is designed to be practically used in entrepreneurship education based on the internal and external data for each stage and the theory of corporate entrepreneurship.

금융권 동향 (제13권 31호)

한상일 ( Han Sang Il ),임병철 ( Im Byeong Cheo ),구본성 ( Gu Bon Seong ),정찬우 ( Jeong Chan U ) 한국금융연구원 2004 주간금융동향(종간) Vol.13 No.31

40세 이상의 여성에서 연령에 따른 체외수정시술 결과 분석

권처진,이상희,강은희,김종식,정병준,Kwon, Cheo-Jin,Lee, Sang-Hee,Kang, Eun-Hee,Kim, Jong-Sik,Jung, Byeong-Jun 대한생식의학회 2007 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.34 No.4

목 적: 자신의 난자를 사용하여 체외수정시술을 시행한 40세 이상의 여성 환자에서 시술 결과를 분석하여 체외수정시술의 유용성을 평가하였다. 연구방법: 본원에 내원하여 체외수정-배아이식 시술을 받은 환자 중 40세 이상의 여성 환자 170명 271주기를 대상으로 하여 시술 결과를 분석하였다. 이들 환자 중 44세 미만 군과 44세 이상 군으로 나누어 시술 결과를 비교하였다. 통계학적 분석은 student t-test 및 Fishers exact test를 이용하였다. 결 과:총 임상적 임신율이 11% (30/271), 임상적 임신이 확인된 후 유산된 경우가 33% (10/30), 총 분만율이 7.4% (20/271)이었다. 44세 미만 군과 44세 이상 군의 비교에서는 주기취소율이 13%와 23%로 44세 이상군에서 높았고, 평균 회수된 난자 수, 수정된 배아 수, 이식한 배아 수는 각각 6.17$\pm$4.62와 4.13$\pm$4.07, 4.83$\pm$3.61와 3.46$\pm$3.12, 3.52$\pm$1.72와 2.81$\pm$1.83로 44세 이상 군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다. 임상적 임신율과 분만율도 각각 13.0%와 2.1%, 9.0%와 0.0%로 44세 이상 군에서 유의하게 낮았다. 결 론: 본 연구 결과에 의하면 자신의 난자를 사용한 체외수정-배아이식 시술이 44세 미만의 여성불임 환자에게는 유용한 시술이지만, 44세 이상의 환자에서는 시술을 통한 성공적인 임신과 분만에 어려움이 많았다. Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in women over 40 years of age. Methods: A total of 170 patients (271 cycles) over 40 years of age who underwent IVF-ET at Seoul Women's Hospital (Incheon, Korea) were analyzed in this study retrospectively. The patients were grouped into the women <44 years old group and the women $\geq$44 years old group. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Results: An overall clinical pregnancy rate per retrieval was 11% (30/271). Of these, clinical miscarriage rate were 33% (10/30) and the overall delivery rate was 7.4% (20/271) per retrieval, respectively. The women $\geq$44 years old group had significantly higher cancellation rate (13% vs. 25%), lower number of retrieved oocytes (6.17$\times$4.62 vs. 4.13$\times$4.07), decreased number of 2PN (4.83$\times$3.61 vs. 3.46$\times$3.12), and reduced embryos for transfer (3.52$\times$1.72 vs. 2.81$\times$1.83) than the women <44 years old group. We found significantly lower clinical pregnancy rate (13.0% vs. 2.1%) and live birth rate (9.0% vs. 0.0%) in the women $\geq$44 years old group than the women <44 years old group. Conclusion: The present study has shown that IVF outcome is seriously impaired in the women $\geq$44 years old.

무인항공기 사고로 인한 운영자의 법적 책임 연구

김선이(Kim Sun-lhee),최병철(Choi Byeong-cheo) 전북대학교 법학연구소 2015 法學硏究 Vol.44 No.-

무인항공기는 조종사를 탑승하지 않고 지정된 임무를 수행할 수 있도록 제작된 비행체이다. 이러한 무인항공기는 활용분야에 따라 다양한 장비(광학, 적외선, 레이더 센서 등)를 탑재하여 감시?정찰?정밀공격무기의 유도 등의 임무를 수행하며 국가안보 유지 수단으로 주목을 받고 있다. 정부(국토교통부?산업통상자원부)는 이러한 무인항공기의 국내경제발전의 파급효과를 인지하고, 세계 항공기 시장에서 우선순위를 선점하기 위해 상당한 투자를 하고 있다. 무인항공기는 미래 항공산업의 블루오션이지만 민간 상용화 되었을 때 발생할 수 있는 법적 분쟁요소도 부각되고 있다. 무인항공기의 일반적인 특성인 소형화 및 영상촬영 기능은 이착륙부터 운항 시의 주변의 기록의 저장은 피촬영자에게 불쾌감을 유발시킬 수 있는 것이다. 이에 따라 안전한 무인항공기 운용을 위해 운영자의 법적책임에 대한 분석 필요하다. 현재 무인항공기의 종류와 용도에 따라 위험요소와 영향평가가 다르며 사고 관련 기준 및 법적용 기준이 구체화 되어 있지 않다. 그래서 민간 무인항공기 실용화를 위해 운영자의 법적 책임의 분석이 필요하다고 할 것이다. 무인항공기 운영에 따르는 사고발생 시 손해배상책임은 대부분 지상 제3자에 대한 인명이나 재산상의 손해에 대한 책임이다. 이러한 지상 제3자에 대한 책임을 규율하는 국제협약으로 로마 협약이 있지만 체약국이 없기 때문에 국제협약으로서의 역할을 못하고 있다. 그리고 기존의 로마 협약을 현대화한 2009년 로마 협약은 발효도 되지 않았고, 발효의 가능성도 요원한 일로 보인다. 로마 협약에서 규정하는 사고가 발생하였을 때 책임을 지는 자는 운영자이며 이 운영자의 개념이 무인항공기 운영자하고 동일하게 볼 수 있는지에 대하여는 의문이 있다. 또한 사고에 대한 법적책임을 묻기 위해서는 사고를 발생시킨 당사자에게 책임을 물어야 하는바 무인항공기의 제작결함으로 인해 사고가 발생하였을 경우와 시스템의 오작동으로 인해 사고가 발생하였다면 제조물 책임을 물어야 할 경우도 있을 수 있다. 이는 운영자의 법적 책임과 관련은 있으면서 별개의 법적 사안이라고 할 수 있다. 향후 무인항공기의 국제적 운영에 따르는 사고발생 시 손해배상책임 문제는 로마 협약 보다는 각국의 국내법에 의하여 해결될 가능성이 많을 것으로 생각된다. 항공기사고는 발생지 국법에 따라서 처리하는 것을 원칙으로 하고 있으므로 발생지국의 국내법이 적용 될 것으로 판단되며 국내법은 상법 항공운송편 제3장의 지상 제3자 손해에 대한 책임이 적용될 것이다. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), commonly known as a drone and also referred to as an unpiloted aerial vehicle and a remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), is an aircraft without a human pilot aboard. ICAO classify unmanned aircraft into two types under Circular 328 AN/190. The government has invested in order to provide a competitive edge in the world of aircraft market of unmanned aircraft. And unmanned aircraft is an important element of economic development, is also legal problems can be generated when it is private commercial. Size and video shooting function is a general property of unmanned aircraft, storing records around the time of flight from takeoff and landing can be generated damage to the people. Thus, it is necessary analysis of the legal responsibility of the operator for safe unmanned aircraft operation. Criteria for legal different analyzes contents of risk according to the current type of unmanned aircraft and applications are also not clear. So for practical use of private unmanned aircraft, there is a need for analysis of the legal responsibility of the operator. When the accident occurred because of flight of unmanned aircraft, liability for damages for this is a responsibility for body damage and property damage of almost the ground a third party. In international treaties to discipline the responsibility for these on the ground there is a third party Treaty of Rome, but there is no effect as a suitably international treaty less member countries. And, the Treaty of Rome in 2009, which modernized the existing Treaty of Rome was not even entered into force. The person responsible when the accident as defined in the Treaty of Rome has occurred, with the operator, about what the concept of this operator can be viewed as the same was unmanned aircraft operator, is questionable. Also, in order to apply the liability of accident, it is necessary to determine the responsible party caused the accident. It is necessary to apply the product responsible for accidents due to manufacturing defects in the unmanned aircraft. This may be a separate legal cases while there is associated with the liability of the operator. Problem of international liability for damages when an accident occurs due to the operation of unmanned aircraft the future, rather than the Treaty of Rome, will be resolved by the domestic law of each country. Aircraft accidents national law occurs bureaus because it in principle be processed in accordance with the epicenter method is applied. Unmanned aircraft accident are those responsible for the ground a third party damage of the Commercial Code applies.

Prenatal sonography implication of ocular development in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Ha young Jang,Jin A Kwak,Chang Sik Cho,Dong Hyun Jo,Byeong-Cheo Kang,Jeong Hun Kim 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

The common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) have been proposed as an appropriate bridge between rodents and large primates due to their similar ophthalmological features to large primates and humans. Furthermore, the success of the availability and use of genetic engineering techniques in marmosets not only broadens our understanding of congenital ophthalmic diseases but can also be applied to the development of gene therapy. Prenatal ultrasonography is a powerful diagnostic technique that can detect various congenital eye malformations arising during the developmental process, such as anophthalmia, microphthalmia, coloboma, aniridia, and optic nerve hypoplasia. Here, we assessed the ocular biometry using ultrasonography to evaluate prenatal eye and orbit growth in clinically normal common marmoset’s fetus. Biparietal diameter (BPD), ocular diameter (OD), interocular distance (ID), and binocular distance (BOD), and total axial length (TAL) were measured in fifteen heads of marmoset fetuses of six pregnant marmosets on gestation days 104 to 140. BOD increased by approximately 25 % between gestation days 104 and 121, and OD nearly doubled between gestation days 104 and 137. BOD, OD, and TAL were 14.3± 1.0 mm, 6.1±0.8 mm, and 6.3±0.9 mm on gestation days 140. There is no mother monkey show abnormal behavior after the ultrasound. We started this study to assess the fetal ocular biometry as the baseline for validating the ocular congenital ophthalmic disease model, which is made with genetic engineering techniques in common marmosets. The study will facilitate the development of the disease model as well as gene therapy and therapeutics by optimizing the diagnostic accuracy for earlier diagnosis of ocular anomalies in common marmosets.

Isolation of a Calmodulin-binding Transcription Factor from Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Choi, Man-Soo,Kim, Min-Chul,Yoo, Jae-Hyuk,Moon, Byeong-Cheol,Koo, Sung-Cheo,Park, Byung-Ouk,Lee, Ju-Huck,Koo, Yoon-Duck,Han, Hay-Ju,Lee, Sang-Yeol,Chung, Woo-Sik,Lim, Chae-Oh,,Cho, Moo-Je Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2005 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2005 No.

Calmodulin (CaM) regulates diverse cellular functions by modulating the activities of a variety of enzymes and proteins. However, direct modulation of transcription factors by CaM has been poorly understood. In this study, we isolated a putative transcription factor by screening a rice cDNA expression library by using CaM:horseradish peroxidase as a probe. This factor, which we have designated OsCBT (Oryza sativa CaM-binding transcription factor), has structural features similar to Arabidopsis AtSRs/AtCAMTAs and encodes a 103-kDa protein because it contains a CG-1 homology DNA-binding domain, three ankyrin repeats, a putative transcriptional activation domain, and five putative CaM-binding motifs. By using a gel overlay assay, gel mobility shift assays, and site-directed mutagenesis, we showed that OsCBT has two different types of functional CaM-binding domains, an IQ motif, and a Ca^(2+)-dependent motif. To determine the DNA binding specificity of OsCBT, we employed a random binding site selection method. This analysis showed that OsCBT preferentially binds to the sequence 5'-TWCG(C/T)GTKKKKTKCG-3' (W and K represent A or C and T or G, respectively). OsCBT was able to bind this sequence and activate β-glucuronidase reporter gene expression driven by a minimal promoter containing tandem repeats of these sequences in Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts. Green fluorescent protein fusions of two putative nuclear localization signals of OsCBT, a bipartite and a SV40 type, were predominantly localized in the nucleus. Most interestingly, the transcriptional activation mediated by OsCBT was inhibited by co-transfection with a CaM gene. Taken together, our results suggest that OsCBT is a transcription activator modulated by CaM.

북한 핵실험에 따른 대북제재의 한계와 한국의 대응전략

강근형(康根亨)(KANG, Kun-Hyung),강병철(姜秉徹)(KANG, Byeong Cheo) 신아시아연구소(구 신아세아질서연구회) 2017 신아세아 Vol.24 No.2

이 논문은 북한의 핵실험 이후 국제사회의 대북제제의 내용과 그 한계를 분석하고 있으며, 이러한 토대 위에서 북한의 핵 개발을 견제하기 위한 한국의 대응전략은 어떠한 방향으로 추진되어야 하는가에 대해 정책적 제언을 시도하고 있다. 북한은 강력하게 핵전력 강화를 추진하고 있으며 이는 신현실주의적인 논리에 바탕을 두고 있는 것으로 분석된다. 북한은 신현실주의적인 시각에서 국가생존을 최우선적으로 고려하여 핵 개발을 강화하고 있으며 국제사회의 경제적 제재라는 압력에 쉽게 굴복할 것으로 보이지 않는다. 따라서 한국정부는 북한의 비핵화를 위한 국제사회의 제재에 적극 동참하면서도 동시에 북핵 억제전략을 추진하는 것이 한국의 안보를 위해 현실적이라고 할 수 있다. 대응전략으로서는 북한에 대한 경제적 제재와 한미동맹을 강화하고, 일본과의 협력을 추구하면서 사드(THADD)의 조속한 배치로 북한의 위협을 견제해야 한다. 북한의 핵공격을 제압하기 위한 선제타격 능력의 개발과 함께 전술 핵무기의 한반도 재배치와 독자적인 핵 보유를 위한 잠재능력 개발과 같은 다소 극단적인 억제전략도 적극 고려해야 한다. This article analyzes the limits of international sanctions on North Korea after that country’s fourth nuclear test and suggests strategies for South Korea to respond to North Korea’s nuclear program. North Korea is strongly pushing for nuclear weapons, an effort that is based on neorealist logic. This logic puts state survival is the government’s top priority, which necessitates the build up of nuclear arms and thus Pyongyang is unlikely to yield to international economic sanctions. It is realistic for the South Korean government, while actively participating in international sanctions to press for the denuclearization of North Korea, to simultaneously pursue deterrence against North Korea’s nuclear program. To counter North Korea’s nuclear deterrence strategy, South Korea must strengthen economic sanctions on North Korea, develop the ROK-US alliance, pursue cooperation with Japan, and check the threat of North Korea through rapid deployment of the Terminal High Altitude Aerial Defense (THAAD) system. In addition to the development of a preemptive strike capability to deter North Korea’s nuclear attack, some extreme suppression strategies such as relocation of tactical nuclear weapons to the Korean Peninsula and the development of an indigenous nuclear capability can be considered.

반복 배아 이식이 임신율에 미치는 영향: 이식관의 점액 유무

정병준,김종식,권처진,유미진,김명신,강은희,심종옥,송현진,오익환,Jung, Byeong-Jun,Kim, Jong-Sik,Kwon, Cheo-Jin,Ryu, Mi-Jin,Kim, Myung-Sin,Kang, Eun-Hee,Sim, Jong-Ok,Song, Hyun-Jin,Oh, Ik-Hwan 대한생식의학회 2003 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.30 No.1

Objective : We investigate the effects of multiple attempts of embryo transfer because of retained embryos in the catheter and of contaminated mucus on the transferred catheter. Materials and Methods: We respectively analysed data between November 1998 and August 2002 from 305 patients of 369 cycles who underwent IVF-ET. Of these patients, 47 patients of 50 cycles (Group 2) were required multiple trial of embryo transfer. They were compared with an age-matched control groups (Group 1) with female factor infertility. Pearson's $?^2$ and Fisher's tests were used to compare proportions between discrete variables. Noncategorical data were compared using t-test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Embryos were significantly more likely to be retained when catheter was contaminated with mucus (Group 1: 22.4%; Group 2: 44.0%). The clinical pregnancy rates, however, for the contaminated mucus or not, were 46.8%, 43.5% respectively. There was no significant difference clinical pregnancy rate between those who had all their embryos transferred at the first attempt (45.4%) and those who required more than one attempt (48.0%). Conclusions: Contaminated mucus in the catheter is associated with failed embryo transferred at the first attempt. Embryo transfers, however, that are repeated attempts do not adversely affect pregnancy rates following IVF-ET.

파각란 및 혈란 자동검란기기 검출 신뢰도 검증

노재증 ( Jae Jung Noh ),전승엽 ( Seung Yeob Jeon ),박병석 ( Byeong Secj Park ),김선만 ( Sun Man Kim ),김희수 ( Heui Soo Kim ),김현주 ( Hyun Joo Kim ),조철훈 ( Cheo Run Jo ) 한국식품저장유통학회(구 한국농산물저장유통학회) 2013 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.20 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the reliability of automatic cracked and bloody egg detector according to the age of the hens and the level of the detector. The results of this study are expected to be helpful in the implementation of the Korean egg grading system, which is expected to improve egg quality for consumers. An official egg grader randomly selected 1,000 eggs for each experiment, ran them through the automatic detector, and conducted labor inspection using the eggs that were classified by the detector as cracked, bloody, and normal eggs. The results showed that more cracked eggs were laid by hens aged 40-60 weeks than by hens aged 30 weeks. Also, when the detector level increased from four to seven, its cracked eggs detection rate dropped, and total rate of cracked eggs was consistent after the labor insperction of the classified eggs. The automatic detector achieved over 97 percent accuracy. The bloody eggs constituted only 0.005 percent of all the samples, and all the detector-detected eggs were bloody eggs after the labor inspection of both the bloody and normal egg lines. Therefore, it can be concluded that the automatic cracked and bloody egg detector was reliable and can be used in the egg grading system. Considering that cracked eggs should be less than 9percent of first-grade eggs in the present egg grading system, the use of an automatic crack detector may help provide better-quality eggs to consumers by producing less than 5.5 percent cracked eggs.

rDNA-ITS DNA 바코드 부위 분석을 통한 산초(山椒) 기원종 감별용 유전자 마커 개발

김욱진 ( Wook Jin Kim ),지윤의 ( Yun Ui Ji ),이영미 ( Young Mi Lee ),강영민 ( Young Min Kang ),최고야 ( Go Ya Choi ),문병철 ( Byeong Cheo Moon ) 대한본초학회 2015 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.30 No.3

Objectives : Due to the morphological similarity of the pericarp and description of multi-species in National Pharmacopoeia of Korea and China, the Zanthoxylum Pericarpium is difficult to authenticate adulterant in species levels. Therefore, we introduced the sequence analysis of DNA barcode and identification of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) to establish a reliable tool for the distinction of Zanthoxylum Pericarpium from its adulterants. Methods : To analyze DNA barcode region, genomic DNA was extracted from twenty-four specimens of authentic Zanthoxylum species and inauthentic adulterant and the individual internal transcribed spacer regions (rDNA-ITS and ITS2) of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene were amplified using ITS1, ITS2-S2F, and ITS4 primer. For identification of species-specific sequences, a comparative analysis was performed using entire DNA barcode sequences. Results : In comparison of four Zanthoxylum ITS2 sequences, we identified 16, 4, 6, and 4 distinct species-specific nucleotides enough to distinguish Z. schinifolium, Z. bungeanum, Z. piperitum, and Z. simulans, respectively. The sequence differences were available genetic marker to discriminate four species. Futhermore, phylogenetic relationship revealed a clear classification between different Zanthoxylum species showing 4 different clusters. These results indicated that comparative analysis of ITS2 DNA barcode was an useful genetic marker to authenticate Zanthoxylum Pericarpium in species levels. Conclusions : The marker nucleotides, enough to distinguish Z. schinifolium, Z. piperitum, Z. bungeanum, and Z. simulans, were obtained at 30 SNP marker nucleotides from ITS2 sequences. These differences could be used to authenticate official Zanthoxylum Pericarpium from its adulterants as well as discriminating each four species.